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These are students whose primary language is not English and who are in the process of learning English. These students may come from various linguistic and cultural backgrounds and they often speak another language other than English at home. EL Learners may be at different levels of proficiency in English ranging from beginners to advanced. These students often receive support to help them improve their English language skills.

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Reading comprehension is the ability to understand, interpret, and make meaning from written text. It is the ultimate goal of reading and involves extracting information from the text and integrating it with what the reader already knows.

Key Components of Comprehension:

1. Literal Understanding: Grasping the basic facts and details in the text. Example: Identifying the main idea or recalling specific events.

2. Inferential Understanding: Reading between the lines to infer meaning not explicitly stated. Example: Understanding a character's emotions based on their actions.

3. Critical Analysis: Evaluating and reflecting on texts' meaning and purpose. Example: determining the author's intent or identifying bias.

Comprehension makes sure that reading is not just about decoding words but also about gaining information on the topic.

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Fluency: in reading refers to the ability to read text accurately quickly and with appropriate expression. It bridges the gap between word recognition and comprehension, allowing readers to focus on understanding the meaning of the text rather than decoding individual words.

Key Components of Fluency:

1. Accuracy: Reading words correctly without skipping or mispronouncing them.

2. Rate: Reading at an appropriate speed, not fast or slow.

3. Prosody: using proper expression, tone, and phrasing to convey meaning.

Why it matters?

Fluent readers can concentrate on comprehension since decoding is automatic. It can enhance reading enjoyment and confidence. Having a lack of fluency often leads to difficulty understanding the text. Fluency is typically developed through repeated reading, modeling fluent reading and practice with appropriate texts.

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Starfall: Interactive games for phonics and phonemics.

Heggerty Phonemic Awareness App: Guided phonemic awareness activities.

Lexia Core5 Reading: Works on structured practice in phonics and decoding.

Teach Your Monster to Read: games for building decoding and reading skills.

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Vocabulary is the collection of words that a person knows and understands. It is a key part of language that helps us communicate effectively.

Types of Vocabulary:

Listening Vocabulary: words you understand when you hear them.

Speaking Vocabulary: words you use when talking.

Reading Vocabulary: words you recognize and understand when reading.

Writing Vocabulary: words you use when writing.

Why is vocabulary important?

It helps you understand what you read and hear. It also allows you to express yourself clearly. A strong vocabulary improves communication skills in school, work, and daily life.

Leaning new words and practicing them is the best way to build a strong vocabulary.

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What is the science of Reading/Structured Literacy?

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What is the science of Reading/Structured Literacy?

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This is a learning disability that makes it hard for people to read, write, and spell. People with dyslexia may have difficulty recognizing words, decoding words, and understanding how letters and sounds go together.

Key Features

Reading Problems

Spelling Challenges

Slow Reading

People with dyslexia often have average or above-average intelligence. With support, they can succeed in reading and learning

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What is it? It is understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sound of spoken language. This allows students to decode words by connecting written symbols to their corresponding sounds, helping them read ans spell effectively

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Writing uses symbols (letters, words, or other marks) to communicate ideas, thoughts, or information. It is a form of language output where we organize and express what we think or know.

Key Features of Writing:

1. Purpose: Writing can be used to inform, entertain, persuade, or express emotions.

2. Medium: Writing can happen on paper computers, phones, or even in art (like graffiti or calligraphy).

3. Language Rules: Writing follows rules like grammar, spelling, and punctuation to make ideas clear.

Examples of writing:

Personal: writing a diary entry or a thank you note.

Academic: Writing an essay or research paper.

Creative: Writing stories, poems, or scripts.

Practical: Writing a grocery list or filling out a form.

Writing is a way to share thoughts with others or keep them for later.

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George Lucas Educational Foundation

Discover ways to optimize instruction to address the needs of students who are learning English.

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In higher grades, multilingual students need to develop a grasp of academic English. Here's how to help them acquire the skills they need.

Five ways teachers can celebrate and extend the linguistic expertise of young students who speak two or more languages.

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Discover ways to optimize instruction to address the needs of students who are learning English.