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A process by which a licensed professional shows that he or she is qualified to perform designated clinical activity.

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Applies to institutions, not individuals. Institutions are judged on standards of safety and performance.

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Legally grants permission to a qualified individual to perform certain activities that are considered to be illegal without a license.

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The process by which a non-governmental agency or association grants recognition to an individual who has met certain predetermined qualifications.

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A patient’s moral and legal right to accept or reject medical treatment.

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Supports informed consent, privacy, and confidentiality and rejects medical paternalism by supporting truthfulness.

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Preventing harm, removing conditions that cause harm, and helping people.

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Rejects causing pain and suffering, incapacitating, offending people, and depriving people of the things they value.

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The distribution of resources and fairness.

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Rights possessed by patients. Two types- Privacy in terms of conduct and privacy regarding personal information.

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The basis of the obligation on the part of health-care providers to protect the right to privacy of patients regarding their medical information.

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Refers to the standards of behavior involving right and wrong actions

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Health care ethics is a set of moral principles, beliefs and values designed to guide providers in making choices about medical care.

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A Nurses primary commitment is to the patient, nurses practice with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth and unique attribute of every person and the nurse promotes, advocates for and protects the rights, health, and safety of the patient.

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All states and territories have enacted an NPA. Each states NPA is enacted by the state legislature. Each NPA established a board of nursing that has the authority to develop administrative rules and regulations to make the law more specific.

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We can assess the morality of an action by universalizing the basic rule behind that action.

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Theoretical view that each action, each situation must be completely evaluated in terms of the consequences of available alternatives.

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Following a rule that produces the best consequences if that rule is generally followed by all people in all applicable circumstances.

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Humans should never be treated merely as mean, but always as ends in themselves.

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Rule theorists believe that basic moral principles, such as the utilitarian greatest happiness principle and Kant’s categorical imperative, are inadequate for moral deliberation. This tells us what we may not do but leaves us free to pursue any positive actions we see as fit. Example: “Do not lie”, “Do not steal”

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Dominant theory, acts so as to maximize pleasure and minimize pain.

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Provides that the best action is that which produces the greatest amount of happiness for the largest number of people.

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A paternalistic decision that goes against the desires of another person but is made for the benefit of that person.

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A theory that tries to connect various moral perspectives- such as those we have already examined- with bioethical decision making.

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An ethical stance that moves from a central role for individual rights and from strict moral rules and principles to a concern for establishing and preserving good relationships, helping others, and promoting mutual well-being.