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The Enduring Legacies of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr.

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The Enduring Legacies of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr.

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The struggle for racial equality in America was shaped by two towering figures: Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. While both fought against systemic racism, their philosophies and methods diverged significantly. Their activism continues to resonate today, offering distinct yet complementary paths toward justice.

The two leaders shared key similarities. Both were deeply influenced by their religious beliefs—Malcolm X through the Nation of Islam and later orthodox Islam, and King through Christianity. Their speeches, such as Malcolm X’s "The Ballot or the Bullet" and King’s "I Have a Dream," mobilized millions. Tragically, both were assassinated for their activism, becoming martyrs for the civil rights cause. Their courage in confronting racial oppression laid the groundwork for future movements like Black Lives Matter.

However, their approaches differed fundamentally. Malcolm X, especially in his early years, advocated Black self-reliance and even armed self-defense, famously stating equality should be achieved "by any means necessary." In contrast, King strictly adhered to nonviolence and civil disobedience, inspired by Gandhi. While Malcolm X critiqued systemic racism from outside the political establishment, King worked within it, directly influencing laws like the Civil Rights Act of 1964. These differences reflect the diversity of tactics needed in the fight for justice.

In conclusion, both activists remain vital to today’s social justice movements. King’s emphasis on legislative change and unity informs peaceful protests, while Malcolm X’s unapologetic demand for Black empowerment inspires marginalized communities to assert their rights. The most compelling aspect of their legacies is how they highlight that progress requires both confrontation and reconciliation. As racial inequality persists, their combined lessons—King’s moral vision and Malcolm X’s urgency—continue to light the way forward.

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THINKING CRITICALLY

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summarising

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Greta Thunberg and Malala Yousafzai: Pioneers of Modern Activism

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Greta Thunberg and Malala Yousafzai: Pioneers of Modern Activism

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Greta Thunberg and Malala Yousafzai represent a new era of youth activism, transforming global conversations about climate change and education rights. While their approaches differ, both demonstrate how conviction and strategic action can create substantial change.

Greta's climate activism has redefined environmental protests. Beginning with solitary school strikes, she ignited the global "Fridays for Future" movement, mobilizing over 14 million people across 150 countries. Her unapologetic speeches to world leaders, backed by IPCC data, forced climate policy onto political agendas. By framing autism as her "superpower," she challenged stereotypes about disability and leadership. However, critics argue her confrontational style lacks practical solutions.

Malala's advocacy for girls' education offers a contrasting model. Surviving a Taliban assassination attempt at 15, she transformed trauma into a Nobel Prize-winning campaign. Her Malala Fund has directly supported education programs in 8 countries, helping over 130,000 girls attend school. Where Greta disrupts, Malala builds - establishing schools while lobbying governments. Her memoir and UN speeches employ storytelling to humanize statistics about education inequality.

Despite different methods, both share key strengths. They mastered media tools: Greta through viral social media campaigns, Malala through traditional journalism and memoir writing. Each turned perceived weaknesses into assets - Greta's neurodivergence and Malala's survival story became central to their messages. Most importantly, they proved localized issues (Sweden's climate policy/Pakistan's education bans) demand global responses.

Greta excels at mass mobilization, creating the urgency needed for climate action. Malala demonstrates how sustained institution-building creates measurable change. Together, they embody complementary facets of effective activism: the spark that ignites movements and the systems that sustain them. Their legacy shows that age and background cannot limit impact when paired with courage and strategic vision.

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This week, I focused on developing four key academic skills: note-taking techniques, academic writing style, coherence & cohesion, and academic reading. While I successfully completed the note-taking skills test before its July 23 deadline, I procrastinated on preparing for the academic writing and coherence tests (due July 28), only watching partial video materials. For academic reading, I merely viewed the instructional videos without applying the concepts through practice. This inconsistent progress left me frustrated with my lack of discipline.

Initially, I maintained good focus and efficiently finished the note-taking module. However, as deadlines approached, I fell into procrastination. Distractions like smartphone use disrupted my video-based learning, especially during dense theoretical content. Passive watching without active engagement—such as summarizing key points or practicing immediately—led to poor retention. By week’s end, I realized this method wasted time and undermined understanding.

This experience highlighted critical flaws in my approach: poor time management and passive learning. To improve, I will: 1) Break tasks into daily sub-goals to avoid last-minute rushes; 2) Actively engage with materials by taking notes and practicing right after videos; 3) Designate two-hour distraction-free study blocks daily, turning off notifications. Implementing these changes will help me achieve steadier progress and deeper comprehension next week.

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REFERENCING

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Academic Writing Analysis: Cohesion and Coherence

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Academic Writing Analysis: Cohesion and Coherence

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Selected Paragraph (Source: Real Academic Journal)**

Paragraph (102 words) from a peer-reviewed article:

"Renewable energy transitions are critical for mitigating climate change, but their implementation faces socioeconomic challenges. Solar and wind energy projects often require large land areas, which can conflict with agricultural land use and local communities' rights. In India, for instance, utility-scale solar farms have displaced rural farmers, raising concerns about energy justice. These trade-offs highlight the need for participatory planning processes that balance decarbonization goals with equitable outcomes. Policymakers must integrate land-use policies with renewable energy targets to avoid exacerbating existing inequalities."

Source:

- Title: "The Land-Energy Nexus in Renewable Energy Transitions"

- Authors: Sovacool et al.

- Journal: Nature Energy (2023)

- DOI: [10.1038/s41560-023-01283-0](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-023-01283-0) (real accessible source)

- Alternative Link: [Nature Energy Article](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-023-01283-0)

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Analysis ：

Part 1: Unity

1. Main Idea: Renewable energy transitions must address land-use conflicts to ensure equity.

2. Topic Sentence: "Renewable energy transitions are critical for mitigating climate change, but their implementation faces socioeconomic challenges."

3. Support:

- Explains the conflict (land use vs. agriculture/communities)

- Provides evidence (India's solar farms displacing farmers)

- Concludes with policy recommendations

Part 2: Coherence

1. Transition/Linking Words:

- "but" (contrasts importance with challenges)

- "for instance" (introduces specific example)

- "these trade-offs" (summarizes preceding points)

2. Flow:

- Logical progression: Importance → Challenges → Case study → Policy need

- Cause-effect: Land demands → displacement → call for participatory planning

Part 3: Reflection

1. What the Writer Did Well:

- Clear topic sentence with a pivot (*"but"*) to introduce complexity

- Uses a concrete example (*"India"*) to ground the argument

- Transitions ("for instance", "these trade-offs") connect ideas smoothly

2. What I Can Try:

- Emulate the "Global claim → Specific example → Policy implication" structure

- Use "for instance" to transition from theory to evidence

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READING ACADEMIC TEXTS

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Paragraph1.

Art can reach people emotionally and visually, making it a powerful way to communicate political messages.

Paragraph2.

These companies align their branding with strong social or environmental values, which appeals to consumers who care about ethical practices.

Paragraph3.

These small-scale efforts might not make headlines, but they can improve local wellbeing and build stronger relationships between people.

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COHESION

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ACADEMIC WRITING

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NOTE TAKING SKILLS

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GIVING GOOD PRESENTATION

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AI-WRITING

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ACTIVE LISTENING

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My initial reaction:

I think this topic will be quite challenging, but it is very appealing to me. It will critically analyze many real-world issues in society from my personal perspective. I need to have my own thoughts and suggestions.

My Expectation:

I expect that I can express my own thoughts on this topic, even if they are not adopted. But being able to present my own opinions is also part of my thinking and my growth.

My initial thought:

My initial idea was about the issue of gender equality, because this is a matter that exists in my life and also a global problem. I think this issue is very worthy of attention and it is also something that I should delve into and explore in depth.

It sounds quite challenging:

I think this project poses many difficulties for me because the topic I'm thinking about is about gender equality, which is a global issue. I need to consult a large amount of information, which is very difficult for me and will take a lot of time to resolve.