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Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism

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Reactants

Oxygen & glucose

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stimulus is anything from the internal or external environment that causes an imbalance in the internal conditions of a cell, organ, organ system, or organism.

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The chloroplast is the site photosynthesis takes place

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We start with the smallest form and move up as it gets more complex

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Cell

Tissue

Organ

Organ system

Organism

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The cell is the basic unit of life.

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Tissue is the next level of organization

A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specialized function.

We have several different types of tissue.

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An organ is a group of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body.

Organ is a singular, when we say Organ, we are talking about 1 not a group of organs working together.

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An organ system is two or more organs that work together to perform body functions.

An example would be the excretory system

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Together, the organ systems make up the entire organism.

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The inputs and outputs of different types of systems include energy, matter, and information.

Outputs are generated when the inputs are processed in some way.

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negative feedback loop

control system for homeostasis that adjusts the body’s conditions when the conditions vary from the ideal.

Sending signals in the OPPISITE direction.

Example: When you get to hot, your body starts to sweat.

When you get too cold your body starts to shiver.

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positive feedback loop

control system in which sensory information causes the body to increase the rate of change away from homeostasis

a positive feedback loop makes adjustments in the same direction as the stimulus.

Our two most common examples of positive feedback loops are blood clotting and childbirth.

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Reactants

water, carbon dioxide, & sunlight

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Products

Glucose and oxygen

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Plants photosynthesize so they can make their own food!

It is NOT to give us oxygen (O2)

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The Sun, we also call it light energy or thermal energy

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molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars and starches

Function- quick short-term energy

Monomer- monosaccharides

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Lipids are fats, they are not water soluble (they don't dissolve in water).

Function- can store energy long term

Monomer- fatty acid

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polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids

are often described as the building blocks of life.

Function- building muscle, function as enzymes, & help regulate chemical reactions

Monomer- amino acids

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A nucleotide is composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing molecule, called a base. The sugar and phosphate nucleotides form the backbone of the DNA double helix. The nitrogenous bases form matching pairs held together by hydrogen bonds.

Function- DNA and RNA

Monomer- Nucleotides

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large, carbon-based molecule formed by monomers

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Smaller subunits that come together to form polymers

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Water, carbon dioxide, heat, ATP energy

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ATP energy, we also call it Chemical energy

This gives our body the energy it needs to complete its daily functions and task,

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To make useable energy.

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A process that requires oxygen to occur.

Produces more ATP.

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A process that does not require oxygen to occur.

Produces LESS ATP.

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ONLY 10% of energy is kept as we move up the Pyramid.

90% is LOST through HEAT

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Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Apex

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A network of possible energy transfer

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A single pathway of energy transfer.

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Photosynthesis removes CO2 (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere.

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Ocean

Atmosphere

Underground

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Plants are producers, they PRODUCE or make their own food through photosynthesis.

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Consumers must CONSUME or eat to get their energy.

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Primary consumers are Herbivores or plant eaters. They are the first to do any consuming(eating).

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Secondary consumers are Omnivores (eat plants and animals) they eat producers (plants) and primary consumers (herbivores). They still have a lot of predators.

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Top predator can be an omnivore or a carnivore. Very few to no predators.

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Decomposers break down dead matter (dead plants and animals) and return the nutrients back to the soil.

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An anerobic process that produces little ATP energy in the absence of oxygen (O2).

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An ecosystem includes Abiotic(non-living) and biotic (living) factors