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1. 1712 - Invention of the Steam Engine: Steam power revolutionizes industry, leading to the mechanization of factories and transportation.

2. 1764 - Invention of the Spinning Jenny: This device accelerates textile production, sparking the factory system and urbanization.

3. 1785 - Invention of the Power Loom: Automation of weaving processes increases textile production further, contributing to industrial growth.

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1. 1838 Coronation of Queen Victoria: The British Empire reaches its peak during her reign, expanding its territories across Africa, Asia, and the Pacific.

2. 1884 Berlin Conference: European powers divide Africa among themselves, leading to the colonization and exploitation of African nations.

3. The discovery of Diamonds in 1867 and gold in 1886

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1. Technology getting better: new ideas such as the steam engine, spinning jenny, and iron production techniques spurred industrialization.

2. Urbanization: Rural populations migrated to cities in search of employment opportunities in factories.

3. Capitalism: The rise of capitalism fueled the need for efficient production and distribution methods.

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1. Urbanization: Cities expanded rapidly, leading to overcrowding, poor living conditions, and social inequalities.

2. Economic tranformation : The Industrial Revolution led to the rise of capitalism and the emergence of a working class, as well as significant wealth disparities.

3. Technological progress: Innovations revolutionized manufacturing processes, transportation, and communication, transforming societies globally.

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1. Economic motives: Industrialized nations went after raw materials and new markets to fuel their industries and maintain their control over the economy.

2. Nationalism: Competition between European powers led to a race for colonies and territories to assert dominance.

3. Strategic interests: Nations went after strategic locations for military bases and coaling stations to protect their interests abroad.

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1. Colonial exploitation: Indigenous populations were often exploited for labor and resources to benefit colonial powers.

2. Cultural assimilation: Colonized regions experienced cultural assimilation as European powers imposed their values, languages, and institutions.

3. Geopolitical tensions: Imperial competition contributed to increased militarization and geopolitical rivalries among European powers.

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Before World War I, factories and countries fought over land and power. They argued over resources and markets, especially in Africa. Factories grew, but so did anger among the poor. Countries made deals and alliances, making the world tense. Events like the Moroccan Crisis and the Balkan Wars showed this tension. In the end, competition for land and power, along with countries wanting strength, led to a big war.