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As early as 1570, the Spanish forces headed by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi heard of news about a rich kingdom in the northern part of the Philippines.  Plans to conquer the said kingdom were immediately set and on 30 May 1570, an expedition consisted of 600 natives of the Visayan Islands and 120 Spaniards commanded by Martin de Goiti and Juan de Salcedo left Panay and headed to the northern part of the Philippines.

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LOS NATURALES DE BANTAOAY ENTRAN AL TEMPLE

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Natives of Bantaoay Enter the Temple [to Seek Refuge]

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Natives of Bantaoay Enter the Temple [to Seek Refuge]

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On the day of the uprising, tension quickly escalated, and the locals within the pueblo sought refuge inside the church for safety.

They carried clothes and provisions, along with the children, for safety, knowing that the Spanish troops were heavily armed.

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On 16 May 1571, Legazpi landed in Manila and took possession of the kingdom.  Three native chiefs, including Laya and Lakandula declared themselves friends of Spain, but Sulayman at first showed hesitation and appeared before Legazpi only in May 18 to make peace with the Spaniards.  The following week after his arrival, Legazpi released an edict in accordance to the king’s command that lands would be given to those who desire to settle in the City of Manila which he was founding in the name of His Majesty.

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The Discontent among Iloconos reach a

tipping point, and a protest was organized by

Pedro Maeteo and Salarogo Ambaristo

that began in Pidding, Norte.

They sought to reclaim their right to produce and trade

Basi independently, without the interference of the spanish goverment

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The battle also initiated the Muslim-Christian conflict in the Philippines, with subsequent raids launched against the Spaniards by Muslim datus.

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The Cavite Mutiny has two accounts dubbed as the two faces of 1872 Cavite Mutiny: the Spanish version and the Filipino version.

In the Spanish version, the event of 1872 was premeditated, and was part of a big conspiracy among the educated leaders, mestizos, lawyers, and residents of Manila and Cavite. They allegedly plan to liquidate high-ranking Spanish officers, then kill the friars. When the district of Sampaloc celebrated the feast of the Virgin of Loreto, the Caviteños allegedly mistook the fireworks as the signal to commence with the attack leading to the defeat of the 200-men contingent led by Sergeant Lamadrid after attacking Spanish officers at sight and seized the arsenal. This revolution was then pinned on the three priests, Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora.

The Filipino version, however, emphasized the incident was merely a mutiny by Filipino soldiers and laborers of the Cavite arsenal to the dissatisfaction arising from the draconian policies of the then Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo, such as the abolition of privileges and the prohibition of the founding of the school of arts and trades for Filipino, which the General saw as a smokescreen to creating a political club.

Primary Sources:

• Spanish Version

1. Historia General de Filipinas by Jose Montero y Vidal (Madrid, 1895, Vol. III, pp. 566-595)

2. Official Report on the Cavite Mutiny by Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo, in Gregorio Zaide and Sonia Zaide's Documentary Sources of Philippine History, Volume 7 (Manila: National Book Store, 1990, pp. 281-286.

• Filipino Version

1. Filipino Version of the Cavite Mutiny Trinidad Pardo de Tavera, in Gregorio Zaide and Sonia Zaide, Documentary Sources of Philippine History , Volume 7 (Manila: National Book Store, 1990, p. 274

2. L'archipel des Philippines by Edmund Plauchut, in Revue des Deux Mondes (France, 1877, Vol. 20, p. 232)

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The Pueblo Revolt of 1680, also known as Popé's Rebellion or Po'pay's Rebellion, was a rebellion by indigenous Pueblo people against Spanish colonizers in Santa Fe de Nuevo México. The revolt was fueled by brutality, cruelty, and persistent Spanish policies, particularly against traditional religious practices. The Spaniards decided to abolish "pagan" worship and replace it with Christianity. The revolt resulted in the deaths of 400 Spaniards and the displacement of 2,000 settlers.

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A Spanish official indicating as Legazpi who achieved victory raises his cup for a victory toast while a Datu sits hunched and forlorn with his back to the official indicates the three natives chiefs who decalred themselves friends of Spain.

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Legazpi's victory in 1571 solidified the Philippines as Spain's center of trade and operations in Asia, leading to Manila's declaration as the capital in 1595 by King Philip II.

Leader: Martin de Goiti (under the orders of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi) & Rajah Sulayman

Place of Origin : Bangkusay Channel in Tondo, Manila

References:

(The Battle of Bangkusay A Paradigm of Defiance against Colonial Conquest)

https://nhcp.gov.ph/the-battle-of-bangkusay-a-paradigm-of-defiance-against-colonial-conquest/

TravelswithCharie(Filipino Struggles in History - Carlos Botong Francisco)

https://www.travelswithcharie.com/2019/05/filipino-struggles-in-history-carlos.html?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR3rixvm0Szvh3hYPX6a5vPtMXInMBUYFthPpsBdX3JEaBZZGzTcji3yVeQ_aem_ATuL2utJcCjWtDXWDSxAKagzHgFKgE_CTvHG3eqRggKWvyV9cOdUNr3e69nAZZQpLzSyXlG5jeGk2H-_VcO38C4R

-Regie N. Viajante

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The early parts of 19th century in Philippine History is considered as the period when the two types of Spaniards: Peninsulares (born in Spain) and Creoles (born in the Philippines) were in conflict with each other. During the 1820s to 1840s, these creoles (also known as hijos del pais or insulares) became not only advocates of reforms but also leaders of certain revolts (Bayot Conspiracy, 1822; Novales Mutiny, 1823; and Palmero Conspiracy, 1828).

1823, in particular, was nothing short of noteworthy. A wave of libertarian ideals from Europe swept through Latin American colonies to revolt against Spanish rule. As a result, the Spanish government replaced all creole officers of the army in the Philippines with peninsulars as a preventive measure. Disgusted by the racist policy, Novales recruited discontented creole and mestizo officers and Filipinos for the revolt. In total, they were 800 people.

The revolutionaries seized Intramuros and killed all Spanish officers they encountered including former governor-general Mariano Fernandez de Folgueras. They were only stopped at the gates of Fort Santiago because his brother, Lieutenant Mariano Novales, refused to open the gates due to his loyalty with Spain. Eventually, reinforcements lead by Governor-General Juan Antonio Martinez from Pampanga arrived to quell the revolt.

Primary Sources:

1. Account of the Rebellion in the Philippine Islands in the Year 1823 by J. Taylor and John Scott (The London Magazine, 1826, Vol. 14, pp. 512-516)

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Mandaya Revolt, was a religious uprising against Spanish colonial rule led by Miguel Lanab and Alababan, two Christianized Filipinos from the Itneg or Mandaya tribe of Capinatan, in northwestern Cagayan, in the Philippines. The region is now part of the landlocked province of Apayao. Miguel Lanab and Alababan murdered, beheaded and mutilated two Dominican missionaries, Father Alonzo Garcia and Brother Onofre Palao, who were sent by the Spanish colonial government to convert the Tingguan people to Christianity. After cutting Father Garcia's body into pieces, they fed his flesh to a herd of pigs. Afterwards, they compelled their fellow Isnegs to loot, desecrate Christian images, set fire to the local churches, and escape with them to the mountains.

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Miguel and Alababan’s army began to destroy churches and beheaded two missionaries as a response to their forced conversion to Christianity.

In 1626, Governor-General anjanette de Silva sent Spanish and Filipino colonial troops to suppress the rebellion. They destroyed farms and other sources of food to starve the Isnegs, and forced them to surrender in 1627.

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the Kapampangan Revolt of 1585-1586, also known as the "Revolt of the Lakans." The uprising was led by indigenous Kapampangan leaders against Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines.

The revolt was sparked by several factors, including abuses by Spanish officials, forced labor, and the imposition of tribute on the local population. The Kapampangan leaders, known as Lakans, rallied their people to resist Spanish authority and fight for their rights and independence.

The revolt lasted for several months and spread to other parts of Luzon, gaining support from other indigenous groups. However, the Spanish were able to suppress the revolt through a combination of military force and diplomacy.

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In 1744 in what is now the province of Bohol, what is known today as the Dagohoy Revolt was undertaken by Francisco Dagohoy and his followers. This revolt is unique since it is the only revolt completely related to matters of religious customs, unlike the Tamblot Uprising before it, which was not a complete religious rebellion.

After a duel in which Dagohoy's brother died, the local parish priest refused to give his brother a proper Catholic burial, since dueling is excommunicable by the Church. The refusal of the priest eventually led to the longest revolt ever held in Philippine history: 85 years. It also led to the establishment of a free Boholano government. Twenty governors-general, from Juan Arrechederra to Mariano Ricafort Palacin y Abarca, failed to stop the revolt. Ricafort himself sent a force of 2,200 foot soldiers to Bohol, which was defeated by Dagohoy's followers. Another attack, also sent by Ricafort in 1828 and 1829, failed as well. Dagohoy died two years before the revolt ended, though, which led to the end of the revolt in 1829. Some 19,000 survivors were granted pardon and were eventually allowed to live in new Boholano villages: namely, the present-day towns of Balilihan, Batuan, Bilar (Vilar), Catigbian, and Sevilla (Cabulao).

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Leader: Miguel Lanab and Alababan

Place of Origin: Capinatan

Governor-General Fernándo de Silva devised a tactic that instead of a direct combat, he fall Itneg’s resources in ruins and compelling them to surrender.

References:

(Philippine revolts against Spain)

https://www.connexions.org/CxLibrary/Docs/CxP-Philippine_Revolts_Against_Spain.htm

-Regie N. Viajante

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The English Civil War, spanning 1642-1651, was a series of conflicts between Royalists and Parliamentarians in England, part of the wider Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The First English Civil War, fought over power balance between Parliament and Charles I, ended in 1646 with the king in custody and the Royalists defeated. The 1642 war between Parliament and the Royalists exposed divisions in the political settlement, leading to a stalemate. The alliance between moderates and radicals, supported by Covenanters, resulted in the execution of Charles I and the establishment of the Commonwealth of England. Charles II crowned Scotland's King in 1650, requiring Presbyterian church creation in England and Scotland. Anglo-Scottish War ended, incorporated Ireland and Scotland, and Britain became unitary until 1660.

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the Revolt of the Barretinas, a peasant uprising that occurred in Portugal in 1662. The revolt was led by António Terencio de França, a farmer from Trás-os-Montes, and was named after the barretinas, or small caps, worn by the rebels. The uprising was fueled by grievances over heavy taxation, forced labor, and other abuses by the nobility and clergy. The rebels, primarily peasants and rural workers, sought to improve their living conditions and gain greater rights and freedoms. The revolt was ultimately unsuccessful, as the Portuguese crown was able to suppress the uprising. Many of the rebel leaders were captured and executed, and the revolt did not lead to significant changes in the social or political structure of Portugal.

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There are a lot of casualties in the war.

Place of Origin Ilocos Norte

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The Revolt was Quelled: The Victory of Vigan's Spanish Troops

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The Revolt was Quelled: The Victory of Vigan's Spanish Troops

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Despite the efforts of the farmers and traders, the reovolt

was quelled by the superior Spanish colonial forces.

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CUATRO COMPLICES PROCESADOS DEBAJO DE LA KOREA

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FOUR OF THE INSURGENT LEADERS WERE CAPTURED AND LED TO THE GALLOWS

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FOUR OF THE INSURGENT LEADERS WERE CAPTURED AND LED TO THE GALLOWS

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Spanish Leader: Alcalde Mayor Juan Ybañez

Filipino Leaders: Pedro Mateo, Salarogo Ambaristo, and two unamed other instigrators

Ambaristo and other leaders

were captured, and the insurrection was quelled.

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ESTRANGULACION DE LOLS 4 CUADILLOS INSURGENTES

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DEATH BY STRANGULATIONS OF THE FOUR MILITANT PROTEST LEADERS

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DEATH BY STRANGULATIONS OF THE FOUR MILITANT PROTEST LEADERS

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To prevent future uprisings, the spanish goverment imposed severe penalties,

particulary on the four leaders of the short-lived movement.

Pedro Mateo, Salarogo Ambaristo, and two other instigators were

hanged and decapitated.

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DECAPTICAION DE LOS CONDENADOS A ESTA PENA

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The Penalty of Beheading to those Condemed. The Four Leaders of Revolt were Beheaded After their Strangulation

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The Penalty of Beheading to those Condemed. The Four Leaders of Revolt were Beheaded After their Strangulation

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To show to the natives what does fear like when they oppose spaniards they also demonstrate how powerful they are with no remorse after hanging they beheaded the instigrators.

References:

Alice G. and Santiago A. (Basi Revolt)

https://epa.culturalcenter.gov.ph/3/82/2142/

Staff Writer(The Basi Revolt in Ilocos Norte)

https://filamtribune.com/the-basi-revolt-in-piddig-ilocos-norte/

-Regie N. Viajante