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Location: Montignac, France
(Part of the prehistoric sites and decorated caves of the Vézère Valley)
Description:
Depiction of aurochs, horses and deer

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Neolithic Art: Old-stream Burial Stone (6,000 BCE)

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Neolithic Art: Old-stream Burial Stone (6,000 BCE)

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Rock engravings on quartzite stone, found by the Lottering River, Western Cape Province, South Africa.

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Ancient Near Eastern Art: Kneeling bull holding a spouted vessel ca. 3100–2900 B.C.

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Ancient Near Eastern Art: Kneeling bull holding a spouted vessel ca. 3100–2900 B.C.

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The function of this small masterpiece remains uncertain. Traces of cloth that were found affixed to the figure suggest that it was intentionally buried, perhaps as part of a ritual or ceremony.

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Egyptian Art: Egyptian Book of the Dead Anubis c. 1275 BCE.

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Egyptian Art: Egyptian Book of the Dead Anubis c. 1275 BCE.

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Anubis weighing the soul of the scribe Ani, from the Egyptian Book of the Dead

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(Minoan)

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Greek Art: The winged Goddess Nike adjusting her sandal Unknown, Around 410 BC

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Greek Art: The winged Goddess Nike adjusting her sandal Unknown, Around 410 BC

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Nike is a bronze phedian sculpture by an unknown artist. It was created in the c. 410-407 BC in Athens. This sculpture is 37 inches tall and is now resting in Acropolis Museum, Athens. Phedian style is defined as “Conveys an ideal that was not merely artistic but also philosophical: the idealized faces and proportions the Athenians elevate them above the uncivilized world in which they operate” (Hall, 1995,p. 138).

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Etruscan Art: Gold and enamel a baule earring 6th century B.C.

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Etruscan Art: Gold and enamel a baule earring 6th century B.C.

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This earring represents one of the most common types in Etruscan jewelry but with exceptionally elaborate embellishment.

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Roman Art: Mosaic Fragment with a Dionysiac Procession, mosaic: limestone and glass tesserae late 2nd–early 3rd century AD

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Roman Art: Mosaic Fragment with a Dionysiac Procession, mosaic: limestone and glass tesserae late 2nd–early 3rd century AD

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Many Roman mosaics are geometric in the manner of rugs and carpets, but a vast range of figurative subjects were produced, ranging from mythological and religious scenes to landscape and marine mosaics to scenes of gladiatorial combat and wild beast fights. Different styles and workshops and differences in repertoire are recognisable throughout the Empire.

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Early Christian Art: Christ and the Apostles, Catacombs of Domitilla, 4th century C.E., Rome

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Early Christian Art: Christ and the Apostles, Catacombs of Domitilla, 4th century C.E., Rome

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An early representation of Christ found in the Catacomb of Domitilla shows the figure of Christ flanked by a group of his disciples or students. Those experienced with later Christian imagery might mistake this for an image of the Last Supper, but instead this image does not tell any story. It conveys rather the idea that Christ is the true teacher.

Christ draped in classical garb holds a scroll in his left hand while his right hand is outstretched in the so-called ad locutio gesture, or the gesture of the orator. The dress, scroll, and gesture all establish the authority of Christ, who is placed in the center of his disciples. Christ is thus treated like the philosopher surrounded by his students or disciples.

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Byzantine Art: Empress Theodora and her retinue 6th century

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Byzantine Art: Empress Theodora and her retinue 6th century

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on the south wall of the apse, church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy.

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Islamic Art: The SpyZambur Brings Mahiya to Tawariq' c.1570

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Islamic Art: The SpyZambur Brings Mahiya to Tawariq' c.1570

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Artist: Attributed to Kesav Das (Indian, active ca. 1570–1604)

Artist: Attributed to Mah Muhammad (active 1570s)

The Hamzanama tells the fantastic story of Hamza, an uncle of the Prophet, who traveled the world spreading the teachings of Islam. The story was a popular subject for public recitation in coffeehouses, so exciting and full of fantastic elements were the tales. The young emperor Akbar commissioned an illustrated version of the manuscript consisting of 1,400 large illustrations, each over two feet tall, with text on the reverse to aid in recitation. It was the earliest and most ambitious product of the royal painting atelier, and its paintings betray an early fusion of Persian and local Indian styles.

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Early Medieval Art: John the Evangelist page from the Lindisfarne Gospels c. 635 CE

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Early Medieval Art: John the Evangelist page from the Lindisfarne Gospels c. 635 CE

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As is common in early medieval art, the figures in this page appear flat and stylized. The bench on which John sits does not recede realistically into the space behind him. Modeling is kept to a minimum, and the clothing that John wears does not acknowledge the body beneath.

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by Albrecht Dürer in 1511-1513

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Gothic Art: The north rose window in Chartres Cathedral

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Gothic Art: The north rose window in Chartres Cathedral

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Located in Chartres, France.

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Art in 13th and 14th-Century Italy: Madonna and Child Enthroned with Four Saints, c. 1240/1245

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Art in 13th and 14th-Century Italy: Madonna and Child Enthroned with Four Saints, c. 1240/1245

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Artists / Makers

Margaritone d'Arezzo (artist) Italian, active second and third quarter 13th century

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Art in 14th-Century Flanders: Jan van Eyck, The Virgin of Chancellor Rolin

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Art in 14th-Century Flanders: Jan van Eyck, The Virgin of Chancellor Rolin

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Jan van Eyck’s Rolin Madonna presents a series of objects and surfaces: a fur-lined damask robe, ceramic tiles, a golden crown, stone columns, warm flesh, flowers, translucent glass, and a reflective body of water. Even the air above the distant river seems palpable. The painting is a careful study of how light reacts to the varying textures. But the scene is an imagined one. Before a kneeling man the Virgin presents on her lap the Christ child, and an angel holds a crown above her. No eye contact is made. It is as if we are seeing what the man has in his mind’s eye as he prays from the book in front of him.