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Nicolaus Copernicus was the man who started the heliocentric theory. He made this discovery on March 9th, 1497. He was making a more accurate calendar when he noticed that it is easier to calculate the time when the sun is the center of the universe. He stated his theory and more people started to believe it. He died in on May 24, 1543.

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Andreas Vesalius revolutionized the study of biology and the practice of medicine as well as the careful description of human anatomy. Based off his dissections he wrote and illustrated the first textbook of human anatomy. He wrote his book in 1543 at the age of 29. He believed that our skeletons were the framework of our body

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Sir Francis Bacon was an English Philosopher. He wrote a book called Novum Organum. The title is a reference to Aristotle's work. In the book he talks about logic and old ways of syllogism. The method is known as Baconism. It also says that theory's must be supported by proof acquired by experimentation and observation.

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Galileo Galilei was an Italian mathematician and scientist. He was the first person to use telescopes for astronomy. He described the surface of the moon and rotation of Jupiter's moon. He also created the basic laws of motion from experimentation. He was arrested and was forced to recant the endorsement of the heliocentric theory.

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Johannes Kepler was a German mathematician and Astronomer. He accepts the heliocentric theory after examining data gathered by a Danish astronomer named Tycho Brahe. He wrote a book explaining that the orbits of the planets are elliptical and not circular like Copernicus said. The book is called "New Astronomy".

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William Harvey was a English Physician and anatomist. He discovered the circulation of blood and describes the purpose of many parts in our bodies such as arteries, veins, and the heart. He wrote more information in his book called "On the motion of the heart and blood in animals".

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Rene Descartes was a French philosopher and mathematician. He developed analytic geometry and some other mathematical techniques useful for theoretical science. He believes that mathematical proof is the model for rational science inquiry. He wrote a book about the importance of accepting indubitable evidence.

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Robert Boyle was a Irish Physicist and a chemist. He investigated the properties of air and developed a theory describing the relationship between the pressure and volume of gasses. It is known as "Boyles Law". In the book "The Skeptical Chemist" he questions the belief that the world is just made of four elements. Those elements are Earth, Air, Water, and Fire. He argues that they can be broken down into more fundamental chemical elements.

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Christiaan Huygens was a Dutch Physicist and astronomer. He proposed the wave theory of light and discovered the rings of Saturn. He also built the first reliable pendulum clock originally Galileo's idea.

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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch Biologist. He designed the microscope and he used it to discover things not visible to the naked eye. An example of some of those things are bacteria, protozoa, spermatozoa, and blood corpuscles.

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Isaac Newton was a English Physicist and mathematician. He was one of the greatest theoretical scientists in history. He discovered the law of gravitation after studying Kepler's laws of planetary motion. He formulated the three laws of motion. It formed the basis of physics until the 20th century. It was called Newtonian Mechanics. He also invented the reflecting telescope which is a telescope that has a curved mirror to focus light and created calculus.

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Antione Lavoisier was a French Chemist. In "Elementary Treatise on Chemistry" he described the constituent gasses of air. He called the two most significant gasses oxygen and nitrogen. He also showed that combustion can only happen in the presence of air. He discovered the modern system for naming chemical compounds and proposed that matter is never destroyed in chemical reactions in his book "Laws of Conservation of Matter"