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1. Spatial patterns & Interrelationships between indicators

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1. Spatial patterns & Interrelationships between indicators

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There are a lot of spatial patterns and interrelationships between the total fertility rate and rate of natural increase. The map indicates that developing countries like Niger, Pakistan, India, Mongolia, Iraq, Indonesia, etc have a high fertility rate (from 2.1 to 7).  However, Developed countries like Italy, Canada, Germany, New Zealand, Ireland have a low fertility rate (from 1.2 to 1.7).  Due to education not being as advanced in developing countries as developed countries, they are not educated on how to make the best choices when having children and doing family planning. When it comes to the rate of natural increase, it is also higher in developing countries compared to developed countries. In developing countries such as Niger, Madagascar, India, Pakistan, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Iraq, Indonesia, Peru, Benin, etc, the rate of natural increase is from 0.8% to 3.4%. In developed countries such as Canada, Ireland, Iceland, Japan, New Zealand, Sweden, Germany, etc, the rate of natural increase ranges from 0.1% to 0.7%. This shows that in developed countries, there are more people dying than being born. However, the population is vastly growing in developing countries because there are more people being born than dying. Another reason the population is growing way more in the developing countries is that there is not as much availability of birth control and there is also less information and awareness regarding it. In some developing countries, girls and women may not have high access to education as well, which would result in a high number of births. Overall, when observing the total fertility rate and rate of natural increase of the selected countries, there are several spatial patterns present.

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2. Why might these patterns exist and how do they connect to quality of life in various countries and regions?

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2. Why might these patterns exist and how do they connect to quality of life in various countries and regions?

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Spatial patterns exist to show the differences among countries and arrange specific countries on the Earth. Spatial patterns help point out the differences between countries when it comes to the quality of life. By looking at these patterns, we can understand which countries need to make their quality of life better and how they can make it better. It also points out which countries already have an improved quality of life. The total fertility rate and the rate of natural increase are highly dependent on the quality of life within each country. The fertility rate and the rate of natural increase are higher in countries that do not have the best quality of life (developing countries). However, countries that do have the best quality of life have a low total fertility rate and rate of natural increase (developed countries). Having a better quality of life encourages people to do an improved family planning and have less children or have children later on in life than early. To sum it up, spatial patterns exist in order to help us see the various differences between the countries all over the world.

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3. Importance of understanding these spatial patterns (why do we care?)

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3. Importance of understanding these spatial patterns (why do we care?)

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It is important to understand these spatial patterns because they can help us come up with ways to resolve political, social, and economic issues and to construct sustainable communities. It is necessary for us to be aware of the aspects that influence the quality of life of people, and figure out ways to improve it. It can be improved by having a decent quantity of freedom, healthcare, safety, security, respect, education, and employment. People are in need of sufficient health care, consisting of supplies and other resources to help them out in their life. Nevertheless, every country does not have the same availability of resources, which can change if we start to understand spatial patterns more and make changes based on what we observe.

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Rate of Natural Increase for Selected Countries

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Rate of Natural Increase for Selected Countries

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Rate of Natural increase (%) vs. Country

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Total Fertility Rate for Selected Countries

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Total Fertility Rate for Selected Countries

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Pakistan is at stage 2 of the demographic transition model because the birth rate is high, and there is a fall in the death rate since more people are living in middle age. The birth rate for males is 6.4%, and 6.0% (aged 0-4) for females (total= 12.4%). The birth rate is increasing by 12.4% because of particular aspects like better healthcare, sanitation, and cleaner water. Most people are managing to live up to 75-79 and some are reaching up to 80-84, and 85-89. This indicates that there is a slightly high life expectancy in Pakistan.

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India is at stage 3 of the demographic transition model in 2022 because its birth rate is declining since it is not as high compared to how high it was before. The birth rate for males (aged 0-4) is 4.4% and 4.0% for females (Total= 8.4%). The birth rate is declining as a result of particular factors like women stepping into the work force more, women getting greater availability to education, and a decline in child mortality. The death rate is low since most people are managing to live up to 80-84, and some are managing to live up to 85-89.

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Italy is at stage 4 of the demographic transition model in 2022 because both the birth rate and the death rate is low. The birth rate for males is 1.9% (aged 0-4) and the birth rate for females is 1.8% (total= 3.7%), which is low compared to other countries. The death rate is also low since most people are able to live up to the age of 80-84 or 85-89, and some are even able to manage to live up to 90-94 or 95-99. Many people living for longer indicates that there is a longer life expectancy. The dependency load for young is 12.7% and 23.8% for old; in total it is 36.5%. This shows that the dependency load is high for Italy, which makes it fit into stage 4.