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Charles Darwin was a man who preached the belief of "survival of the fittest". The principle of common descent is based on the idea that all of the organisms present on the Earth have evolved from a common ancestor, each species having diverged from a common ancestor in the past. A group of related genes that specify regions of the body plan of an embryo along the head-tail axis of animals is termed as hox genes.

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1. Evolution

Changes in a species' genetic code overtime.

2. Natural selection

The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

3. Genotype

The genetic info of an organism.

4. Mutations

The changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations.

5. Fitness

A species’ ability to survive and reproduce successfully in their environment.

6. Uniformitarianism

The theory stating that the changes in Earth’s crust are the result of continuous uniform processes.

7. Adaptation

A new characteristic that allows an organism to survive in it's environment.

8. Founder effect

Reduced genetic diversity that occurs when a population descends from a small number of colonizing ancestors.

9. Acquired characteristics

Traits that change during an organism's life span via the organism, according to Lamarck.

10. Molecular clock

Term for a technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged.

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✰ List the five steps in the speciation of the Galapagos finches

Founding of a new population, Geographic isolation, Changes in new population’s gene pool, behavioral isolation, Ecological competition

✰ Describe how Darwin’s ideas about Natural Selection explain how some animals have similar appearances.

It explains that more individuals are produced each generation that can survive due to adaptations that allow them to survive.

✰ What individuals tend to survive and thrive in an environment?

Those that are best adapted with the higher fitness.

✰ Which features of the finches did Darwin and the Grants study to demonstrate natural selection?

Their beaks.

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Humanity's knowledge of biological processes have undergone many significant phases overtime. Undoubtedly, a notable event within this history concerns Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution. As consistent towards the vast majority of scientific hypotheses, an ever-fluctuating mixture of skeptics and supporters flock in on Darwin's famous theory. Many may recall hearing conservation revolving around the idea of humans originating as monkeys - what if I told you that was a direct hypothesis from Darwin's Theory of Evolution?