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Alkanes are chemical compounds that consist of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms, so they are also called hydrocarbons. The chemical structure of alkanes only consists of single bonds.

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Due to very little difference of electronegativity between carbon and hydrogen and covalent nature of C-C bond or C-H bond, alkanes are generally non-polar molecules.

The straight-chain alkanes are observed to have a higher boiling point in comparison to their structural isomers.

The melting point of alkanes follow the same trend as their boiling point that is, it increases with increase in molecular weight.

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-Combustion is the most important reaction of alkanes. Alkanes burn in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water vapor.

-The halogenation of alkanes forms haloalkanes via free radical reaction mechanism.

- Application of alkanes is in oxidation reactions, they are used in internal combustion engines as fuel.

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-Methane, ethane, propane, and butane are gases at room
temperature and used as fuels.

-Alkanes with 5-15 carbon atoms are liquids and found in gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels.

-Alkanes with 16 or more carbon atoms are solids and found in the waxy coatings of fruits and vegetables.

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GCSE Chemistry - What is a Hydrocarbon? What are Alkanes? Hydrocarbons and Alkanes Explained #51

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The simplest alkane is methane, which is made of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms.

Larger alkanes have two or more carbon atoms connected or bonded together in a chain.

The alkane's general formula is CnH2n+2.

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