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Due to language barriers, immigrants may feel lonely, helpless, and antisocial, which frequently causes depression.

The language barrier of their parents also affects young refugees. If their parents have trouble communicating in English, the kids are frequently forced to act as interpreters and assume additional responsibilities at home.

The majority of employment in Canada need either English or French.

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Winters in Canada is bitterly cold, with significant amounts of snowfall in some regions.

For immigrants who have just relocated from a country where it is warmer and the winters are not as severe, this may make life challenging both inside and outside the home and need a lot of getting accustomed to.

Affected biologically during winter

Limited financial resources

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Though many new immigrants worked in their chosen fields in their home countries, upon arrival in Canada, they frequently find themselves unable to do so - not only due to different rules and regulations, but also because most jobs require applicants to have Canadian work experience to even be considered.

For immigrants, the necessity for prior experience offers a challenge: they can't be employed unless they have Canadian experience, and they can't get that experience unless they are hired. As a result, many immigrants are sometimes forced to change careers or remain in professions they managed to take on to gain experience or make a livelihood.

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Settlement Program
Sponsorship Agreement Holder
Senior Program
Dress for Success Program
English Conversation Circle
Assistance with Resume/CV
Child and Family Centre
Services provided in- English, Spanish, Arabic, Urdu, Punjabi, Hindi, Amharic

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Delivered Fresh Food

IT workshops

Settlement Services

Child and Family Program were running virtually

Senior Programs were running virtually

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What future actions do you imagine taking to improve the issue?

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“19 days” by Asha Siad, Roda Siad, National Film Board - https://www.nfb.ca/film/19_days/#:~:text=This%20short%20documentary%20follows%20several,has%20suddenly%20become%20their%20home

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Challenges Facing Canadian Immigrants

Culture Shock

One of the challenges Canadian immigrants face is culture shock. Culture shock is the impact of having to change from one's culture to another one that is not familiar (University of Washington, 2021). The shock comes from meeting many new people, a new environment, and learning an unfamiliar way of doing things. The shock as well is developed from leaving behind essential people in one's life, such as teachers, colleagues, family, and friends (University of Washington, 2021). It impacts their emotional, intellectual, and physical lives.

Culture shock also affects immigrants intellectually because they have to learn a new language. Basically, moving to a new country involves missing loved ones and socializing with new people who may not offer the emotional support as family and friends would (Stewart & Leggat, 2012). Such causes one to suffer emotionally. Learning and speaking a new language may also be tiresome. For example, international students from countries that do not speak English may have trouble understanding learning materials in English, when they come to Canada.

Immigrants facing culture shock as well suffer emotionally. Immigrants are affected physically by culture shock in that they have to adjust to the new climate, especially the extremely cold winter months that we have here Canada which may cause some physical illnesses.  In comparison to many other countries, Canada's climate can be significantly varied. Winters in Canada can frequently be bitterly cold, with significant amounts of snowfall in some regions. If you recently relocated from a nation where the winters are warmer and it doesn't get as cold, this might make living challenging both inside and outside the home and take some getting used to. This can make even simple tasks like driving more challenging, especially if you don't know how to drive on slippery roads or lack winter tyres for your car. Ali Najaf, for instance, in the article “The Culture Shock of Western Canada” (2019) describes his stay in Canada and how he had to adjust to the western lifestyle as a Muslim. For example, he states he had to learn how to do his laundry, which he never did back in Singapore.

Overcoming homesickness for one's birth country

Nothing compares to the Canadian immigration process, and Canada can be very different from your home country. Overcoming homesickness can take time and effort, and many people may feel separated from their family and friends during the Canadian immigration process. The government is helping immigrants deal with culture shock by channeling support to institutions to support the cultural sector. The institutions then train immigrants on what to expect when they arrive in the country. An example of such an organization is the Somali Immigrants Aid Organization.

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Discrimination

Another challenge Canadian immigrants face is discrimination. Discrimination is an issue the government is doing great at trying to eradicate. For instance, it has passed several legislations to try to put an end to discrimination.  Even though Canada has laws against discrimination based on race, nationality, or religion, these rules are not always obeyed by all Canadians. Indeed, there have been reports of immigrants being discriminated against due of their immigration status, even after becoming permanent citizens of Canada. This could range from people mistaking them for illegal employees since they have recently arrived in Canada to having difficulty obtaining work or getting particular positions due to racial profiling. As a result of this discrimination, many recently arriving migrants frequently find it difficult to find work in Canada.

Immigrants face discrimination based on their religion, ethnicity, and race. Immigrants also face discrimination once they are settled in the country, especially when it comes to job hunting. They may find it challenging to find a job, and once they get one, they are paid lower wages. Discrimination also comes from the immigration status of an individual, where it may be assumed they are undocumented since they may just have arrived in Canada.

Discrimination against immigrants affects them in many ways. For instance, due to being discriminated against in finding work, they may end up struggling to meet their basic needs, such as food, shelter, and education. They end up getting frustrated, which may lead to mental illnesses. Paulo Castro, in the article “Welcome to Canada? Three migrant students tell their stories” by Quereshi, Osezua and Gravesande (2018) arrived in Canada in 2016 as an international student from Columbia. She states that one of the struggles she dealt with was discrimination. Castro has faced discrimination in public based on her race. She was asked if she was a maid at the large houses where she lived. Her story is an example of the discrimination immigrants face.

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IMMIGRANTS ARE FACING LONG IMMIGRATION WAIT TIMES

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IMMIGRANTS ARE FACING LONG IMMIGRATION WAIT TIMES

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Ongoing immigration delays leave nearly a million waiting to become citizens and permanent residents
In total, more than 1.8 million immigration applications are waiting to be processed According to data received from the Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) department, the country had a backlog of more than 1.8 million immigration applications  including:
519,030 permanent residence applications,
158,778 refugee applications.
848,598 temporary residence applications.
448,000 Canadian citizenship applications.
Canada’s immigration process can be long Canada can require a lot of patience and commitment from its immigrants.  In some cases, the Canadian immigration process can take years Canadian immigration laws can seem difficult to understand for people who don’t speak English or French very well.  And new Canadians may not have access to all of the resources they need during this time new Canadians can feel overwhelmed by everything that needs to be done in order to settle into their new lives here. Canada boasts of its reputation for hospitality to newcomers globally. In fact, about 20 percent of Canada’s population tends to be foreign-born (Ramitbee, 2022). However, the issue of long waiting times to be granted permanent residence cards upon application continues to be a major problem facing Canadian immigrants. The waiting times continue to hit high numbers despite the assurances by the government that it is dealing with the problem. Statistically, in 2021, the government projected that it will have an additional 411,000 new permanent residents in 2022 (Ramitbee, 2022). However, this projection has not materialized due to the high number of individuals on the immigration department’s waiting list.

There are various measures that are being put in place by the Canadian government to curb this issue. For one, the Canadian government, via the immigration ministry set aside $85 million to be pushed into lessening the immigration delays (Ramitbee, 2022). Besides, the use of the new residency application tracker will aid immigrants to keep tabs on their application status. In a move to lessen the immigration delays, the Immigration department also resulted into pausing the invitations for Express Entry Draws for FSWP applicants and Canadian Express Class (CEC) applicants. However, this move has been with various drawbacks such as the loss of employment by some CEC candidates with some even moving out of Canada. Recently, according to CIC News, the government has also hired additional employees to help solve the issue of processing backlogs (Robitaille, 2022).

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Care for Newcomer Children (CNC)

Health and Nutrition

Settlement

Mental Health

Youth Opportunities

Youth Settlement

Language Institution for Newcomers Programs (LINC)

Youth Opportunities

Pre-Employment Training (PET)

Field Placement Students

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There is a serious housing crisis for new immigrants and everyone. Canada is country for immigrants and the immigration is major reason behind the population growth that determines the demand for shelter and housing. There is a lack of affordable housing in many regions across Canada due to high demand over limited supply which makes the housing very expensive. For instance, the first thing new immigrants look for when they come to Canada is accommodation, most of the time they go to hotels or motels spending their savings in the first few weeks if not months before finding the right accommodation for them.

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Many Canadians are spending more than 30% of their income on housing which is financial struggle for Canadian households. During Covid-19, the home sales market was almost frozen at the beginning of year 2020 due to lockdown, the government and the banks responded by mortgage deferral program and decrease the mortgage interest rates for new buyers. as results of that the market sales goes up to normal quickly by the end of the year 2020.
Due immigration backlog during Covid-19, Today Canada's plan to welcome 1.5M new citizens by 2027,

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1- What are some efforts and strategies Canadian government needs to implement to balance the market housing prices?
2- What are some investments and programs available from Canadian government to make housing affordable for everyone!
3- What are some strategies to do for new immigrants to help them find accommodation faster?

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The next barrier that many new immigrants commonly face when starting new life In Canada is finding suitable employment. Finding a job is a great challenge for the new immigrants because of barriers such as lack of speaking English language, lack of the Canadian experience, credentialism, discrimination and minimum wage jobs.

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According to the federal government Canada’s unemployment rate dropped to its lowest level since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in March.
The Statistics Canada Labour Market Survey recorded unemployment of 7.5 percent.

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-The new immigrants must apply for provincial health card and the waiting period can go up to three months.
-There is a bad waiting period for Canadians for surgery, diagnostic imaging and other procedures.
-It was devastating situation, 115500  health care workers have died from covid-19.
-Seniors accounted for the majority of excess deaths in Canada during the first 15 months of the pandemic.
-Health care disparities during Covid-19, (Vaccines, access to care, medications, childcare, laptops.....)

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Newcomer Women Services offered many programs and services for new immigrants such as:
-Employment Services ( career coaching, resume makeover, first aid, CPR certificate, food handler certificate training).
-Youth job connection/youth job connection summer
-Sister2Sister advanced leadership program/ Sister2Sister community leadership program
-Settlement programs/English programs

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Recommendations

There are several steps the government can take to help immigrants deal with the challenges presented above. For example, it should support organizations that handle immigrant problems more, for example, the Somali Immigrant Aid Organization, Newcomer Women's Services, and Northwood Neighbourhood Services which have set measures to help immigrants deal with their challenges. Notably, due to the difficulties, immigrants deal with mental illnesses like depression, anxiety, and stress.

Another recommendation is to have the government organize sensitization crusades where the public is educated on the issues immigrants face and how instead of perpetrating some of the problems, Canadians who are citizens by birth can support the immigrants. In addition to the above recommendations, the government can offer more mental health services to immigrants. Access to healthcare is expensive, especially in Canada. Thus, to save the immigrants from the extra burden, the government can offer them free mental health services like counseling.

Finally, the Canadian Government should implement some strategies to balance housing market prices for instance,
build more affordable housing, build mixed-income housing, rent-to-buy programs, set limits of increased rent from landlords and companies, make more housing options and impose the corporations and builders paying taxes.

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https://www.msn.com/en-ca/news/canada/anxiety-spikes-over-housing-amid-canadas-plan-to-welcome-15m-new-citizens-by-2027/ar-AA13RzIb
https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/media-newsroom/news-releases/2021/housing-markets-during-covid-19
https://financialpost.com/personal-finance/mortgages-real-estate/canada-housing-costs
https://www.immigration.ca/canadas-unemployment-rate-of-7-5-lowest-since-before-covid-19-struck/
https://www.immigration.ca/canadas-unemployment-rate-of-7-5-lowest-since-before-covid-19-struck/
https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/75-006-x/2021001/article/00008-eng.htm

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cbc.ca 5 days ago Yvette Brend

Finding enough workers to assemble pre-built walls and floors at the Etobicoke plant where Paul Askett manages manufacturing is a grind.

He's hoping that a record wave of new Canadians expected over the next three years will help. Demand for the factory's product - installed in Ontario housing - is surging, but Askett says the assembly floor crew is usually short by about 10 per cent.

"It's definitely been a hurdle. That's for sure. The pandemic has kind of changed everything for us," said Askett, the vice-president of manufacturing for Brockport Home Systems.

This construction business is one of many sectors struggling to find workers, with about one million jobs sitting vacant across the country.

To help, Canada has just announced record immigration targets - 1.5-million new Canadians within the next three years - with plans to bring in 500,000 people in 2025. Federal officials say that will help boost the economy, but the targets have also spiked anxiety about where all these new citizens will make their homes, given the country's ongoing housing crisis.

Newcomers need more than just housing

Askett says he's encouraged by the new targets as his company often hires and trains new Canadians.

"For us it's definitely positive news," he said. "Yeah, we look forward to any newcomers because we can coach, we can train and advance people and hopefully give them gainful employment."

Vancouver property tax expert Paul Sullivan, of Ryan ULC, a global business tax software and real estate consulting firm, says Canada needs a better plan to both boost a battered economy and ensure there's enough housing and services for incoming Canadians.

"We build approximately 265,000 homes per year. And here we are talking about 500,000 immigrants coming in per year. We're under supplied before we even talk about this immigrant influx," said Sullivan.

"It's not just houses, it's daycares, it's transit, it's hospitals. What's the plan, guys? Like, you can't just keep throwing people at it."

New immigrants won't impact home prices: expert

While some worry that a record influx of new citizens will spike house prices even higher - data experts say that fear has no solid foundation.

Murtaza Haider, director of the Urban Analytics Institute at Toronto Metropolitan University, studies the data around immigration and real estate in Canada.

Haider says previous studies suggest the federal plan to up immigration by about 150,000 to 200,000 extra people per year (living in households of three or four), will have little impact.

"My guess is that most new immigrants will ... not have cash or enough savings to go and start buying homes," he said.

"I don't expect them to exert pressure on housing prices as much, but more so on the rental demand."

Haider said it takes about two or three years for new immigrants to become active in the ownership cycle.

"So if we're bringing in half a million immigrants in 2023 and another half a million in 2024, I would assume that they would be putting pressure on ownership or owned housing in the year to 2026, 2027."

He said past studies - and the experience during lock downs when housing markets overheated during the pandemic, when immigration was frozen - prove immigration is not what spikes housing costs.

"By December 2020 we had an unprecedented increase in housing prices in Canada at a time when there was almost zero immigration because airports were closed."

Housing shortage goes back decades

Haider believes the real cause of the housing shortage is a systemic failure to ensure enough stock was constructed, a problem he says goes back decades.

"Governments have woken up to the realization that we have not built enough housing at the bottom," he said.

BuildForce Canada, an organization that studies labour force data for the construction industry, forecasts that the Canadian construction industry will need more than 1.2-million workers and need to recruit 171,850 workers by 2027. They expect to be short by 29,000 workers once baby boomers retire.

The construction industry will be short nearly 29,000 workers by 2027

Between 2016 and 2021, immigrants made up four-fifths of Canada's labour force growth. More than half of recent immigrants - 748,120 of the 1.3 million people admitted to Canada between 2016 and 2021 - entered the country under the economic category.

"Immigration is the primary driver of population growth in Canada. Now, in order for us and our economy and businesses to grow, they need more workers," said Haider.

Ricardo Tranjan, a political economist and senior researcher with the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, says vigorous immigration is crucial to more than just the construction industry; newcomers infuse the economy with life, he says, and Canada has always relied on immigration to meet labour force needs.

"The labour shortage that we are seeing right now - which is one of the factors that is impacting the rise in inflation - is in part due to the fact that in the past couple of years we have not welcomed enough immigrants into the country. So the fact that we are going to have high targets and try to attract more, it's good news."

Census figures released last month revealed that immigrants and permanent residents now account for 23 per cent of Canada's population - an all-time high.

According to Statistics Canada, immigrants who arrived between 2016 and 2021 are younger on average than the rest of the population and have been critical to filling jobs.

Initial pressure will be in rental market

Economists say any pressure on housing markets from incoming Canadians initially shows up in rental markets, and Tranjan said stricter vacancy and rent controls could help alleviate soaring rents.

"Canada has very loose legislation around increases in rents in many provinces," he said.

"Rents can go up by any amount from one year to another. Almost no provinces have rent controls on vacant units and all of that really drives the prices up."

Tsur Somerville, professor at the Sauder School of Business Strategy, says that historically, newcomers settle in cities like Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver, where housing markets are already stressed, so concern about what increased immigration means for housing is not out of place.

"If you bring in a lot of people who are competing in the market, folks at the bottom, the poorest folks are going to be the ones who really get hurt," he said.

Though some municipalities are already streamlining building approvals, or now allowing laneway homes to increase density, more rental units are needed, according to experts and builders.

But builders say they can't help ease the housing crunch without workers.

Tad Putyra, president of Great Gulf Low Rise, the parent company of the chronically short-staffed Etobicoke pre-fab plant Brockport Home Systems, says the pre-built walls and floors they manufacture help offset the lack of skilled trade workers on construction sites because the product can be built no matter the weather, but not without workers.

That's why he applauds Canada's record-high immigration targets, saying it's good for business.

"You know it's a chicken and egg situation," he said. "We need people to build the houses which eventually will be occupied, you know, by the people who build them and vice versa."

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Anxiety spikes over housing amid Canada's plan to welcome 1.5M new citizens by 2027

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Those within the construction industry are applauding Canada's plan to welcome 1.5-million new Canadians within the next three years, with record immigration targets that officials say that will help boost the economy. The targets have also spiked anxiety about where these new citizens will make their homes, given the ongoing housing crisis.

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https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/refugees/help-outside-canada/private-sponsorship-program/assessments/responsibilities.htmlhttps://www.greentechresources.ca/canadian-immigration-challenges/
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-for-many-newcomers-canadian-experience-remains-a-barrier-to-meaningful/
https://brycs.org/migration-resettlement-awareness/language-integration-barriers-perspectives-from-refugee-youth/
https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/ec96eaf06e9a46879a8d7f03df55e311

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If you are considering immigrating to Canada, it can be worth reading this blog post. It contains some helpful advice about the particular challenges that can arise when moving to Canada and can help give you an idea of what you will face during your immigration journey.

What are the challenges immigrants face in Canada?

The difficulty of finding a job in Canada

The most significant challenge for most people who move to Canada is finding employment opportunities that match their skillset and experience. There is a very strong demand for skilled workers all across Canada poor, but there aren't always enough applicants with the right qualifications or experience.

This can lead to job prospects for those who have migrated to Canada looking for work. This can be frustrating and discouraging and can leave many people feeling very disillusioned during their immigration process.

It is a lot easier to settle in Canada if you can use your existing knowledge and skills in Canada, but can be particularly difficult when overseas qualifications don't have the same credibility in Canada.
Click to find a job in Canada
English or French is required for most Canadian jobs. In fact, it can be one of the main requirements for a job description. In some cases, you can get around this by doing what's called an "official equivalency assessment," where they compare your education from your country with that from Canada to see whether they are at least equivalent.

However, this can take several months to complete and sometimes doesn't work out favorably for applicants hoping to immigrate to Canada.

Lack of resources, including lack of access to public services and social programs

Canada has a very different system when it comes to healthcare, education, and even social assistance in comparison with other countries.

For example, Canada offers free healthcare through the Canadian national healthcare service. However, without a Canadian work visa or Canadian citizenship, people who have moved to Canada may not be able to take advantage of these services.

There could also be problems accessing particular public services if you move from one province in Canada to another where they have different rules for immigration status and residency requirements.

In addition, undocumented immigrants are unable to receive welfare funds from the government. means that many newly arrived migrants struggle with Canada and can't afford basic necessities.

Finding affordable housing in Canada

One of the biggest difficulties faced by those who move to Canada is finding suitable accommodation - especially those who can't access Canadian work visas or residency cards.

There is a lot of demand for rental properties across Canada, but few places where people can access them without Canadian citizenship or Canadian work permits.

It can also take some time before an immigrant to Canada will be able to receive social assistance from the government due to immigration status, and this makes it difficult for migrants to cover their living costs until they find employment or another source of income.

As such, many cannot even afford basic essentials like food and heating during this period which can make life very difficult for them.

Getting used to the cold weather, including snow and ice

Canada can be very different with regards to the climate in comparison with many other countries. The Canadian climate can often be very cold during the winter months, with high levels of snowfall in some parts of the country.

This can make life difficult both inside and outside the home and can take a lot of getting used to if you have just moved from a warmer country where it doesn't get so cold.

Even things like driving can be more complicated because of this - especially if you don't know how to drive on icy roads or need winter tires for your car!

Overcoming homesickness for one's country of origin

There is nothing quite like the Canadian immigration process and Canada can be very different in comparison to your home country. It can take time and effort to overcome homesickness and can leave many people feeling isolated from their family and friends throughout the Canadian immigration process.

The difficulties of obtaining a Canadian driver's license and car insurance

In order to obtain a Canadian driver's license - which is required for driving around Canada - you need to be at least 16 years old.

In addition, even if you have an existing European license, this will not automatically translate into a Canadian one. Instead, you will have to do a full test.

Similarly, owning a car isn't always easy without Canadian citizenship or permanent residency since cars are very expensive in Canada, and Canadian insurance is required for all cars on the road.

Even then, Canadian roads can be very different from home with regards to driving style and it can take a while to become fully accustomed to this.

Dealing with discrimination

Even though Canada has laws against discrimination based on race, ethnicity, or religion - these laws aren't always followed by everyone in Canada there.

In fact, have been cases of immigrants being discriminated against because of their immigration status even after they become permanent residents of Canada.

This could involve anything from people assuming that they are undocumented workers because they have just arrived in Canada to having problems finding work or getting certain jobs due to racial profiling. This means that many newly arrived migrants often can't get Canadian jobs because of this discrimination.

Learning about Canadian culture & history

Canada has its own unique culture and history, which can make Canada's immigration process even more challenging.

It can be difficult for people to feel at home in Canada without knowing about the country's values, perspectives, and social norms - especially if you aren't able to engage with Canadian society early on during your time here.

This can mean that migrants don't always integrate into Canadian society like they would like to - which can be frustrating after all of their efforts during the immigration process.

Learning the laws of Canada

Having knowledge of the Laws of Canada is essential for everyone living in this country since it enables them to understand how things work here Canada can be very different from many other countries.

For example, Canadian laws can often seem strange or unusual to people who have just arrived in this country because of cultural differences. Very few Canadians even know about all of Canada's laws, let alone the fact that they can change.

This means that immigrants need to take steps during Canada's immigration process in order to familiarise themselves with these rules and regulations before starting their lives here.

Friends and family members moving to Canada

The immigration process can be even more challenging for those who move to Canada along with friends or family members.

In addition to having to deal with the same challenges as everyone else during the Canadian immigration process, it can also feel like you are being abandoned by your loved ones Canada can feel like a long-distance from family or friends can make the immigration process even more challenging.

Poor integration into Canadian society

Canada is often seen as one of the most multicultural and diverse countries in Canada can seem very different depending on where you live.

And since many people living in Canada immigrated here at some point during their lives, they can be unwilling to help migrants integrate into Canadian society new Canadians need access to social support systems and other community programs, but these services aren't always available everywhere.

This means that it can sometimes take longer for migrants to become fully integrated into Canadian society - which isn't always easy.

The immigration process is long and complicated

Canada's immigration process can be long Canada can require a lot of patience and commitment from its immigrants.

In some cases, the Canadian immigration process can take years Canadian immigration laws can seem difficult to understand for people who don't speak English or French very well.

And new Canadians may not have access to all of the resources they need during this time new Canadians can feel overwhelmed by everything that needs to be done in order to settle into their new lives here.

How to get immigration in Canada in an easier way

There are many immigration challenges in Canada to newcomers, but with the help of an immigration consultancy, most of your Canada immigration problems can be professionally handled. Click here to know more.
Conclusion
There are many challenges that come with moving to Canada. The language barrier, the lack of access to public services and social programs, finding affordable housing in Canada, getting used to the cold weather - including snow and ice, overcoming homesickness for one's country of origin, and learning about Canadian culture & history can all be difficult tasks.

It is important not only to find a job but also to integrate into society as best possible. This requires time and patience; we hope that this blog post has given you some insight into how your new life in Canada might look like! We want you to succeed here so please don't hesitate to contact us if there is anything else we can do for you!

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Top 12 Canadian Immigration Challenges Every Newcomer Has To Face - GreenTech

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If you are considering immigrating to Canada, it can be worth reading this blog post. It contains some helpful advice about the particular challenges that can arise when moving to Canada and can help give you an idea of what you will face during your immigration journey.

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GreenTech. (2021). Top 12 Canadian immigration challenges every newcomer has to face. https://www.greentechresources.ca/canadian-immigration-challenges/

Hwang, P. K. (2022). Where is officer DM10032? Applicants stumped, stranded by idle immigration worker. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/immigration-permanent-residency-applicants-dm10032-1.6317882

Najaf, A. (2019). The culture shock of Western Canada. Macleans.ca. https://www.macleans.ca/education/the-culture-shock-of-western-canada/

Quereshi, S., Osezua, M., & Gravesande, V. (2018). Welcome to Canada? Three migrant students tell their stories. The Charlatan, Carleton's independent newspaper. https://charlatan.ca/2018/09/06/welcome-to-canada-three-migrant-students-tell-their-stories/

Somali Immigrant Aid Organization. (2022). Our Services. https://siao.ca/#

Stewart, L., & Leggat, P. A. (2012). Culture shock and travellers. Journal of Travel Medicine, 5(2), 84-88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8305.1998.tb00469.x

The University of Washington. (2021). International students and cultural shock. Counseling Center. https://www.washington.edu/counseling/resources-for-students/international-students-and-cultural-shock/