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Edith Cavell was a British nurse who joined the Red Cross at the outbreak of the war. She saved the lives of soldiers from both sides, treating all without prejudice. Arrested by the Germans for having helped 200 Allied soldiers escape from Belgium to the Netherlands, she was sentenced to death and executed in October 1915.

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Dame Helen Charlotte Isabella Gwynne-Vaughan

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Dame Helen Charlotte Isabella Gwynne-Vaughan

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Dame Helen Charlotte Isabella Gwynne-Vaughan was an English botanist and mycologist, and in 1917, she was appointed Controller of the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) in France, an organization she helped create. She became the first woman to receive a military Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1918. She served as Commandant of the Women’s Royal Air Force (WRAF) from September 1918 until December 1919. For her wartime achievements she was made a Dame of the British Empire (DBE).

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Mildred Aldrich was a journalist, editor and writer from Rhode Island, who, in 1898, moved to France where she worked as a foreign correspondent and translator. Her wartime journal and letters to her American friends about the First Battle of the Marne constitute her book A Hilltop on the Marne (1915), the first of four books comprised of her wartime letters. She presciently wrote to Gertrude Stein before the war began, “It will be the bloodiest affair the world has ever seen – a war in the air, under the sea as well as on it, and carried out with the most effective man-slaughtering machines ever used in battle.” France believed her books influenced America to enter the war and awarded her the Legion d’honneur in 1922.

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Edith Wharton was an American novelist living in self-imposed exile in France when the war broke out. She was one of the few foreigners allowed to travel to the French front lines during the WWI, thanks to her influential connections to the French government. She toured military hospitals and battlefields. In 1916 France named her a Chevalier of the Legion d’honneur in recognition of energetic fund-raising for refugees, and Belgium made her a Chevalier of the Order of Leopold.

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Evelina Haverfield was a British Suffragist and aid-worker, who is also known as the co-founder of the Women's Emergency Corps. In 1915, she volunteered to join the Scottish Women’s Hospitals in Serbia as a nurse, and after the war, she worked in a Serbian children orphanage.

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Flora Sandes was a British nurse in Serbia, as well as enlisted in the Serbian army. Sandes became known as the first and only British women to officially serve as a soldier. In 1916, she was seriously injured by a grenade and was awarded the highest decoration of the Serbian Military: the Order of the Karađorđe’s Star. Later on, she was also promoted to the rank of Sergeant Major, and then later to Captain.

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Elsie Inglis was a Scottish nurse and suffragist was known as the driving force in founding the Scottish Women's Unit in 1914. Said unit operated over a dozen hospitals from France to the Balkans. She served as a nurse in the first unit in Serbia and became a POW for a brief amount of time. She then organized the Scottish Women's Unit is Russia.

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Helen Fairchild was a nurse from Pennsylvania who staffed a unit on the Western Front at Passchendaele in Belgium. She is remembered because of her many letters home that preserved the details of a nurse’s life in the war.

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Mary Borden was an American-born heiress, novelist, and poet who was living in England in 1914. She was also awarded the French Croix de Guerre and Legion d’honneur for using her own money to create a mobile hospital unit on the Western Front. She served as a nurse until the end of the war and her experiences can be read through her writing.

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Julia Taufflieb was an American philanthropist and socialite who is known as the first American woman to be awarded the French Croix de Guerre and Legion d’honneur for converting the Chateau d'Annel into a 300-bed hospital near the front lines.