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Evangelicalism ->
- God made man to be a moral free agent, this technically means that we have free will which is contradictory to the more popular belief of predestination.

- Charles. Grandson Finney = an evangelist who believed in free will and led many revivals across the nation. A revival is the widespread and taking in of the gospel. He established a theology department at the newly founded. Oberlin College in Ohio

The Revival of Rochester, New York -> Charles Finney's largest accomplishment. Before this he brought to revival to smaller cities however he took on the challenge to spread the Word of God to Rochester which was the 18th largest population during the 1800s.

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Horace Mann -> The secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education raised education standards and lengthened the school year to assure the reach of educational requirements. She was also an elementary school teacher as she made these major advancements.

Dorthea Dix ->
-Using money from her grandparents she established many charity schools for unprivileged children and became a successful author.

-She later turned in a different direction and fought for federally sponsored asylums for the mentally ill and focused primarily on women patients. She led great reform in the rights of prisoners and in humane imprisonment.,

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Seneca Falls -> In 1848 the first Women's Rights Convention was held in Seneca Falls. Many Women that advocated for Women's Suffrage came together to discuss what they wanted and to create documents to support the cause.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucretia Mott -> These two women were in charge of organizing the first Women's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls. Both of these Women were well educated and fit to be in a position of leadership for the cause.

Declaration of Sentiments -> This was an official document which was created amongst the women of the first Women's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls. The document was inspired by the Declaration of Independence however it stressed the importance of the inclusion of women.

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Irish and Germans -> By 1850 in New York City the Irish numbered around 200,000 the Germans numbered to 110,000.  As these numbers grew New York City began to adapt to their cultures in certain areas. This included new foods and traditions in local areas and this was threatening to native New Yorkers.

Nativists ->
- Nativists are people who do not welcome new immigration into the area in which they reside. Due to the massive influx of Europeans into New York the nativist movement also began to grow.
- Employers also began to strictly hire natives.

Anti-immigrant gangs -> As the Nativist Movement grew it became more aggressive and gangs such as, Gangs of B'hoys assaulted Irish youth on the street.

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Commercialized Sex -> As the population of cities began to grow the need of money also grew especially for women. With this grew the amount of prostitution in big cities. Also the number of brothels sky-rocketed during the time period.

Minstrel Shows -> where white actors in blackface presented comic routines that combined racist caricature and social criticism. This was one of the most popular form of theatrical entertainment. John Dartmouth Rice also known as Jim Crow was one of the most popular acts in this genre. These shows would usually include song, dance and comedy.

The Female Moral Reform Society -> A reform movement which strived for the withering of prostitution in major cities. This movement was led by Lidia A. Finney in the early 19th century.

Temperance Movement -> The advocation for the abolishing of intoxicating Liquor. This soon led to the prohibition of alcohol which led to the smuggling of moonshine.

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Brigham Young -> A fellow mormon that led many into the Utah Territory after being driven out of the United States due to their practice of polygamy.

Mormon Trail -> This was the route that many mormons took when being driven out of United States territory and into the Mexican owned lands of Utah. This route begins in Utah which is the birth place of the religion.

Religious Persecution -> out of all the Utopian societies Mormonism brought on the biggest uproar due to their close-knit communities and patriarchal power, however most of all their practice of Polygamy. This is where it is socially allowed for a man to have more than the usual 1 wife. This enraged other protestant christian denominations.

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The Shakers -> The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing. They believed that Ann Lee Stanley was the incarnate of Christ and was the prophesied  second coming of Christ. Rebuked alcohol, tobacco, politics, war and sexual pleasure of any kind. They believed that God was both man and women and with this came equality and many willing female participants.

Oneida -> A community of perfectionists that relocated to Oneida, New York led by John Humphrey Noyes. They believed in the acceptance of young sexual relationships for pleasure. An Created Silverware to maintain a stable economy.

Perfectionism -> people can always be more godly and righteous, and they also believed that the Second Coming of Christ had already came.

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Transcendentalism -> def: an intellectual movement rooted in the religious soil of New England, it is the belief of a divine power controls everything and nature is the solution to all your problems, it is the response to rationalism.

Ralph Waldo Emerson -> The father of Transcendentalism believed that God was one being and that he can be found in nature. He alludes to this in all of his literature.

Henry David Thoreau -> took inspiration from Ralph Waldo Emerson and sought the natural world. He wrote life in the woods which described his life away from the industrialization in America after searching for solitude to cope from the loss of his brother. He advocated for rational thinking and urged his audience to not conform.