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1. Microplastic (n): fragments of any type of plastic less than 5 mm (0.20 inch) in length.
Example: Microplastic can destroy or damage our ecosystem.
2. Aquifer (n): stream of water under the ground (=underground water)
Example: Groundwater from aquifers can be extracted using a water well.
3. Synthetic (a): made from artificial substances, not natural.
Example: Plastics are synthetic.
4. Degradation (n): the decrease in quality and nutrition of dirt.
Example: Degradation can lead to the loss of crops and famine.
5. Radioactive (a): having or producing powerful and dangerous energy that comes from the breaking up of atoms.
Example: The waste consists of highly radioactive used fuel rods from power reactors.
6. Decompose (v): make or become rotten.
Example: Banana peels can be decomposed into fertilizers.
7. Rampantly (adv): getting worse quickly and in an uncontrolled way.
Example: The pollution is getting worse rampantly.
8. Noxious (a): poisonous.
Example: They died from inhaling noxious fumes.
9. Suffocation (n): death caused by not having enough oxygen.
Example: Living in industry area containing toxic fumes can lead to suffocation.
10. Shifting cultivation (c): People will move from place to place for living and farming in a short period of time.

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Example of Aquifer

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Diagram of shifting cultivation

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The soil pollution is known as the presence of toxic chemicals in the soil, in high enough concentrations to affect human health and damage to the ecosystem. Assuming that the levels of contamination are not high to pose a risk, the process still continues.

Following that, the article gives some reasons for soil pollution. Whether the soils are polluted or not, they all consist of some compounds which are naturally present in them. These contaminants include chemical substances, such as inorganic wastes, microplastics and synthetic compounds . The compounds are made from microbial activity and decomposition of organisms, and they move into the soil and accumulate from the atmosphere. For instance, with precipitation of the aquifer, as well as by wind activity. When the concentration of contaminants surpasses the natural levels, the pollution begins. Other reasons are considered as vital causes: man-made activities and natural causes.  The natural causes only happen in arid environment with toxic chemical in soils. Especially, the main reasons which are well-known are the human involvement. For example, the improper disposal of waste in factory, the overuse of pesticide in agriculture.

For the next point, people are given some information of types of soil pollutants. The range of soil pollutant is plentiful, from the biological agents and some of the human activities. The soil pollutants contaminating the soil produce the soil contaminants. Human activities polluting the soil vary from agricultural practice, in which using pesticide chemicals, to urban and industrial wastes or radioactive emission with a lot of toxic substances.

At last and not least, the influences of soil pollution are notified. The soil pollution has a negative impact on people, animals, and plants. As the concentration of soi pollution in noxious land is high, it will do harm to the person who is close to the land. Additionally, soil pollution also causes diseases which are harmful to people health, such as headache, respiratory problems and cancers. For these reasons, people should test the soil condition before getting close to it.

Some facts of the soil pollution are also included. Soil can be known as the container of the contaminants because of the accumulation and concentration from various polluting resources. Though the proportion of contaminants in the soil can be tiny, with the combination of weather conditions and decomposition of pollutants; it can lead to high levels of contamination.

Source : https://www.environmentalpollutioncenters.org/soil/

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1. Soil pollution has become a critical problem in the last few years. What are the main causes and how it affects on human’s life?

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1. Soil pollution has become a critical problem in the last few years. What are the main causes and how it affects on human’s life?

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Approximately 3.2 billion people worldwide are negatively affected by contaminated land. This is the result of soil contamination, which has been considered as an alerted issue globally. Among the causes, man-made soil pollution, including erosion and chemical contaminants, not only takes up a high rate, but also directly puts negative impacts on humans themselves.

First and foremost, the demand for more land is the core factor leading to erosion. In agriculture, forests are being exploited at an alarming pace to make space for crops and breeding. As a result, the more trees are cut down, the more landslides are likely to happen because of the loss of protection from flooding. For instance, some ethnic communities in Vietnam still remain in the tradition of shifting cultivation, which has made the soil degrade rapidly and get flooded during the rainy season.

An additional factor of soil pollution refers to the contamination of soil with anomalous concentrations of toxic chemical substances. In an age of constant movement, to meet up the demand of food for the overpopulation, synthetic chemical pesticides and fertilizers are being used rampantly, which results in the toxicity of the soil. Therefore, the excessive chemical absorption in food can cause food poisoning or even cancer threatening to people's health. Moreover, soil pollution can cause water pollution as the toxic chemical absorbs into the aquifer. This also endangers people's health as water is the most important need of each person.

To conclude, the degradation of land and the chemical contaminants are considered as the two main causes that negatively affect the land environment. For this reason, it is undeniable that soil pollution is mostly synthetic. Not only does it have negative effects on human’s life, but it also triggers other types of pollution.

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2. In recent years, problems with plastic pollution are becoming worse, particularly in developing countries. What are the effects of the increase in plastic? 

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2. In recent years, problems with plastic pollution are becoming worse, particularly in developing countries. What are the effects of the increase in plastic? 

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One million marine animals are killed every year. Sadly, they are the victims of plastic waste. The prevalence of plastic in human’s daily life, together with overuse, has created white pollution crisis, especially in many developing countries. In fact, negative impacts from this pollution focus mainly on health and ecosystem.

The plastic pollution has formed numerous cases of sickness for humans and animals, caused by hazardous substances. After decomposing, microplastic comes into water and crops, which is dangerous to people’s food consumption. For this reason, the inner body of people and other species are gradually filled with microplastic, which can cause lethal diseases including cancer and stroke, in their blood.

Furthermore, other pollution can get worse due to the white pollution. To be more specific, the overwhelmed plastic wastes are discharged to the land and water environment. The decomposition of plastic may take up to 1000 years, leaving toxic substances absorbing into soil and depositing in water resources. Little by little, the microplastic can enter soil and cause the loss of soil fertility, which leads to degradation. Moreover, it is alerted that water sources are also being threatened locally and globally by plastics, resulting in noxious water issues.

Additionally, white pollution can endanger wildlife, especially the marine, where most plastics are thrown away. In fact, ten million tons of plastic are dumped into oceans annually. This can make small animals easily get trapped in bags or bottles and lead to suffocation. Besides, plastic straws can be stuck into sea turtle's noses which can make them hard to breathe and even kill them. There is a video about this case on social media, the male Olive Ridley sea turtle was rescued by a group of scientists at the seaside of Costa Rica.

In summary, white pollution is a threat not only to human beings but also to other species. It is greatly concerned to be one of the most risky forms of pollution due to the dangerous effects to health, the ecosystem and also other environmental resources. The consequences are unforeseen, therefore, immediate actions taken by each individual and government is necessary.

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Causes of soil pollution and how it effects others.

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The process of how plastic pollution effects ecosystem and natural environment.

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Here is one of the turtles having a straw stuck in his nose and luckily being rescued by people.