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It exists when the balance sheet of an organization or individual has a negative balance, i.e. a deficit, the income is not sufficient to meet expenses, or in other words, the capacity to collect income is less than the available expenses.

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It usually results in a significant decline in GDP, corporate and bank failures, high unemployment rates and a credit freeze in the economy. In addition, economic depressions are accompanied by stock market crashes, which cause alarming losses in value and panic among investors.

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The process of having to sell quickly, as it is no longer able to bear the burden of debt, is known as deleveraging. The client is willing to incur losses because he needs liquidity, despite the depreciation of the asset he acquired at the time.

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The economy suffers a general reduction in the production of goods and services in a market. Thus, as a consequence of the reduction, the gross domestic product (GDP) is temporarily reduced. In this sense, the decline in the production of goods and services can be caused by external and internal factors. External factors such as the weather or nature, as well as internal factors such as regulation, taxes, etc.

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The stock exchange is a physical or virtual market where capital demanders and offerers come into contact with each other through authorized intermediaries, allowing negotiation and exchange between companies that require financing and savers.

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The economic cycle is a series of phases through which the economy passes and which occur in order until reaching the final phase in which the economic cycle begins again, each cycle passing through periods of recession and periods of expansion. This phenomenon has been common throughout economic history and is known by other names such as "business cycles" or "cyclical fluctuations".

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index used to measure the profitability of savings and investments and of a loan or credit, the price paid for the use of money. The price is given by the market

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Capacity to generate value by combining productive factors. A 1% growth in productivity means that with the same amount of productive factors, 1% more of the final product has been produced. Another source of growth comes from economies of scale, which are generated in some activities when production moves from atomized to large-scale production.

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Is one of the four factors of production along with land, labor and technology. It is characterized by the fact that it comprises all durable goods that are destined for the manufacture of other goods or services.

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An entity that has a monopoly on the production and distribution of official money in a nation or block of countries. In turn, it is the institution that dictates monetary policy to regulate the money supply in the economy.

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A financing operation where one person, called 'creditor', lends a certain amount of money to another, called 'debtor', who then guarantees the creditor that he will return the requested amount within the previously stipulated time plus an additional amount, called 'interest'.

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A transaction is a commercial agreement that takes place between two parties, economically speaking it is a purchase and sale agreement, it also implies an exchange of goods and services in exchange for the payment of a monetary amount, called price.

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Contains a company's short-term obligations, i.e., debts and obligations that have a duration of less than one year. For this reason, it is also known as short-term receivables. It is also called current liabilities.

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It is a charge that people are obliged to pay to some organization (government, king, etc.) without there being a direct consideration. That is, without being given or assured a direct benefit for its payment.

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Economics is a social science that studies how to manage available resources to satisfy human needs. It analyzes human behavior, decisions and actions, i.e., it studies how people, companies and governments make decisions related to production, distribution and consumption.