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The governing should also be subject to the same checks that are employed on citizens

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The governing should also be subject to the same checks that are employed on citizens

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i.e. checks and balances, dividing the government into smaller branches

"Ambition is another threat to the partition of powers" -> politicians, when uncontrolled, can have the same harmful effects as citizens

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Since not all people are naturally normally correct, the people governing may also be corrupt. Therefore, checking up and facilitating

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"If men were angels, no government would be necessary.” here madison is stating that people are inheretly evil and a government is necessary to keep the people in check.

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Federalist government allows for a more equal representation of the minority, because each power within the government is kept in check by different sectors. 

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Federalist government allows for a more equal representation of the minority, because each power within the government is kept in check by different sectors. 

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James Madison argues that not all people are inherently good. Thus, a government is needed to sustain morals

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A ruler should rule with an invisible hand

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A ruler should rule with an invisible hand

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"The Master doesn’t talk, he acts. When his work is done,
the people say, “Amazing:
we did it, all by ourselves!'"
The ruler should make it the citizens are in care of their policies even when it is a policy the Master thought of

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Modern politics are often the opposite of what Lao Tzu is arguing for, where leaders have strong desires to acquire and maintain power, which often means setting boundaries and restrictions. Lao Tzu argues that such restrictions will rebound. In the case of modern politics, this can be characterized as protests and rebellions. In non-authoritarian governments, there are often less anti-government sentiment, matching Tzu's argument how unrestrictive leadership reduces rebounded consequences

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Claim: Tao Tzu's claim about the governance is contrary to Heller's perspective on governance

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Claim: Tao Tzu's claim about the governance is contrary to Heller's perspective on governance

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Lao Tzu claims that society is self-governing that does not need an entity for governance. However, Heller's proposal of a open democracy is under the assumption and anarchy is a worse approach

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If every nation were to be content and focused on creating harmony domestically, this would lead them to not meddle in foreign affairs. With Lao Tzu's thinking, the establishment of internal stability will create more peace, while intervening with foreign conflicts will only create more chaos.

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In order to achieve internal harmony and happiness, one must be content and accepting of what they have. 

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In order to achieve internal harmony and happiness, one must be content and accepting of what they have. 

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On line 60 Lao Tzu states, "If a country is governed wisely, its inhabitants will be content." He then provides examples such as, "don’t waste time inventing labor-saving machines" and, "since they dearly love their homes, they aren’t interested in travel." If you are content with the resources you have, you have no desire to expand and explore for further happiness.

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Inaction from leaders inherently leads to better actions by citizens

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Inaction from leaders inherently leads to better actions by citizens

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Forcing boundaries upon people leads to consequences
i.e, using violence will "always rebound upon itself, even if well-intentioned". Wars cause harms on both sides.
i.e giving subsidies to encourage profit, forcing morals upon people, etc will lead to less prosperous effects compared to letting individuals do their own thing

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A leader must be humble rather than condescending to better judge the thoughts of those who are ruled that way and do things the way that they should be.

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A leader must be humble rather than condescending to better judge the thoughts of those who are ruled that way and do things the way that they should be.

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"The Master sees things as they are, without trying to control them. She lets them go their own way, and resides at the center of the circle."

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Lao Tzu - Thoughts from the Tao-te Ching

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Lao Tzu - Thoughts from the Tao-te Ching

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The innate goodness is a universal quality inherited in all people

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The innate goodness is a universal quality inherited in all people

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Claim: A prince must not rely on its citizen 

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Claim: A prince must not rely on its citizen 

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When the people start to revolt it is already too late for harsh measures and cannot rely on the mild citizen because they have no obligation to help you.

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A prince must appear religious in all cirumstances.

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A prince must appear religious in all cirumstances.

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Everything a prince says must be supported by the five qualities. Since there exists a detachment between the prince and the general public, he must also create a good public image that relies on religiousness. This pushes the current of the crowd behind the prince which can naturally wash away any opposition.

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A prince must appear fierce and sly at the same time

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A prince must appear fierce and sly at the same time

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Claim: A prince may not inherently contain those qualities, but they must pretend as if they do. 

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Claim: A prince may not inherently contain those qualities, but they must pretend as if they do. 

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Not every person is able to possess the 5 traits that make up a "perfect" prince, but in order to maintain the stability and the satisfaction of citizens within a society, they must pretend as if they have those qualities.

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Claim: A prince must be sly and tough at the same time

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Claim: A prince must be sly and tough at the same time

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A prince might be able to face critisim and puinish those who face them and at the same time evade and persaude with a silvertongue.

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Claim: A prince appear merciful, faithful, humane, religious, upright, but have a mental state that does not need to possess these qualities. 

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Claim: A prince appear merciful, faithful, humane, religious, upright, but have a mental state that does not need to possess these qualities. 

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Claim: the people's contribution in the government is significant

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Claim: the people's contribution in the government is significant

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The people is represented by the smaller fish in the artwork. Collectively, they become a very large big scary fish that could overthrow the monarch. This demonstrates the power of the people as they can be equal as strong as the political figures at the top when unified together. In the second article, the author emphasizes the importance of listening to the unrepresented people of the nation when explaining the possibility of open democracy

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Open democracy would get people to care more about the country, and therefore share their voices and take action.

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Open democracy would get people to care more about the country, and therefore share their voices and take action.

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Claim: Open democracy reflects the wide range of public interest.

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Claim: Open democracy reflects the wide range of public interest.

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Even though the model does not provide personal representation as in the sense of a senate or house of representatives, the breadth of the representative selection brings diversity to the progressively narrow political field.

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Claim: Both of these stimuli addresses the importance of the power rely within the people. 

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Claim: Both of these stimuli addresses the importance of the power rely within the people. 

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In the Big Fish Eat Little Fish, the image stresses that the collective power of a school of fish can overwhelm the power of a monarch, putting forward the idea that “the people” should be in power. At the heart of the open democracy argument is this exact concept, that power should be randomly granted to people of society to conduct a truly democratic nation, in which everybody has equal opportunity to hold power and has a voice.

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The current model of democracy is losing its legitimacy

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The current model of democracy is losing its legitimacy

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Claim: Open democracy might not work for every country

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Claim: Open democracy might not work for every country

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While "open democracy" saw great success in Iceland, it might not see the same success in America; American has such a big cultural background that makes it hard for one person to appeal to everyone.

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Claim: Open democracy would rid of political elitism in which everyone would be able to contribute to the government. 

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Claim: Open democracy would rid of political elitism in which everyone would be able to contribute to the government. 

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Claim: "Open Democracy" will shine light on issues not brought up in today's political sphere

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Claim: "Open Democracy" will shine light on issues not brought up in today's political sphere

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Heller believes that open democracy taps into people's "deepest intuitions", and it serves as an adequate response to "population-sized issues".

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Claim: A fuller form of democracy needs a combination of deliberation and involvement from as many parts of the general public as possible.

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Claim: A fuller form of democracy needs a combination of deliberation and involvement from as many parts of the general public as possible.

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Counterclaim: Average citizens have sufficient skills and incentives to remain committed to their civic duties

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Counterclaim: Average citizens have sufficient skills and incentives to remain committed to their civic duties

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The masses are often utilized when one ruler takes over another 

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The masses are often utilized when one ruler takes over another 

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The social contract between the people and the government must be supported for a functional government.

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The social contract between the people and the government must be supported for a functional government.

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The government is supposed to be order to the people and the people are supposed to give up some resources for the government to function. "When the social contract is broken by the government by corruption, it is the people's responsibility to take over the government." quote by some guy named John Locke

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American legislators don't have the correct qualifications to govern the people they are only learn things like fundraising, glad-handing, ground-gaming, and speechmaking.

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Claim: A single ruler that holds absolute power oppresses people, so therefore citizens should rise up and overthrow the crown to hold a collective power.

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Claim: A single ruler that holds absolute power oppresses people, so therefore citizens should rise up and overthrow the crown to hold a collective power.

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This is shown through the big fish which has the crown being "eaten" by a school of fish, their collective power overwhelming the monarch.

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Revolutions and rises of new power are the natural cycles of politics.

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Revolutions and rises of new power are the natural cycles of politics.

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🍎 Its more strategic to follow the masses than to go against it

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🍎 Its more strategic to follow the masses than to go against it

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The "masses" are the group of fish -> while they are being forced the chase the fish with the crown, they remain alive. The one fish that does go in the opposite direction of all the other fish is about to die and be eaten.

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Machiavelli - The Qualities of the Prince

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Machiavelli - The Qualities of the Prince

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Nathan Heller - Politics without Politicians 

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Nathan Heller - Politics without Politicians 

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Molly Crabapple - Big Fish Eat Little Fish

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Molly Crabapple - Big Fish Eat Little Fish