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The Greek philosopher Democritus introduced the idea of the atom. However, the idea was essentially forgotten for more than 2000 years.

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John Dalton re-introduced the atom. He provided evidence for atoms and developed atomic theory. His theory is essentially correct. However, he incorrectly thought that atoms are the smallest particles of matter.

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J.J. Thomson discovered electrons. He proposed the plum pudding model of the atom. In this model, negative electrons are scattered throughout a "sea" of positive charge.

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Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus. He later discovered protons as well. Rutherford thought that electrons randomly orbit the nucleus.

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Niels Bohr agreed with the planetary model of the atom, but also knew that it had a few flaws. Using his knowledge of energy and quantum physics he was able to perfect Rutherford’s model. He was able to answer why the electrons did not collapse into the nucleus.

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(1920's)

Erwin Schrödinger was a revolutionary physicist who used Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle to come up with the atomic model that we still use today.