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Created because of devastation caused by the Nazi party on all of Europe

(1945) The Grand Alliance agreed on the importance of Germany’s surrender and its being ally-occupied

This De-Nazification Plan was created by the ACC with the purpose to eliminate Nazi influences in Germany (parties and government) through re-education, prosecution for Nazi war crimes, etc.

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(May 1945) Germany surrenders and is divided into 4 zones, each to be occupied by an Ally (France, U.S.A, U.K. and the USSR) because of bad management of the country in the past (Nazi)

- The USSR was left with about 1/3 of Eastern Germany

- Result of both the Yalta Conference and Potsdam Agreement

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The Potsdam Agreement (German Loss, Soviet Gain)

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The Potsdam Agreement (German Loss, Soviet Gain)

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The Potsdam Agreement occurred for the allies to negotiate the post-war terms for peace.

Main Leaders/representatives:
USSR: Joseph Stalin
Britain: Prime Minister Winston Churchill (replaced on July 26 by Prime Minister Clement Attlee)
U.S: President Harry Truman

(July 1945) Germany had no money to pay reparations to the USSR so instead of paying with money, all of their military industry (state and Nazi) was ally-confiscated

- Roughly 60% of all industrial activity in East Germany (amounting to about $100 billion)

- No heavy industry remained in the east (factories were dismantled and sent to the USSR)

Teheran Conference: Stalin demanded 4 million German workers be included in the reparations (endorsed in the Yalta agreements)

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(September 1947) "Bizonia" was a combined military zone between the British and the American

- Later France allowed its sector to be annexed to the British area

- Created as the US, French, and British zones increasingly cooperated

- As a result, they eventually combined to form a unified government in their sectors

- Stalin did not like this because it paved a way for a more permanent division of Germany, he did not only want to Sovietize the eastern sector, he wanted to gain a unified German state

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(February 1948) The three western powers proposed a new four-power currency. The Soviets rejected this, exposing a crumbling ACC.

(March 1948) Final ACC Meeting
At the London Conference, the three western powers announced plans for a unification of the western zone and the establishment of a West German government. Infuriated Soviets began to plan for an East German state.

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Cause/igniting action of The Berlin Blockade

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Cause/igniting action of The Berlin Blockade

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(June 1948) An announcement was made by the Western powers of a new currency for Western Germany AND West Berlin

The blockade was done in response to the Marshall Plan, the Treaty of Brussels and a report from the SED that is was going to lose the elections in Berlin unless the Allies were removed from the city

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(June 1948) The USSR attempted to force the Western Allies out through a full-on blockade. They refused to allow water, road or railroad transport through East Germany into West Berlin preventing food and fuel supply.

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(July 1948) the U.S. and Britain began a massive airlift of supplies that dropped over the city (13,000 tons of supplies per day for 323 days). Planes landed about every 3 minutes and delivered a total of 275,000 tons of supplies

- Truman wanted a direct yet civilized response to Stalin's actions given claims of his soft approach to communism expansion

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(May 1949) Stalin allows land access to West Berlin

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Major events immediately AFTER The Berlin Blockade

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Major events immediately AFTER The Berlin Blockade

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Trizonia was created as a consequence of the blockade, it was evident the western zone was in need of higher protection. It Consisted in France joining the Americans and the British in joint administration of their occupied zones

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(May 1949) The Federal Republic of Germany came to be. West Germans still had hope of eventual reunification with the East by naming Bonn as the provisional capital.

Konrad Adenauer: West Germany’s first Chancellor

West German Government: parliamentary democracy

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(October 1949) Created by the Soviets as a response to the creation of the FRG

- Eastern Germany was established as a socialist state controlled by the SED

- East German government: Soviet model, Marxism-Leninism was integrated everywhere (media, economy, education, etc.)

- SSD (Stasi): secret police organization through an elaborate network of agents and informers

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From 1945 to 1955
As a result of the De-Nazification plan, the allies agreed that Austria (like Germany) would be divided into 4 sectors and ally-occupied because of the strong Nazi influence

Karl Renner: renounced Hitler and called for free elections and the establishment of a democratic state on the model of the First Austrian Republic (1919-1938)

- In the American zone, they were recipients of the Marshall Plan helping the recovery of their industry

- In the Soviet zone, they expropriated all Austrian businesses, extracted natural resources, and allowed criminal Red Army actions

It remained divided until a treaty was signed in 1955

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After demilitarization in 1953, Austrians began to want neutrality

(1955) Austrian State Treaty: restored Austria as a NEUTRAL, independent country (out of all international agreements)

Austria: agreed to cover the cost of Soviet occupation in exchange for neutrality

Soviets: agreed to proposal and withdrew all forces

(May 1955) The US, the French and the British signed

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NATO was created to safeguard the security and free state of all its members by using a collective security system (political and military assistance)

(March 1948) In the Treaty of Brussels, the making of a mutual defense agreement was a topic of discussion

- France, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg signed

- Western Europe: wanted military assistance to be determined in a series of bilateral agreements

- USA: wanted the terms for assistance to be based on coordination and commitment to the organization

(April 1949) North Atlantic Treaty: agreement that an attack on one country would be considered an attack on all and joint military action would be taken. 12 countries signed

Mutual Defense Assistance Program: USA created to assist the member states of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Results of NATO
- The USA remained on the European continent establishing military bases in NATO countries

- The Warsaw Pact (collective security agreement)

- Soviet anger, they saw it an alliance against the USSR