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It was a really fun session today brainstorming how to present and also view the 3 ideas of direct, symbolic and synthesized modelling as shared by the small groups.
Today we also learnt about self regulation and the importance of teaching students (applies to everyone! even us adults..) how to identify and acknowledge their feelings in a way so as not to let the situation and emotions overwhelm us. I think the important thing is to communicate through the teaching that having emotions (even the negative ones) are very normal  but it is about how to deal with them healthily and productively.  We need to teach this explicitly because if students don't know what to do, then they will choose their own coping strategies which may be not ideal and cause more problems in classroom management and to themselves.
Finally, I came across a new term today which I found really useful- whole class approach! ie, we should always think if something can be done for the whole class instead of just the SEN student and in this way we might be able to settle/solve the 60% of the issue first.

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I really enjoyed the peer teaching of the different modelling by my peers. The effort, ideas and how it was executed. Good job guys! This is also shown in the effectiveness of learning where teaching others is the most effective that I could recall the 3 models (direct, symbolic, synthesized) although I have ranked demonstration as the most effective. Hee.

It has also made me reflect on how powerful my actions can be. As a SEN officer in the school, as my actions and words are being observed, I should be mindful and conscious so that the students can pick up the right actions. This is also linked to self regulation. If I am able to regulate my emotions especially when I am angry, it will reflect positively in my actions. This way, it will guide the students on self regulation as well.

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Today we've uncovered 3 different models of learning from peer teaching from Bandura .
1. Direct Modelling where learning takes place by imitating behaviour and mannerism of others.
2. Symbolic Modelling can be used to teach student to learn by imitating behaviour using a fiction character.
3. Synthesized Modelling when learning takes place by observing parents , social influencer or celebrities.
However according to behaviourism , someone's behaviour is based on the rewards and consequences.

I've also learnt that the most effective way of learning is to teach others. The more we teach , the better we become. The more we remember.

I also find it interesting where we can also introduce students to SMART goals , goal ladder and self monitoring checklist when we are guiding them to plan their self regulated learning.

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One of the key learning point for today's lesson is the importance of teaching self-regulation to our students so as to help them have high self-esteem which will ultimately help them become good students who will do well in their studies. There is a need to teach self-regulating strategies because we often assume that our students have the innate ability to manage their feelings BUT in reality many do not. In addition, if they are not taught an effective coping strategy, they will probably find one themselves which may not be safe or effective and which may result in other issues being surfaced.
Through the tutorial activities, I learnt that self-regulating strategies should be taught through modelling of appropriate behaviours for effectiveness.

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I learned that behaviour , personal and environmental factors has its effects on one another and these factors should be examined before making any planning of interventions. I have learned that self regulated learning is beneficial. Under the umbrella of self regulated learning, SENOs can utilise different components to assist the child to achieve the desired behaviour. SENO have to understand the profile and challenges faced by the student. If the desired behaviour may deem to be challenging for the student, it would be appropriate for the SENO to break it into achievable steps using the SMART goals. We can mix in reinforcements to further motivate the student to achieve the behaviour.

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I learnt the three different types of Modelling:
1. Direct Modelling
2. Symbolic Modelling
3. Synthesized Modelling

Modelling is a powerful tool to teach behaviour to our students (and adults) as we typically follow suit and tend to demonstrate 'Monkey see Monkey do' attitude. A common example would be when Singaporeans see a line/queue, they simply join without knowing what it is for.

All three models are useful when we are working with students of behaviour. As an SENO, it is especially useful when explicitly teaching students on specific behaviours so that they are able to see and experience these expected behaviours first hand.

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I learnt that it is very important to lead by example and to practise what we preach. We can practise self-regulation strategies on our own goals that we tend to procrastinate on in order to go through what the student may experience when we ask them to change their learning/behaviour. For consequences to be effective, we must administer them immediately (be it reward or punishment) as students tend to test the water and see whether or not you will follow/break your own rules.

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1) We never assume our students know. Everything needs to be taught explicitly.
2) Understood the different types of modelling (DSS :Direct, symbolic, synthesize) we can use for our students.
4) The four process crucial for learning: ARRM - Attention, Retention, Reproduction, Motivation
3) Importance of self-regulation and how we can help our students to learn it.
4)Three sets of factors; personal factors, the environment and behavior are intertwined in such a way that they actually all rely on each other
5) Got me thinking that in order for my students or my own kids to be able to learn proper self-regulating skills, I need to model how I positively self regulate myself. I need to unlearn my negative self regulating skills, like sarcasm, shouting, muteness (go in a silent strike).

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Through Bandura’s early social learning theory, I learnt that children mostly learn through modeling. Human naturally will be affected by the way people behave. Hence, the example shows how much the child learnt through the video.

What I really like most is the different role play discussion on modeling. The 3 types of modeling- direct, symbolic and synthesized modeling.  I felt that unintentionally we have been doing all of these, but through which method of modeling.

Lastly, I also realised that teaching others have better effects in learning as compared to practice doing. It is interesting that this is how effectiveness of learning is being ranked, because as someone who does not like to get out of comfort zone, it does require practice. And if I feel that it is a little too much to handle, having done self-regulation proper would be good.

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The group demonstration activity on the 3 different types of modelling was a fun and interesting way for us to learn.

With our students in school, they look up to us as role models. Thus it is important for us to model the right thoughts, words and action.

I also enjoyed the self-activity (think of a personal goal that you wish to achieve but had difficulty achieving). The goal ladder specifically breaks down the steps to help achieve the goal. Useful strategy that i can use with my students in the future!

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In todays learning, Bandura Social Cognitive Theory has inspired me to use modelling as way to give instructions to students. Direct, Symbolic, Synthesized Modelling are some of the ways we can used.

Through the 8 min of peer teaching but other group member, it gives me a better understanding on how to apply to students. In general, students with SEN will benefit more in modelling as some of them are visual learner, kinesthetic or audio learner.

The most effective way of learners that student learnt best is through Teaching others and the least effective will be lecturing.

Believing that we can do something is a powerful determinant of whether we succeed.

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Today I learned about the concept of self-regulation and how it applies to my learning. I learned that by setting reasonable expectations for myself, I am more likely to reach them. I also learned that feedback is important when tracking my progress towards any goal, whether it be academic or personal/social. I am still not sure how this will influence my learning but I plan on finding out very soon!

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Today I have learned the importance of incorporating both behaviourist approach of managing behaviours together with social-cognitive approach.

According to behaviourism, an individuals actions and behaviours are primarily dictated by rewards or consequence. However, this approach has its limitation whereby one does not actually teach the appropriate behaviours. The social cognitive approach provides a framework for one to educate and model the desired, appropriate behaviours. It involves the used of different types of figures to model and demonstrate a behaviours. It is interesting that there are different aspects of modelling strategy which can be done. Eg: “in-person” via social story, video modelling and even through the peer-approach. As SENO we need to be sensitive, observant and critical about the students interest and motivation. This would help us identify the most effective modelling approach.

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Personally, practising positive self-talk as a form of self-regulation is skill that I picked up from observing my manager during our meetings. Coming from my previous workplace which work environment is crisis-driven (Child Protective Service), it is easy for us to get overwhelmed and burnt out from the stressful environment. Our meetings would start off with a check-in by my manager on everyone’s emotions. My manager would always share with our team that she was exhausted and feeling overwhelmed, but she was grateful to have supportive and encouraging colleagues like us to keep her going. She would share the challenges she faced but also added positive self-talk statement. Her positive disposition is inspiring that I want to emulate. After today’s tutorial session, I realised that my manager was exhibiting synthesized modelling of positive self-talk as a form of self-regulation to influence her team of Child Protection Officers to self-regulate amid crises.

Applying this as a SEN officer, it is important for me to be conscious of how I present myself in front of the students as they look up to me as a reference or a role model to exhibit appropriate behaviours. When working with students who lack in emotional regulation skills, it is essential that I practise using positive self-talk with our students. This means I help students acknowledge their feelings then think about how to turn that negative feeling around so that it does not stop them from continuing with their day. A lot of times the students let their negative emotions dictate the rest of their day. When showing to students that it is OK to feel what we feel but it is also important to think about how to turn the feeling around, it helps students to see that there is always a positive in any negative situation. This requires modelling from me and a lot of practice for students. Students will feel empowered once they are able to self-regulate and as a SEN officer, I need to “catch” them self-regulating to praise them which can motivate them to use the self-regulating skills next time they face negative emotions.

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I learn the importance of self regulation. I always thought that students would automatically know what is right and what is incorrect. I realised today that, we as educators need to teach our students the importance of self regulation.

I also realise the importance of following through with our reinforcements. I loved the way we learnt the 3 types of modelling. It was an easy way to remember and to relate to the 3 types of modelling. Now i can use the appropriate modelling for the different types of students.

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The different modelling like Direct, Symbolized and Synthesized Modelling can be a guide us to determine the forms learning. Every child is different so they need different modelling that suits their learning needs. With specific modelling, effective learning will take place. As SENO, I have to be proactive to find out the actual happening in classroom settings to be able to select the appropriate interventions for the child, to rndure effectiveness and success.

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The discussion about case study dives in deeper about how we can apply the modelling, reinforcement and vicarious learning as well as the strategies. Behaviorism is about the idea that all learnt behavior are picked through interaction from the environment. By reinforcing the learning through vatious platform also allows students to have firm self-belief.

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I have learnt about 3 types of modelling through peer teaching. Direct modelling is where an individual attempts to imitate the behaviour or thinking of a live model. Symbolic modelling is where imitating behaviours and thinking displayed by characters in books, plays, movies, television or the internet. Synthesized modelling is where people combine behaviours observed in different acts. These 3 modelling have taught me on how I can use these strategies when I teach my students in future. I have previously use the symbolic teaching with my students and I do found it useful in teaching my student.

I have also learnt about the effectiveness of learning and the least effective way of learning is through lecture while the most effective way is through teaching others. This is true for me too as I learn best when I teach others.

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Linking to today's class, behaviourism is the idea that the learner learn through modelling. There are 3 different types of modelling we learnt - symbolic, direct and synthesized. For Skinner, he mentioned that behaviour is determined by its consequences and this is done through reinforcements and punishments which can be effectively done through vicarious learning and punishment. For example, praising particular students in class for displaying good effort and in the process, others will also follow suit. Conversely, punishment can be also met out to deter students from repeating the misbehaviour. Lastly, we learnt by association (similar to classical conditioning).

I enjoyed the different acts by my classmates whereby they showed about 3 different types of modelling. It was a fun way to learn and a joy to also teach others in the way we understand. I also learnt a useful strategy: Goal ladder to help in visualising the goals. We also had case study to put the theories that we learnt in action. For example, making use of the modelling and also different vicarious learning and punishment strategies to increase positive behaviour. All the examples were given were useful in implementing in class setting or even one to one sessions. Another interesting learning point is the different mode of learning ranking from the least to most effective. By knowing this, I can engage my students in a more effective manner.

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We covered direct, symbolic and synthesized modelling which was demonstrated through each group efforts which was interesting and easy to understand. Then we moved to the different processes learning from models and the steps to teach self-regulation. Example like think aloud how to self regulate, give time out whenever the student needed, frustration breaks and calm corner. Also, Teachers can be flexible, understanding towards the issue, and also to set up culture in the class that is understood by everyone. Teachers/SENO can look into whole class approach too, and individual plans for student. We also went through the step-by-step goal ladder, and work backwards. Always be rationale and practical about the goal and set appropriate expectations. Today’s lesson is relatable and I can use the models during my withdrawal sessions and recommendations for Teachers to use in class. Overall, today is a fun class and we get to see great awesome Actors and Actresses! Hehehehe!