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Haruka, Suey, Abby, Yana

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Gabe, Matthew, Cyril

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Max, Alex, Marcus, Shawn

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Silvia, Ariel, Zoe, Iris

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Jeff, Henry, Alan, Darren

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Jerry, Lucas, Eric, Carlos

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Smile reasons
• helps to relax our bodies
•lower our heart rates
•relieve stress
•boost mood

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The smile made against one's will is usually said to be skinless. Judgement of fake smile belongs to one of the categories of micro-expression analysis.

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Facial movements:
Entire eyebrow pulled up, eyelids pulled up, mouth hangs open, pupils dilated.

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Surprise is one of the seven universal emotions and arises when we encounter sudden and unexpected sounds or movements

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When he is happy, the corners of his mouth will rise, his teeth will be exposed, and his eyes will become slightly smaller. And the reason why he is happy is that he graduated.

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When we raise our eyebrows, we open our eyes wider. This lets other observers see where we are looking much easier...so they can see exactly what we are surprised about.

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Inner corners of eyebrows raised, eyelids loose, lip corners pulled down.

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Corners of mouth turned up, eyes narrowed
When you really smile, the corners of your mouth turn up and your eyes narrow.  At this time, the main zygomatic muscle in charge of the smile and the orbicularis oculi muscle surrounding the eyes contract at the same time.

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1. Facial movements: Eyebrows pulled down, upper eyelids pulled up, lower eyelids pulled up, margins of lips rolled in, lips may be tightened.

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1. Facial movements: Eyebrows pulled down, upper eyelids pulled up, lower eyelids pulled up, margins of lips rolled in, lips may be tightened.

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2.Feeling of anger are usually affected by both physical and mental health You might feel your heart rate and breathing increase. You may feel feelings of frustration, stress, irritation, and rage.

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2.Feeling of anger are usually affected by both physical and mental health You might feel your heart rate and breathing increase. You may feel feelings of frustration, stress, irritation, and rage.

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3. Anger is different for everyone. Things that make some people angry don't bother others at all. But there are things that make lots of us feel angry, including:
being treated unfairly and feeling powerless to do anything about it
feeling threatened or attacked
other people not respecting your authority, feelings or property and
researchers found that angry faces are one of the fastest expressions to be detected.

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a feeling of revulsion or strong disapproval aroused by something unpleasant or offensive

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Eyebrows pulled down, nose wrinkled, upper lip pulled up, lips loose

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Sickness or death of a loved one

Rejection by a friend or lover

Being disappointed by an unexpected outcome

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1. Facial expression:
eyes, nose, lips, eyebrows ...

2. Feeling:

3. Reason:

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https://www.scienceofpeople.com/microexpressions/

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Human facial expressions are one of the most important non-verbal ways we communicate. With 43 different muscles, our faces are capable of making more than 10,000 expressions, many of them tracing back to our primitive roots. Even our smile, some researchers say, evolved from the way primates show off their teeth to negotiate social status or to establish dominance.

And while each face has its own unique way of presenting emotions, there are a few select expressions that keep popping up, regardless of a person's age, race, language or religion. Below are seven basic emotions that are hardwired in our brains and show up on our faces.

For more tips on how to read people's facial expressions, watch the documentary Body Language Decoded on The Nature of Things.

Here's a rundown of those seven universal emotions, what they look like, and why we're biologically hardwired to express them this way:

Anger

Facial movements: Eyebrows pulled down, upper eyelids pulled up, lower eyelids pulled up, margins of lips rolled in, lips may be tightened.

Anger face works so well because each facial movement makes a person look physically stronger, according to researchers. This face lets the threat know we mean business. It's one of our most powerful emotions and it shows just how expressive the human face can be. This face serves as a warning, whether it's simply to intimidate or to show that a conflict has begun.

Fear

Facial movements: Eyebrows pulled up and together, upper eyelids pulled up, mouth stretched

Each fear-based facial movement prepares us for a fight-or-flight response. This facial expression capitalizes off of the way our bodies work. Widening our eyes opens up our field of vision, letting in more light and allows lets us see the threats around us. The same can be said for our oxygen pathways. Opening our nostrils increases our oxygen intake and helps us prepare to flee or fight.

Disgust

Facial movements: Eyebrows pulled down, nose wrinkled, upper lip pulled up, lips loose.

The disgust face doesn't just show our distaste, it also works to protect us. Wrinkling the nose closes the nasal passage protecting it from dangerous fumes and squinting our eyes shields them from damage.

Happiness

Facial movements: Muscle around the eyes tightened, "crows feet" wrinkles around the eyes, cheeks raised, lip corners raised diagonally.

Despite the friendly connotation, researchers believe our smiles might have a more sinister origin. Many primates show their teeth to assert their dominance and lock down their status in their social structure. Some researchers believe it is that non-verbal sign that eventually evolved into a smile.

Sadness

Facial movements: Inner corners of eyebrows raised, eyelids loose, lip corners pulled down.

Sadness is hard to fake, according to researchers. One of the telltale signs of sadness is the inner-brow raise, which very few people can do on demand.

Surprise

Facial movements: Entire eyebrow pulled up, eyelids pulled up, mouth hangs open, pupils dilated.

While the surprise expression might only last a second or two, the facial movements - particularly the raised eyebrows - allow us to take in our surroundings, shift our attention to another, possibly threatening event, and react quicker. Whether it's a good or bad surprise, the facial reaction is the same.

Contempt

Facial movements: Eyes neutral with the lip corner pulled up and back on one side.

Although the emotion of contempt can overlap with anger and distrust, the facial expression is unique. It is the only expression that occurs on only one side of the face and can vary in intensity. At its strongest, one brow may lower while the lower eyelid and lip corner rise on the same side. At its most covert, the lip corner might only rise briefly.

Learn more about how we use body language in the The Nature of Things documentary Decoding Body Language.

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Understanding body language: 7 basic facial emotions

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We've biologically evolved to wear these expressions regardless of culture.

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The face and its expressions, also known as microexpressions, are the window to the soul- if you know how to read them. The good news is we can tell a lot about someone by their face.

The Face of a Leader

Look at these faces of CEOs. Can you tell which ones have the most profitable companies?

In this study by Nicholas Rule and Nalini Ambady, researchers asked participants to rate these CEOs based on their picture. Their ratings accurately correlated to the level of profit the CEO's company made.

Can You Read Facial Expressions?

Are you good at reading microexpressions? Before reading the guide below, see how well you can identify the 7 universal facial expressions!

I truly believe that knowing how to read faces is one of the 10 most essential People Skills everyone should know. Let's add this one to your Soft Skills toolbox:

How to Read Microexpressions

Micro expressions are the key to reading faces. Watch my video for in-depth information, as well as how to detect each microexpression!

Ready to move on? Here is my guide to understanding the microexpression.

They can occur as fast as 1/15 to 1/25 of a second. You see them everywhere. Bill Clinton showed them during his testimony.

Lance Armstrong showed contempt in his interview with Oprah.

We just have to know what to look for.

The face is the best indicator of a person's emotions. Yet, it often is overlooked. Dr. Paul Ekman, whose research is the premise of the show , has done groundbreaking research on decoding the human face. He has shown that facial expressions are universal.

In other words, people in the US make the same face for sadness as indigenous people in Papua New Guinea who never have seen TV or movie characters to model themselves after. He also found that congenitally blind individuals-or those blind since birth-also make the same facial expressions, even though they never have seen other people's faces.

Ekman has designated seven facial expressions that are the most widely used and easy to interpret. Learning to read them is incredibly helpful for understanding the people in our lives.

If you want to practice reading people's faces, it is important to know the following basic expressions. I would recommend trying the following faces in the mirror so you can see what they look like on yourself.

Interesting Note: Researchers have found that if you make the facial expression, you also begin feeling the emotion yourself! Emotions not only cause facial expressions-facial expressions also cause emotions.

The 7 Microexpressions

Surprise Microexpression

Do you ever wonder why we look surprised? When we raise our eyebrows, we open our eyes wider. This lets other observers see where we are looking much easier...so they can see exactly what we are surprised about.

And if you've ever been accused of lying when you were telling the truth, you might have raised your eyebrows and widened your eyes. According to a 2014 study by New York University, this also helps make us look trustworthy. When you widen your eyes, you literally give off signals to others around you that you have nothing to hide.

Surprise can also be helpful in the world of dating and attraction -when someone is attracted to you, you might notice them giving a brief eyebrow raise called the eyebrow flash.

In a 2008 study by the University of London, researchers set out to find out the power of the eyebrow flash:

6-month year old infants were tested to see if they would follow the gaze of an adult.

When the adult looked somewhere without using a microexpression, the infant did not follow the gaze.

However, when an eyebrow flash was incorporated, infants followed the adult's gaze.

In other words, even babies know the importance of an eyebrow flash. We all understand on a deep, biological level that when we see this facial expression...it's because we saw something interesting (or someone attractive!).

Fear Microexpression

The fear microexpression is closely linked to shock, so there are a lot of similarities. But it also has its own purpose-when we are scared and widen our eyes, our field of view increases. This lets us see any threats that might lurk nearby.

Our mouth opens when we are scared because it helps us prepare for two things. First, it readies us in case we need to shout for help if we feel threatened. Second, it prepares us to breathe in a large amount of oxygen. This oxygen is helpful in case we need to run away...or fight the enemy!

And if you have ever seen someone frightened, you might have been frightened, too. That's completely normal- mirroring other people's fear is a natural response. A study in 1996 shows that when we see fearful facial expressions, the activity in our amygdala-the part of our brain responsible for fear-increases.

So when one person displays a fear microexpression, others around them will also open their eyes wider. This allows people around to be better prepared to seek out signs of danger.

Bonus: Do you ever wonder why we cover our mouths when we are shocked or frightened? This is a way of hiding our emotions. It's a useful gesture if we are scared by nothing too serious. For example, if we are stumbling around in the dark and bump into someone-only to realize that someone is our friend or family member.

Disgust Microexpression:

Disgust is the expression you make when you smell something bad or hear something nasty. When we squint our eyes in disgust, our visual acuity increases, helping us find the origin of our disgust. It's also an important microexpression to look out for- if you want to be attractive, science says avoid disgust at all costs.

Here's why: in a University of Portsmouth study of 76 heterosexual women, disgust was found to have the biggest negative impact on sexual arousal-even 3 times more than fear. So if you want to be romantic, it's best to avoid anything disgusting altogether.

Trying to suppress your disgust also has bad effects. The University of Groningen conducted a study in 2009:

Participants were asked to suppress their disgust.

They were shown images of a dirty toilet or a film depicting an amputation.

Can you guess what happened? These participants began thinking about disgusting things even more! And they also felt more negative in general.

Anger Microexpression:

The eyebrows are lowered and drawn together.

Vertical lines appear between the eyebrows.

Lower lip is tensed.

Eyes are in hard stare or bulging.

Lips can be pressed firmly together, with corners down, or in a square shape as if shouting.

Nostrils may be dilated.

The lower jaw juts out.

(All three facial areas must be engaged to not have any ambiguity)

Unlike the surprise and fear microexpressions, the angry microexpression is characterized by lowered eyebrows. And there's a reason why. In the 2019 issue of Psychological Science:

101 participants judged the dominance of various avatar pictures.

The avatars showed a neutral facial expression, but were either tilted upward, downward, or remained neutral.

The results showed that those with a downward position were perceived as more dominant. That's because when the head is lowered, eyebrows appear more V-shaped and prominent.

This also means that people find angry people less trustworthy. With their eyebrows lowered and eyes squinted, it becomes harder to "see" the window to the soul, thus leading to lower levels of perceived trust.

People who are genuinely angry might try to hide their angry facial expression in social situations. After all, anger is a stronger social norm violation than sadness or other negative emotions. Therefore, people might reveal only a small tell like a quick scrunching of the eyebrows.

However, University of Essex researchers found that angry faces are one of the fastest expressions to be detected. This is because we need to be able to quickly tell if the person we are talking to suddenly becomes angry to avoid possible physical harm.

Besides anger, did you know there are hundreds-if not thousands-of different body language cues? We put together a comprehensive, science-backed guide to learn everything body language:

Happiness Microexpression

Corners of the lips are drawn back and up.

Mouth may or may not be parted, teeth exposed.

A wrinkle runs from outer nose to outer lip.

Cheeks are raised.

Lower eyelid may show wrinkles or be tense.

Crow's feet near the outside of the eyes.

*The expressions on the top are fake happiness, where the side eye muscles are not engaged. The ones on the bottom are real happiness. See the difference?

People try to fake their happiness all the time. But true happiness cannot be faked. When people are truly happy, they smile in what is known as the Duchenne smile.

When someone is truly happy, you will notice that their smile also has those wrinkles around their eyes (called the Duchenne marker). Smiles without the Duchenne marker are "fake" or polite smiles.

We are even pre-wired to tell real and fake smiles apart! Researchers at Western University found that our brains perceive microexpressions accompanied with the Duchenne marker as being more genuine and intense. So if you know the happiness microexpression, you can tell real happiness from those who are faking it.

Sadness Microexpression

This is the hardest microexpression to fake! It's also one of the hardest microexpressions to correctly identify. The reason? Sad microexpressions are not very large or noticeable. There's no large tell like a smile when a person is sad.

Sadness, unlike surprise, is also one of the longer-lasting microexpressions. People can even develop a resting sad face (similar to RBF). Sadness can also be used as a facial expression to calm down those who are angry.

Contempt / Hate Microexpression

One side of the mouth is raised.

What is contempt? Contempt, similar to hate, is a negative feeling of dislike, disrespect, or offensiveness towards someone. It's the only one of the 7 universal microexpressions that is asymmetrical.

Unlike the disgust microexpression, contempt is characterized by a feeling of superiority over another. When a person feels contempt, he or she may feel like they are right, and the other person is wrong. If you see the contempt microexpression, that's a bad sign.

Why? According to marriage expert Dr. Gottman, contempt is the most destructive emotion and the number one predictor of divorce. It's not all bad, though. If you correctly identify contempt, you can turn it around.

In a study published in the Journal of Marriage and the Family, 83% of rocky relationships that showed negative signs like contempt were able to turn them around-as long as the couples were able to make up successfully after an argument.

Bonus: Resting Bitch Face (RBF)

Have you ever looked at someone who just LOOKS to be angry/sad/hating the entire universe for no reason? They may just be a sufferer of what is known as resting bitch face (or RBF for short).

If you are a sufferer like me, you know that whatever you do, RBF does just not go away.

Eating a nice meal? RBF.

Doing the laundry? RBF.

Watching a funny movie with your significant other? RBF.

Bonus #2: The Snarl

The snarl is a facial expression that is characterized by a raised upper lip, lowered eyebrows, flared nostrils, and teeth showing. Snarls rarely happen alone; people usually snarl at others to send an aggressive warning to them. The snarl is unique because it's basically the disgust and anger emotions combined into one.

Alongside humans, animals such as dogs and wolves also snarl to display their teeth and send a nonverbal message to back off.

Control Your Microexpressions, Control Your Life

Now you may be wondering-why should I control my microexpressions? Other than giving you confidence in social situations, your microexpressions give other people glimpses into your true emotions. And as we covered earlier, people are hardwired to feel microexpressions. That's whether we like it or not!

When you know microexpressions, you'll be able to:

Appear more confident in meetings, during job interviews, and sales negotiations.

Improve your relationships between your significant other, friends, and family members.

Discover the true feelings of your clients and partners, both in your professional and personal life.

Charles Darwin described it best:

Every true or inherited movement of expression seems to have had some natural and independent origin. But when once acquired, such movements may be voluntarily and consciously employed as a means of communication.
Charles Darwin

When we learn the microexpressions of others and have control of our own, we have greater control of our own life.

But the truth is...

Identifying microexpressions is only one piece of the puzzle. Maybe it's time to level up all of your people skills.

1. Learn how to Read and Decode these 7 Nonverbal Cues

2. Learn to understand the science behind each emotion

3. If you're really looking to step up your game, you can try our intensive online training to level up your charisma, communicate powerfully, and take command of your presence.

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The Definitive Guide to Reading Microexpressions (Facial Expressions)

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Learning decode facial expressions (microexpressions) is like granting yourself a superpower. Learn to spot microexpressions with example photos and videos!

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Eyebrows: One eyebrow may be higher than the other

Lips: One side will be raised slightly

* The only asymmetrical micro expression

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When a person feels contempt, he or she may feel like they are right, and the other person is wrong.

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Eyebrows are raised and drawn together, usually in a flat line.
Wrinkles in the forehead are in the center between the eyebrows, not across.
The mouth is open and lips are slightly tensed or stretched and drawn back.
The eyes are wide open.

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We can feel disgusted by something we perceive with our physical senses (sight, smell, touch, sound, taste), by the actions or appearances of people, and even by ideas.

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When we squint our eyes in disgust, our visual acuity increases, helping us find the origin of our disgust. The feeling that something is offensive（攻擊性）, poisonous（有毒） or contaminating（污染性）.

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People use a contempt facial expression to show superiority over other people

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Fear alerts us to the presence of danger or the threat of harm, whether that danger is physical or psychological.

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3. Sadness microexpressions are not very large or noticeable. There's no large tell like a smile when a person is sad.

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The fear microexpression is closely linked to shock, so there are a lot of similarities. But it also has its own purpose—when we are scared and widen our eyes, our field of view increases. This lets us see any threats that might lurk nearby.