# data[].attributes.body
Brown, F., Mcdonnell, J., & Snell, M. (2020). Instructiono of Students with Severe Disabilities (9th ed.). Pearson.

Direct Versus Indirect Assessment of Student Learning | Feedback & Grading | Teaching Guides | Teaching Commons | DePaul University, Chicago. (n.d.). Resources.depaul.edu. https://resources.depaul.edu/teaching-commons/teaching-guides/feedback-grading/Pages/direct-assessment.aspx#:~:text=Direct%20Assessment%3A%20a%20professional%20makes

Formal vs Informal assessment: differences and similarities - Voxco. (2021). Voxco. https://www.voxco.com/blog/formal-vs-informal-assessment-differences-and-similarities/#:~:text=Formal%20assessment%20refers%20to%20a

Great Schools Partnership. (2013, August 29). Summative Assessment. The Glossary of Education Reform. https://www.edglossary.org/summative-assessment/

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The information collected from each of these assessment types can be used as baseline data in IEP planning. The results from each of these tests can help educators determine how they need to adjust their instruction, keep up to date with parents, and what students need additional help. For example, teachers could take the results of an informal assessment and send them home to the parent to show what they observed about their child's behavior or progress to see if they have any comments or suggestions.

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These types of assessments gather information about an individual through the use of assessments, interviews, or observations. According to the text, "the shortcomming of contriving a scenario indivdiual has generalized the skill to naturalistic settings." (Brown et al., 2020).

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What is the purpose of this assessment? How will it be implemented?

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What is the purpose of this assessment? How will it be implemented?

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Direct assessments are used because student learning is visible, tangible, and measurable. Also, these assessments tend to show exactly what students have and have not yet attained (Direct versus Indirect Assessment of Student Learning | Feedback & Grading | Teaching Guides | Teaching Commons | DePaul University, Chicago, n.d.). Direct testing should be implemented when trying to measure a single learning outcome, objective, or goal.

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Evaluated papers

Tests

Performances

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Summative Assessments occur at the end of a learning unit to determine if the students have met the learning expectations for that unit. A unit can last weeks, a month, semester, year, etc (Brown et al., 2020).

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What is the purpose? How will it be monitored or administered? 

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What is the purpose? How will it be monitored or administered? 

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According to Great Schools Partnership, summative assessments are used to evaluate student learning, skill acquisition, and overall achievement at the end of a defined instructional period (2013). The results from these assessments are often recorded as scores or grades that are then factored into the student's overall academic record. One downfall to this assessment type is that educators wait until the end of a unit, this may be too late for educators to help students or for them to improve their instruction (Brown et al., 2020).

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The process of evaluating a student that do not require standard grading criteria (Formal vs Informal Assessment: Differences and Similarities - Voxco, 2021). Informal assessments can be individualized to the student (Brown et al., 2020).

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What is the purpose of this assessment type? How will it be administered?

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What is the purpose of this assessment type? How will it be administered?

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Informal assessments can be used to monitor ongoing student progress and are often related to the student's curriculum. An example of this in the classroom includes asking a student to point to a picture or tallying the number of times a student initiates communication (Brown et al., 2020). Teachers may use this to assess student learning, instructional variables, or even environmental factors.

Additionally, educators use this assessment type because it can provide immediate feedback. The scores are typically criterion-referenced and then compared to the student's performance to a set criterion or curricular goal rather than comparing their scores to a group (Brown et al., 2020).  Overall, it is up to the evaluator how often they want to administer this type of assessment.

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Quizzes

Writing samples

Project-based assignments

Presentations

(Formal vs Informal Assessment: Differences and Similarities - Voxco, 2021)

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End of chapter tests

standardized tests

finals at the end of the semester

portfolios

# data[].attributes.body
Brown, F., Mcdonnell, J., & Snell, M. (2020). Instructiono of Students with Severe Disabilities (9th ed.). Pearson.

Direct Versus Indirect Assessment of Student Learning | Feedback & Grading | Teaching Guides | Teaching Commons | DePaul University, Chicago. (n.d.). Resources.depaul.edu. https://resources.depaul.edu/teaching-commons/teaching-guides/feedback-grading/Pages/direct-assessment.aspx#:~:text=Direct%20Assessment%3A%20a%20professional%20makes

Formal vs Informal assessment: differences and similarities - Voxco. (2021). Voxco. https://www.voxco.com/blog/formal-vs-informal-assessment-differences-and-similarities/#:~:text=Formal%20assessment%20refers%20to%20a

Great Schools Partnership. (2013, August 29). Summative Assessment. The Glossary of Education Reform. https://www.edglossary.org/summative-assessment/