# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Worried about AI hijacking your voice for a deepfake? This tool could help

# data[].attributes.body
The article talks about how celebrities like Scarlett Johansson are taking legal action against the unauthorized use of their images in deepfake technology. The article also mention the difficulty in differentiate between synthetic and human generated content, particularly those ones who are trying to imitate celebrities.

The researchers are developing apps like AntiFake, which scrambles audio signals to confuse AI models, making it harder to create convincing deepfake clones. The article also touches other solutions, such as deepfake detection technologies, write watermarks or examining small details in videos.

Finally, the main focus of the article is about consent. The consent permission is extremely crucial, with discussions about potential legislation or create new laws holding deepfake creators responsible.

Purpose: the purpose of the article is to inform, to show us how dangerous is AI right now

Credibility: I think this magazine is popular enough to talk about serious topics like this one, so I think is credible

Reaction: is amazing how this technology in only few months have caused already a lot of troubles worldwide

Vocabulary: unauthorized, mimicking, distinguish

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
When Scarlett Johansson found out her voice and face had been used to promote an artificial intelligence app online without her consent, the actor took legal action against the app maker, Lisa AI.

The video has since been taken down. But many such "deepfakes" can float around the Internet for weeks, such as a recent one featuring MrBeast, in which an unauthorized likeness of the social media personality can be seen hawking $2 iPhones.

Lots of people are getting this deepfake scam ad of me... are social media platforms ready to handle the rise of AI deepfakes? This is a serious problem pic.twitter.com/llkhxswQSw
- MrBeast (@MrBeast) October 3, 2023

Artificial intelligence has gotten so good at mimicking people's physical looks and voices that it can be hard to tell if they're real or fake. Roughly half of the respondents in two newly-released AI surveys - from Northeastern University and Voicebot.ai and Pindrop - said they couldn't distinguish between synthetic and human-generated content.

This has become a particular problem for celebrities, for whom trying to stay ahead of the AI bots has become a game of whack-a-mole.

Now, new tools could make it easier for the public to detect these deepfakes - and more difficult for AI systems to create them.

"Generative AI has become such an enabling technology that we think will change the world," said Ning Zhang, assistant professor of computer science and engineering at Washington University in St. Louis. "However when it's being misused, there has to be a way to build up a layer of defense."

Scrambling signals

Zhang's research team is developing a new tool that may help people combat deepfake abuses, called AntiFake.

"It scrambles the signal such that it prevents the AI-based synthesize engine from generating an effective copycat," Zhang said.

Zhang said AntiFake was inspired by the University of Chicago's Glaze - a similar tool aimed at protecting visual artists from having their works scraped for generative AI models.

This research is still very new; the team is presenting the project later this month at a major security conference in Denmark. It's not currently clear how it will scale.

But in essence, before publishing a video online, you would upload your voice track to the AntiFake platform, which can be used as a standalone app or accessed via the web.

AntiFake scrambles the audio signal so that it confuses the AI model. The modified track still sounds normal to the human ear, but it sounds messed up to the system, making it hard for it to create a clean-sounding voice clone.

A website describing how the tool works includes many examples of real voices being transformed by the technology, from sounding like this:

To this:

You would retain all your rights to the track; AntiFake won't use it for other purposes. But Zhang said AntiFake won't protect you if you're someone whose voice is already widely available online. That's because AI bots already have access to the voices of all sorts of people, from actors to public media journalists. It only takes a few seconds-worth of an individual's speech to make a high-quality clone.

"All defenses have limitations, right?" Zhang said.

But Zhang said when AntiFake becomes available in a few weeks, it will offer people a proactive way to protect their speech.

Deepfake detection

In the meantime, there are other solutions, like deepfake detection.

Some deepfake detection technologies embed digital watermarks in video and audio so that users can identify if they are made by AI. Examples include Google's SynthID and Meta's Stable Signature. Others, developed by companies like Pindrop and Veridas, can tell if something is fake by examining tiny details, like how the sounds of words sync up with a speaker's mouth.

"There are certain things that humans say that are very hard for machines to represent," said Pindrop founder and CEOVijay Balasubramaniyan.

But Siwei Lyu, a University of Buffalo computer science professor who studies AI system security, said the problem with deepfake detection is that it only works on content that's already been published. Sometimes unauthorized videos can exist online for days before being flagged as AI-generated deepfakes.

"Even if the gap between this thing showing up on social media and being determined to be AI-generated is only a couple of minutes, it can cause damage," Lyu said.

Need for balance

"I think it's just the next evolution of how we protect this technology from being misused or abused," said Rupal Patel, a professor of applied artificial intelligence at Northeastern University and a vice president at the AI company Veritone. "I just hope that in that protection, we don't end up throwing the baby out with the bathwater."

Patel believes it's important to remember that generative AI can do amazing things, including helping people who've lost their voices speak again. For example, the actor Val Kilmer has relied on a synthetic voice since losing his real one to throat cancer.

Patel said developers need large sets of high-quality recordings to produce these results, and they won't have those if their use is completely restricted.

"I think it's a balance," Patel said.

Consent is key

When it comes to preventing deepfake abuses, consent is key.

In October, members of the U.S. senate announced they were discussing a new bipartisan bill - the "Nurture Originals, Foster Art, and Keep Entertainment Safe Act of 2023" or the "NO FAKES Act of 2023" for short - that would hold the creators of deepfakes liable if they use people's likenesses without authorization.

"The bill would provide a uniform federal law where currently the right of publicity varies from state to state," said Yael Weitz, an attorney with the New York art law firm Kaye Spiegler.

Right now, only half of the U.S states have "right of publicity" laws, which give an individual the exclusive right to license the use of their identity for commercial promotion. And they all offer differing degrees of protection. But a federal law may be years away.
This story was edited by Jennifer Vanasco. The audio was produced by Isabella Gomez Sarmiento.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Worried about AI hijacking your voice for a deepfake? This tool could help

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Emerging tools may make it easier for the public to detect fake online videos, and more difficult for generative AI systems to create them.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Why Can Some of Us Remember Dreams, While Others Rarely Do?

# data[].attributes.body
Dreams are a mysterious place where most of us adventure when we sleep. While many people remember their dreams, some people never do.

This article written by Megan Schmidt shows that everyone dreams, but factors like memory, personality, and brain differences can affect dream recall.

Those people who remember their dreams tend to have more creative and open personalities, while logical thinkers people may not think much about their dreams.

Women are more likely to remember dreams, but age can affect dream recall. Individual lifestyle, visual memory, cognitive skills, and attitude toward dreams can also play an important role.

Keeping a dream journal, conducting a dream experiment, and practicing dream recall can help enhance dream memory. Researchers are continuing to explore why dreams differ in clarity and frequency between different persons.

Purpose: the purpose of the article is to inform

Credibility: in the article, the author Megan Schmidt mention several investigation done by scientists in the university of California, so this article has a solid base of information.

Reaction: is amazing how scientists are trying to investigate this in decades and they are still figuring out what or why the vanished dreams still occurring.

Vocabulary:  neuroimaging, tidbits, frameworks.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
For many of us, our dreams transport us to a surreal world where logic and reason have no reign. Some of us may even look forward to sleep - and the adventures we'll go on in our dreams.

What is it about people who don't remember their dreams that set them apart from the people who do? Is it possible for the brain to stop producing dreams? And could something be wrong in the brains of people who report never dreaming?

Does Everyone Dream?

Yes, pretty much everyone dreams. In fact, dreaming may help foster problem-solving, memory consolidation, and emotional regulation.

How Many People Remember Their Dreams?

Why Are We So Fascinated By Dreams?

Our fascination with dreams stems from their mysterious and captivating nature. Raphael Vallat, a neuroscientist specializing in sleep and dream research at the University of California, Berkeley Sleep and Neuroimaging Lab, offered her insights. Vallat says dreaming "is one of the last frontiers in our understanding of the human mind."

And learning about dream recall - the why and how of remembering one's dreams - may help scientists solve some of the mysteries of the dreaming mind. Work by Vallat and others in the field has uncovered a number of interesting tidbits that seem to separate the dreamers from the so-called nondreamers, or the people that seldom or never remember their dreams.

Why Don't I Remember My Dreams?

As a general rule, memories of our dreams quickly fade. When we wake up, Vallat says memory encoding is especially fragile. The harsh blare of an alarm clock is often enough to distract us, preventing fleeting memories of dreams from ever being recorded to our long-term memory.

"Waking up is like going from air to water while holding sand in your hand, Vallat said. "Holding the sand is like holding the memory of your dream. And you're trying to dive into the water without losing any sand in your hand. The idea is that it's very hard to keep this fragile memory of your dream."

Why Are Some of Us Remembering Dreams?

But for some reason, some of us are better than others at holding onto dreams. And while science still has a long way to go in understanding dream recall, it seems that brain differences, individual characteristics and aspects related to the dreams themselves all play a role.

What Is Dream Recall?

"Dreamers tend to be more anxious, but they're also more open to experiences and more creative people," Vallat said. "The analogy I make is that dreamers are the artists, whereas nondreamers are the engineers."

The idea is that some aspects of our waking lives may influence some aspects of our dream lives. And personality probably influences a person's attitude toward dreaming in general. Someone who tends to be more logical and analytical, like an engineer, maybe wouldn't give dreams a second thought. And it's no coincidence that those most interested in their dreams can also recall them more often.

Why Can I Remember My Dreams?

If you have an "inner accepting" lifestyle, characterized by a sense of control, less curiosity in non-interpersonal issues, and self-assuredness, you may experience enhanced dream recall.

Those with excellent visual memory and high creativity can recall dream imagery more vividly.

Dream recall is associated with well-developed cognitive processes, including perception, learning, and memory, enabling people to remember dreams.

Valuing dreams as meaningful experiences and having a positive attitude toward them can enhance dream recall, as it fosters interest and motivation to remember dreams.

Who Are Most Likely to Remember Dreams?

For some people, much of dream recall boils down to individual characteristics out of our control.

Women and Dreams

"If you look at dream recall in children, you don't find any differences between boys and girls. But then ... girls report typically recalling more dreams around the age of 14 or 15," Vallat said. "The theory is that women are typically more encouraged to speak about their emotions as teenagers, and this extrapolates to dreaming. Teenage boys are less encouraged to speak about their dreams or feelings."

Older Adults and Dreams

Do age-related changes make much of a difference when it comes to dream recall? Vallat said probably not. Instead, day-to day stressors like deadlines, bills and appointments often take precedence over our dream worlds.

Read More: The Importance of Sleep for Your Body

How Your Brain Controls Your Dreams

Differences between dreamers and nondreamers may also be shaped by brain differences. And consequently, how a brain is wired may influence a person's ability to recall dreams. While we're asleep, our brain's default mode network takes over, allowing our minds to wander. We use this brain region when thinking about ourselves or others in the past or future, but also while daydreaming or dreaming during sleep.

Default Mode Network and Dreams

"Being lost in thoughts is very similar to actual dreaming in terms of neuro-connectivity and brain activation," Vallat said.

How Your Sleep Controls Dreams

It may not come as a surprise, then, that dreamers are also more prone to waking up at night, and have longer periods of wakefulness, as another study by Vallat found in 2017.

This wakefulness is another must-have component of memory formation. And brief periods of awakenings - around two minutes - is enough time for dreams to be encoded into long-term memory, the paper explained. If you're a light sleeper, dream recall probably feels natural to you.

What Parts of Our Brains Control Dreams?

Gray and White Matter and Dreams

Gray matter makes up about half of our brains. If you think of a brain as a computer, gray matter would represent the information processing systems that handle intricate cognitive tasks.

White matter, comprising the other half of our brain, would act as the cables that connect different components together, allowing brain communication to flow.

Vallat and a team of researchers found that individuals who often remember their dreams have a greater abundance of white matter in a specific brain region known as the medial prefrontal cortex. This area is closely associated with processing information related to oneself.

Their discovery provides yet another compelling piece of evidence that shows brain connectivity is important in dream recall.

Prefrontal Cortex and Dreams

But having more white matter may not just help you remember your dreams, it may also promote dream creation.

Now, the big question is whether these people simply stopped remembering their dreams or if the actual process of dreaming came to a halt. Vallat suggests it could be a combination of both.

The vividness or peculiarity of dreams likely plays a role in their recall, and if these individuals do dream, those dreams might be quite ordinary, causing them to slip from memory. Alternatively, it's possible that they genuinely stopped dreaming altogether, but as of now, there's no clear way to confirm which scenario is accurate.

Why Can't I Remember My Dreams?

On the other hand, you might rarely remember your dreams. These are some of the factors that prevent us from recalling our dreams.

Individuals with an "inner refusing" lifestyle, marked by a lack of control, high curiosity in non-interpersonal problems, and feeling less self-assured, may have lower dream recall.

People with poorer visual memory and lower creativity may struggle to remember their dreams as vividly as others.

Those with underdeveloped cognitive processes, including perception, learning, and memory, may have difficulty recalling dreams.

A negative attitude or indifference toward dreams can lead to a lack of interest in remembering them, impacting dream recall.

Why Don't I Dream Anymore?

Two lifestyle changes that could impact why you may not be dreaming anymore could be related to your REM sleep and any substances you may be taking.

A good night's sleep isn't just good for your health, it's also good for retaining dream memories. People who are "dream deprived" tend to be sleep deprived, too. While we dream all throughout the night, it's easier for us to remember dreams that occurred during the Rapid Eye Movement stage of sleep. And people may miss out on REM sleep by cutting sleep short.

Substance Use

Certain substances can affect your ability to remember or experience dreams. People who use alcohol and THC may also tend to forget dreams, as these substances are known to suppress dream-rich REM sleep, Vallat said. So, hangovers aren't the only downside to over-imbibing.

How to Remember Dreams

Remembering your dreams is simple if you ask Michael Schredl, a researcher at the Central Institute of Mental Health in Germany, who has studied a wide range of factors that can influence recall. It's really an ability where "practice makes perfect."

Keep a Dream Journal

If you keep trying to remember your dreams, you eventually will. "In my opinion, the main factor is focusing on dream recall," Schredl said in an email. "Simply keeping a dream journal or being encouraged to recall dreams can dramatically increase dream recall frequency in low dream recallers."

Conduct a Dream Experiment

But if you're still not convinced that you do dream, Vallat outlined an alarm clock experiment you can try. But, beware: You'll feel miserable the following day.

All you need to do is set an alarm to sound every hour throughout the night. Each time you wake up, ask yourself if you were just dreaming and then write it down. Chances are, you'll catch yourself dreaming at least half the night.

"I'd probably guess you'd remember a dream six times out of 10, with most happening in the second part of the night," he said. "Try it for yourself, although, I am not responsible for the very bad day you'll have after this experiment."

This article was originally published on July 24, 2019 and has since been updated with new information from the Discover staff.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Why Can Some of Us Remember Dreams, While Others Rarely Do?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Much of dreaming remains a mystery, but scientists have some ideas as to why certain people can remember dreams better than others.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
LinkedIn is laying off nearly 700 employees

# data[].attributes.body
LinkedIn, which is owned by Microsoft, is cutting jobs again, they are letting go of about 668 employees in various departments, they had already laid off 716 employees in May.

LinkedIn is making changes to how they work, trying to be more efficient. Even though their revenue and the number of users have gone up, they have noticed changes in how people use their platform, and this is affecting their revenue growth.

Following this path, Microsoft (LinkedIn's owner) also laid off 10,000 employees earlier this year to save money. Other big tech companies like Amazon, Google, and Meta have also had to lay off workers recently.

Purpose: the purpose of the article is to inform

Credibility: the author never mentioned that he is an expert of the topic of something like that, so I don’t think is credible

Reaction: I still don’t understand why the big millionaire corporations do this kind of cut personal, they don’t suppose to be one of richest of the world ?

Vocabulary: revenue, growth, lay-off

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The Microsoft-owned social media platform LinkedIn is laying off nearly 700 employees, it said in a statement Monday.

About 668 positions across the company's engineering, product, talent and finance departments will be eliminated. The announcement comes after the company said in May it was laying off 716 employees.

LinkedIn said it is restructuring the company and "streamlining our decision making."

"We are committed to providing our full support to all impacted employees during this transition and ensuring that they are treated with care and respect," LinkedIn said.

In its most recent quarterly report released in July, LinkedIn said its revenue increased 5% year over year and surpassed $15 billion for the first time. Website membership also grew for the past eight quarters to more than 950 million accounts.

LinkedIn said in its May layoff announcement that despite revenue and user growth, it has been "seeing shifts in customer behavior and slower revenue growth."

In January, Microsoft said it was laying off 10,000 employees to cut costs.

Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella said at the time the company is "seeing organizations in every industry and geography exercise caution as some parts of the world are in a recession and other parts are anticipating one."

There have been mass layoffs across the tech industry, including at Amazon, Google and Meta.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
LinkedIn is laying off nearly 700 employees

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The popular professional networking site is laying off people in positions across its engineering, product, talent and finance departments.

# data[].attributes.body
This article is trying to say something about the critical role of the quality of the leaders in determine the success and culture of organizations. It emphasizes that incompetent leaders can lead to toxic work environments, underperformance, and even organizational collapse. The economic impact of avoiding a toxic worker is stressed, being twice as high as hiring a high qualified worker.

Incompetent leadership is defined as the prejudicial effects a leader has on subordinates, followers, or the organization as a whole, with arrogance being a central trait.

The article argues that people, especially those in power, often lack self awareness about their own incompetence, making it crucial for those who  examined leadership candidates to detect signs of incompetence.

The article addresses the overconfidence commonly found in leaders, particularly men, and the tendency to equate arrogance with talent.

It suggests that overconfidence results from privilege and that a more meritocratic approach to leadership selection would lead to better leaders

Purpose: the purpose of the article is to inform how to detect a bad leader

Credibility: the author of the article never says that he is an expert of the topic, so I don’t know if I can trust this source

Reaction: makes sense from my point of view, everything that the author said is a fact.

Vocabulary: collapse, mitigating, arrogance

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
If we want less incompetent men in leadership roles, those responsible for judging candidates need to improve their ability to distinguish between confidence and competence. The good news is that, for some time now, we have had at our disposal scientifically valid assessments to predict and avoid managerial and leadership incompetence. There are systematic individual differences in how people present themselves, and these differences predict people’s leadership style and competence. When you are able to put thousands of leaders through the same self-report questionnaires, and you link their responses to their leadership style, performance, and effectiveness, you can identify the key patterns of self-presentation that characterize good and bad leaders. The bad news is that, despite the availability of such tools, very few organizations are using them.

Tweet

Post

Share

Save

Get PDF

Buy Copies

Print

If you want to understand why some companies have a toxic culture, underperform relative to their potential, and eventually collapse — look no further than the quality of their leadership teams. Whereas competent leaders cause high levels of trust, engagement, and productivity, incompetent ones result in anxious, alienated workers who practice counterproductive work behaviors and spread toxicity throughout the firm. Consider that the economic impact of avoiding a toxic worker is two times higher than that of hiring a star performer.

Incompetent leaders are the main reason for low levels of employee engagement, and the prevalent high levels of passive job seeking and self-employment.

When I first made this point seven years ago, a large number of people wondered about the meaning of incompetence, especially in connection to leadership. Whatever way you look at it, the essence of incompetent leadership is easy to define: it is a function of the detrimental effects a leader has on their subordinates, followers, or organization. Few traits are as central to the anatomy of incompetent leadership as arrogance. Contrary to popular belief, most people are overconfident rather than underconfident. Neither is it the case that we are better off when leaders have a great deal of confidence. Confidence (how good you think you are) is primarily beneficial when it is in sync with your competence (how good you actually are). However, a great deal of research has shown that people who are really bad at something rate their own skills as highly as people who are really good at something — mainly due to a lack of self-awareness.

This means that we cannot realistically rely on those in power to measure their own capabilities. But if this is true, who should be responsible for predicting, and ideally mitigating, incompetence in leaders?

In an ideal world, those vetting candidates for leadership roles — in both politics and the business world — would make an effort to detect the potential signals of incompetence. Culture, whether good or bad, is just the product of the values and behaviors of our leaders. It follows that the best way to create a positive one is to stop unethical people from rising to the top. This applies equally to both genders, but for some reason we seem less preoccupied with combating incompetence in men than in women. Of course, from a fairness standpoint hiring managers could just make it easier for incompetent women to become leaders, but a much better alternative is to instead discriminate more widely against incompetent men, for they are currently overrepresented in such roles.

To start, those responsible for judging leadership candidates need to improve their ability to distinguish between confidence and competence. The one main advantage men have over women when it comes to being picked for these roles is our human tendency to equate hubris and arrogance to talent. Although it is true that all of us are generally overconfident, men tend to be more overconfident (and arrogant) than women. This is partly for biological reasons — gender differences in impulsivity, dominance, and aggressiveness appear in all cultures and from a very early age — but also for cultural reasons.

Overconfidence is the natural result of privilege. If the future of leadership were more meritocratic, and managers selected leaders on the basis of their talent and potential rather than Machiavellian self-promotion, reckless risk taking, or narcissistic delusions, we would not just end up with more women leaders, but also with better leaders. Many competent men are also overlooked for leadership roles because they don’t match our flawed leadership archetypes — meaning, they are perceived as “not masculine enough,” or fail to display the very attributes that make leaders less effective.

The good news is that science has found a way to combat this problem. For some time now, we have had at our disposal scientifically valid assessments to predict and avoid managerial and leadership incompetence. Even simple tests that may initially seem innocuous or ineffective can predict whether someone is likely to be an incompetent leader. The underlying reason is that there are systematic individual differences in how people present themselves, and these differences predict people’s leadership style and competence. When you are able to put thousands of leaders through the same self-report questionnaires, and you link their responses to their leadership style, performance, and effectiveness, you can identify the key patterns of self-presentation that characterize good and bad leaders.

Consider the following questions, which are characteristic of science-based assessments used to evaluate leadership potential and match people to jobs. Hundreds of independent scientific studies have used such questions to predict the future competence levels of leaders. The process is really quite straightforward: you compare the responses of different leaders and correlate them to their levels of performance (i.e., how they impact their teams and organizations). To the degree that a question is useful to predict whether a leader will have positive or negative effects on their teams, it is retained and used to calculate a general competence coefficient (to take the actual assessment and find out your score, go here):

1. Do you have an exceptional talent for leadership?

2. Would most people want to be like you?

3. Do you rarely make mistakes at work?

4. Are you blessed with a natural charisma?

5. Are you able to achieve anything you want, just by putting your mind to it?

6. Do you have a special gift for playing office politics?

7. Are you destined to be successful?

8. Is it easier for you to fool people, than for people to fool you?

9. Are you just too talented to fake humility?

Why are such simple self-report assessments able to predict incompetent leadership? Because they can reliably measure arrogance and overconfidence. People with these tendencies, including narcissistic individuals, are typically uninterested in portraying themselves in humble ways. Consider this recent academic paper, based on 11 independent experiments, showing that you can spot narcissists with just one question: “Are you a narcissist?” The surprising findings here is not that an outright or transparent question is enough to identify narcissists, but that narcissists are (a) somewhat self-aware of their narcissisms, and (b) rather proud of it. In other words, people who love themselves disproportionately are often proud of their egos and more aware of their delusions than one may think.

The bad news is that, despite the availability of such tools, very few organizations are using them. The problem then, it seems, is not that we lack the means to spot incompetence, but that we more often choose to be seduced by it. This means we have only ourselves to blame for our self-destructive leadership choices. Perhaps it is time to stop paying lip service to humility and integrity, until we practice what we preach and pick leaders on the basis of these traits. Instead of promoting people on the basis of their charisma, overconfidence, and narcissism, we must put in charge people with actual competence, humility, and integrity. The issue is not that these traits are difficult to measure, but that we appear to not want them as much as we say.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
If we want less incompetent men in leadership roles, those responsible for judging candidates need to improve their ability to distinguish between confidence and competence. The good news is that, for some time now, we have had at our disposal scientifically valid assessments to predict and avoid ma…

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
A $100M Advanced Fighter Jet Went Missing Flying Over South Carolina, and the Military Wants the Public's Help Finding It

# data[].attributes.headline
Critical evaluation: Chat gpt summarize about my journal 4. Military 

# data[].attributes.subject
Critical evaluation: Chat gpt summarize about my journal 4. Military 

# data[].attributes.body
This article reports on the loss of a U.S. Marine Corps F-35B fighter jet during a recent incident. The pilot ejected from the jet, which was on autopilot, and landed safely. However, the $100 million jet is missing, and authorities are seeking the public's assistance in locating it.

The article highlights the challenges in finding the missing aircraft, partly due to its advanced nature. F-35B jets have stealth features that make them difficult to detect, and the transponder on this particular jet wasn't functioning. The search is focused on areas north of Joint Base Charleston, South Carolina.

It also discusses the history of accidents and issues related to the F-35 program, emphasizing its high cost and accident-prone nature. There have been several incidents involving F-35s, including crashes and technical glitches.

Despite these challenges, the U.S. military is committed to finding the missing F-35B and maintaining its fleet of these advanced fighter jets.

—————————————————

Critical evaluation:

1) this summary was very similar to mine, I think I did a better job with this article than the other one (art)

2) We used similar words and similar size length sentences too, but this time he mention more information than me again

3) I think with this article chat gpt did an aceptable job because the article was to short, maybe with a longer article the AI could get a better job

4) I can try to improve my summary skills trying to cover all the information. Also using more synonyms and more complex sentences

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The missing jet was flying with another F-35B north of Charleston in South Carolina. Something went wrong and the pilot ejected. He landed in a North Charleston neighborhood and was rushed to the hospital and is in stable condition. The jet, however, went missing. It was on autopilot and its transponder wasn't working.

It wasn't working "for some reasons that we haven't yet determined," Jeremy Huggins, a representative for Joint Base Charleston, . "So that's why we put out the public request for help."

One might wonder why the military can't easily find its own extremely expensive next-generation fighter craft. The advanced nature of the aircraft might make it hard to find. F-35's come equipped with radar reflectors that make it hard to track. "The aircraft is stealth, so it has different coatings and different designs that make it more difficult than a normal aircraft to detect," Huggins said.

The F-35B could have crashed into one of the lakes that's currently being searched. It also could be soaring through the skies even now, burning up its fuel up there alone. It wouldn't be the first time this has happened. In June, a Cessna 560 continued to fly before eventually crashing after its pilot at the controls. In 1970, a F-106 Delta Dart landed gently in a cornfield after its pilot ejected.

Then there's all the F-35 related accidents. Critics have long pointed out that the 5th generation fighter program is an expensive and accident prone mess. Each jet costs between $110 and $135 million, with the total program expected to cost almost $2 trillion during its entire lifetime. More than 90 congressional districts manufacture some piece of the F-25, which has helped guarantee its continued use.

In 2021, another F-35B shot itself in the skies above Arizona. In 2022, a software glitch caused an F-35 to crash in Utah . That same year, one of the jets ate absolute shit while coming in for a landing in Fort Worth, Texas. Also in 2022, an F-35B in Japan snapped its landing gear and smashed its nose into a runway while being towed. The Navy variant of the jet made headlines the same year after leaked footage hit the internet showing one of the $100 jets crashing when it came for a landing on an aircraft carrier.

In May 2020, an F-35 landed too hard, "rolled, caught fire, and was completely destroyed," according to the Air Force . In 2019, an F-35A in Japan crashed into the Pacific Ocean, killing the pilot. That same year, an F-35 exploded after colliding with another plane and falling to the ground .

The F-35B lost near Charleston isn't even the first F-35-related incident in South Carolina. In 2018, another F-35B in Beaufort County. In 2014, an F-35 caught fire while it was in flight. This is just one of the many times that an F-35 has randomly caught fire .

Joint Base Charleston will continue to look for its wayward jet fighter. America will continue to pay billions of dollars to keep the accident-prone jets flying.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
A $100M Advanced Fighter Jet Went Missing Flying Over South Carolina, and the Military Wants the Public's Help Finding It

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
An F-35 stealth fighter went missing in the skies after its pilot ejected, and the military is asking for the public's help to find it.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
How to make a meaningful connection with a work of art : Life Kit

# data[].attributes.headline
Critical evaluation: Chat gpt summarize about my journal 2. Art 

# data[].attributes.subject
Critical evaluation: Chat gpt summarize about my journal 2. Art 

# data[].attributes.body
This article discusses how to create a meaningful connection when looking at art and have a fulfilling museum experience. Art historian Susie Hodge emphasizes the importance of keeping an open mind when visiting museums and allowing oneself to feel a range of emotions in response to the artwork.

The article suggests that personal connections can be drawn from the art, even if they differ from the artist's intention, and encourages visitors to consider their own emotional landscape.

Choosing a museum relevant to your interests is recommended to increase the likelihood of connecting with an artwork. It advises keeping museum visits short and focused to avoid information overload, and being strategic about what to explore.

When in front of an artwork, the article suggests getting up close to observe its texture, brushstrokes, and movement, then stepping back to see the big picture. It also mentions looking at art from different angles and even physically engaging with it.

By understanding how artists express emotions and perceive the world, visitors can gain a deeper understanding of themselves and different ways of making and moving in the world.

—————————————————

Critical evaluation:

1. Chat gpt summarize is more accurate, it mention all the details & every crucial point that I missed

2. chat gpt summary is more concise, I used longer sentences trying to explain every point, the AI did it shorter and used more complex words

3. AI can do a great job in summarize this kind of article, but if you ask them about an opinion or something in real life, it could miss some main points, like trying to explain an specific feeling

4. I can try to get better at my summarizing skills reducing the number of words with the objective of doing a shorter and more concise work.

Also I made the mistake of mention and explain all the points, just to mention them is more than enough, I don’t have to explain every single one of them.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
There's something very powerful that happens when people look at the abstract paintings of Mark Rothko, says art historian Susie Hodge.

As they observe his technique and color - perhaps two shades of red fading into each other on a large canvas - people start to "block out the rest of the world. You're focused. And it's just you and this work of art," says Hodge, who has written over 100 books about art, including How Art Can Change Your Life.

Many of us would love to have this kind of deep connection when we look at a painting or sculpture, but how do you do that exactly? Art can feel inaccessible, as if it can only be interpreted by those who know a ton about the subject. And museums can be overwhelming.

Life Kit talks to three art professionals about how to create a meaningful connection when looking at art - and have a museum experience that leaves you feeling revitalized and inspired.

1. Keep an open mind

When you walk into an art museum, try not to have any preconceived notions about what you're about to see, says Hodge.

Some artworks may be surprising, others might be a let down. And that's OK. "So many people have said to me they're disappointed with the size of the Mona Lisa. They expect it to be huge and it's tiny. So some people will be disappointed by that," she says.

And don't let the art intimidate you. "Don't go in and think, 'It's all very heavy, it's art,' " says Hodge. "It can just be fun. It can just be something that tickles my senses and grabs me."

So allow yourself to feel however the art makes you feel, she says. You can love it. You can hate it. You can cry, feel angry or laugh.

Viewing art can have a profound impact on our psyche, says Hodge. Studies have shown that it can lower stress - particularly when people view images of landscapes and seascapes. And it makes us feel good. Another study found that looking at a gorgeous painting or sculpture increased blood flow to the brain by as much as 10% - the equivalent of looking at someone you love.

2. Let the art be a conduit for your own emotions

Even though it may not be what the artist intended, let yourself draw personal connections to the art, says Hodge.

A color, a pattern or flower in a painting, for example, "might trigger something in the deep recesses of your memory or your childhood," she says.

Pay attention to your own emotional landscape too. Did you recently go through a breakup? Did you just get married? Did you start a new job? What's going on in your own life can affect how you view a work, says Hodge.

Recently, she had been writing about a memento mori, an artistic symbol that serves as a reminder of the inevitability of death. After a close friend passed away, she realized that she was "looking at it completely differently today to how I would have looked at it three weeks ago," she says.

These free associations will help elicit an emotional reaction when you look at a work. Let your mind wander and follow your train of thought wherever it leads you. And a deep connection "will happen," says Hodge.

3. Pick a museum that feels relevant to your interests

You can boost your chances of finding an art piece you connect with by going to a museum that interests you, says Jessica Lynne, an art critic and the co-founding editor of ARTS.BLACK, a digital journal of art criticism. If you're interested in climate change, for example, you might pick a museum that's showing artworks inspired by Earth conservation, she says.

This may seem like obvious advice, but whatever reason gets you in the door to a museum is a good reason. If you want to visit Yayoi Kusama's "Infinity Mirrors" installation because it's popular, you think it looks pretty and want to take a photo for Instagram, that's a perfectly valid reason to go and visit, says Lynne.

Wanting to see something beautiful is nothing to be "snuffed at," she adds. "We all have an aesthetic perspective and beauty is so important to how we live and how we make ourselves in the world."

If you want to go to a museum just for the 'gram ... do it. No judgment here.

4. Keep your museum visit short and focused

Once you've picked the place you want to visit, how do you navigate the space and make the most of your time? Art museums can be huge - the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., for example, has over 130,000 paintings, sculptures and artworks. And the Museum of Modern Art in New York has almost 200,000 works.

Hodge says to be realistic about how long you can spend at the museum. You don't need more than an hour or two. After that, it becomes "information overload" and it's hard to stay focused and retain what you've seen.

Next, be strategic about what you want to look at, says PJ Policarpio, a museum educator who works at the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco helping young people get excited about art.

"Are you looking to look at something new or are you looking to return to an artwork you've already seen and loved?" he says. That can help you decide whether to spend your time exploring a museum's latest exhibit or revisiting an existing collection that calls to you.

Either way, there's no right way to go through an art museum, says Policarpio - so just follow your interests.

5. Really look at the art

Once you're in front of an artwork you like, what should you do?

Get up close and personal. We have the luxury of seeing the real thing at a museum, says Policarpio, so take your time to observe qualities about a work that may not come through on a computer screen. That includes its ...

Texture: the look and feel of its surface

Brushstrokes: the marks made by the brush across the surface

Movement: the path your eyes take when viewing the work

Stand back. Next, he says, take a few steps back, stand in the center - and observe what's happening in the big picture. What's going on in the piece? How are the figures in the piece arranged?

"What are they doing? How are they related? What is the action?" says Policarpio.

Look at it from an angle. Then, Hodge says to try looking at an artwork from its sides, because you might catch something you might not have seen straight on.

"If it's something like 'The Ambassadors' by Holbein at The National Gallery in London, if you stand to the side, you'll see something that from front on looks very different. When you stand to the side, it changes. That's called anamorphic art," she says.

The hidden image in that painting, by the way, is a skull to remind you of your mortality. Imagine if you didn't take the time to look at it from an angle!

Move your body. If you're looking at a painting, you can take a finger to the air and trace the outline of the figure or the movement of the brushstrokes, says Policarpio, who does this exercise with his students at the museum where he works. And when looking at sculptures, try mimicking the poses with your body.

This can help you "see and feel what it might be like to make this artwork" from the artist's perspective, he adds.

Consider the subject of the art. That can have a profound effect on how you feel about the work - and perhaps you can learn something from it. Hodge shares the example of Andrew Wyeth's famous painting, Christina's World, which depicts a girl with a degenerative muscular disorder crawling across a field to get to her home in the distance.

The painting "personifies determination," says Hodge. "And in a way, it can relieve your stress to know that we do have this inner strength."

6. Reflect and appreciate

So how does looking at the composition, the brushstrokes, the color, the subject or the kind of artistic technique help you actually make a personal connection to an artwork?

Policarpio says all this observation can help us more deeply appreciate how artists express their emotions and make sense of the world around them. In turn, it can open up new pathways and possibilities of how we might make sense of these things in our lives too.

"When we look at art and open ourselves to understanding it, we gain a deeper understanding not just of artists, but also different kinds of ways of making and moving," he says.

Get more tips on how to look at art, including how much information to read during an exhibit, by listening to the podcast episode here.

The audio portion of this episode was edited by Clare Marie Schneider. The digital story was edited by Meghan Keane. We'd love to hear from you. Leave us a voicemail at 202-216-9823, or email us at LifeKit@npr.org.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to make a meaningful connection with a work of art : Life Kit

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Art professionals explain how to look at paintings and sculptures like an expert - and how to make the most out of a museum visit. This episode originally published January 10, 2023.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
A $100M Advanced Fighter Jet Went Missing Flying Over South Carolina, and the Military Wants the Public's Help Finding It

# data[].attributes.body
This past Saturday something weird happened, an F-35 jet was flying in South Caroline without a pilot inside. The authorities said the jet is flying with a broken transponder and that’s the reason why is so difficult to track the jet right now.

The U.S marine corps were doing some training with two jets but one of them had problems during the drill and the pilot ejected successfully, but the jet never crashed and continue to fly by itself.

The pilot was found in North Charleston and is in stable condition; however, the pilot said he don’t know what happened to the jet and he thinks it will be to hard to find because that jet is a specific stealth aircraft, therefore is extremely difficult to locate.

That’s why the government is asking for help from all the locals for any information that they can have to find the 100 million dollars jet.

Purpose: the purpose of the author is to inform about this military accident with no precedent.

Credibility: the event is true, this just happened few days ago; however, the author never said that he is a militar or aircraft expert but the information is credible

Reaction: I bet this is the first time that the military have this kind of accident, I never heard about a self flying jet before.

Vocabulary: transponder, locate, stealth.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The missing jet was flying with another F-35B north of Charleston in South Carolina. Something went wrong and the pilot ejected. He landed in a North Charleston neighborhood and was rushed to the hospital and is in stable condition. The jet, however, went missing. It was on autopilot and its transponder wasn't working.

It wasn't working "for some reasons that we haven't yet determined," Jeremy Huggins, a representative for Joint Base Charleston, . "So that's why we put out the public request for help."

One might wonder why the military can't easily find its own extremely expensive next-generation fighter craft. The advanced nature of the aircraft might make it hard to find. F-35's come equipped with radar reflectors that make it hard to track. "The aircraft is stealth, so it has different coatings and different designs that make it more difficult than a normal aircraft to detect," Huggins said.

The F-35B could have crashed into one of the lakes that's currently being searched. It also could be soaring through the skies even now, burning up its fuel up there alone. It wouldn't be the first time this has happened. In June, a Cessna 560 continued to fly before eventually crashing after its pilot at the controls. In 1970, a F-106 Delta Dart landed gently in a cornfield after its pilot ejected.

Then there's all the F-35 related accidents. Critics have long pointed out that the 5th generation fighter program is an expensive and accident prone mess. Each jet costs between $110 and $135 million, with the total program expected to cost almost $2 trillion during its entire lifetime. More than 90 congressional districts manufacture some piece of the F-25, which has helped guarantee its continued use.

In 2021, another F-35B shot itself in the skies above Arizona. In 2022, a software glitch caused an F-35 to crash in Utah . That same year, one of the jets ate absolute shit while coming in for a landing in Fort Worth, Texas. Also in 2022, an F-35B in Japan snapped its landing gear and smashed its nose into a runway while being towed. The Navy variant of the jet made headlines the same year after leaked footage hit the internet showing one of the $100 jets crashing when it came for a landing on an aircraft carrier.

In May 2020, an F-35 landed too hard, "rolled, caught fire, and was completely destroyed," according to the Air Force . In 2019, an F-35A in Japan crashed into the Pacific Ocean, killing the pilot. That same year, an F-35 exploded after colliding with another plane and falling to the ground .

The F-35B lost near Charleston isn't even the first F-35-related incident in South Carolina. In 2018, another F-35B in Beaufort County. In 2014, an F-35 caught fire while it was in flight. This is just one of the many times that an F-35 has randomly caught fire .

Joint Base Charleston will continue to look for its wayward jet fighter. America will continue to pay billions of dollars to keep the accident-prone jets flying.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
A $100M Advanced Fighter Jet Went Missing Flying Over South Carolina, and the Military Wants the Public's Help Finding It

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
An F-35 stealth fighter went missing in the skies after its pilot ejected, and the military is asking for the public's help to find it.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
7 habits to live a healthier life, inspired by the world's longest-lived communities

# data[].attributes.body
Life expectancy in America has decreased a little bit and diabetes has been the principal death’s cause in the 21th century, but a new Netflix show called “Live to 100: Secrets of the Blue Zones” has showed it secrets to the whole world.

People from Japan, more specifically in Okinawa, has about 3 times more chances to reach 100 years old than America, the author, Dan Buettner will tell us how these people lives, what they do and what’s the secret to have that long life.

The author says one of the secrets of this long life people is that the majority of them lives in “blue zones”. For Dan Buettner a blue zone is a place where the population don’t think about exercise or diet, they just live their lives, they create an environment unwittingly just doing their habits, rituals and cultural norms.

Dan Buettner also says every single one of them incorporate movement in their daily routine, like gardening. That kind of outdoor activity benefits a lot the body of an old person, preventing joint degeneration.

The author mention that the people from the blue zones has a slower pace life, they have a lot of time to cook their own food properly and around 90% of them has a vegetarian diet. He also mention the importance of sleep quality and take a 1 hour nap everyday to have energy all day long.

One of the last advice the author gives is to abandon the big cities and aim to a calmer place in a country side, closer to the beach, better the location. Live in a quiet place is one of the most important things, owning a house in a peaceful area takes away your homeownership concerns.

Last but not least, Dan Buettner finally said the life has no meaning if you are living it without a partner or far away from your family, keep the family together is one of the greatest motivations ever.

Purpose: the purpose of the author is to inform and also to change our lifestyle (persuasion)

Credibility: the author did an investigation and create a Netflix series about this topic, so I believe he is an expert and the information is credible

Reaction: this is not a surprise for me, everything the author said has a lot of sense, you just need the perfect environment to archive this

Vocabulary: unwittingly, evocative, weathered.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
At a time when life expectancy in the U.S. has dipped and diet-related disease is a leading cause of death, it's no wonder that Dan Buettner's decades-long exploration of centenarians who thrive in the longest-lived communities on Earth is attracting lots of attention.

His new Netflix documentary, Live to 100: Secrets of the Blue Zones, is trending as a top streaming pick. In it, there's an evocative scene, set against the backdrop of the turquoise waters and sugar-sand beaches of Okinawa, a subtropical archipelago about 1,000 miles south of Tokyo.

Compared with Americans, people in Okinawa are about three times more likely to reach their 100th birthday, according to Buettner's research. He introduces us to centenarians who garden, cook, sing, laugh and play. Their weathered skin and slow gaits don't stop them from living fully, albeit simply.

There are equally beautiful scenes from other long-lived communities, which Buettner calls "blue zones," including Ikaria, an island off the coast of Greece in the Aegean Sea, and the mountain villages of Sardinia, off the coast of Italy.

As a viewer and reader - The Blue Zones: Secrets for Living Longeris the companion book that Buettner has just published - I felt myself pining for their way of life.

For most of us, it's not feasible to swap places with these island dwellers, many of whom maintain a centuries-old, eat-from-the-land existence in remote corners of the globe. But we can learn from their simple habits and customs.

"People in blue zones, they're not thinking about their health or a diet or an exercise program. They're not doing anything except living their lives," Buettner says.

They are living longer without intentionally setting out to do so. He says they have unwittingly created an environment - through their habits, rituals and cultural norms - that promote health and longevity.

So after watching the documentary, reading the book and interviewing Buettner, here's my take on ways to swap old habits for new ones, based on the blue zone revelations.

Swap 1: Trade the La-Z-Boy for a mat and a garden

Build movement into your day. For those of you who don't like the gym, you may be inspired by the way people in the blue zones incorporate movement into their everyday routines. "Plant a garden in your backyard," Buettner says. "A garden nudges you to weed and water and harvest almost every day," and that keeps you moving, he says. Also, instead of lounging on chairs or sofas, emulate the Okinawans' approach to spending more time on the floor, either sitting or squatting.

"I sat for two days with a 104-year-old woman who got up and down off the floor 30 times," he recalls. That equates to 30 squats and helps maintain strength in the legs and core.

"It makes for better balance and flexibility and probably healthier backs and fewer falls," Buettner says. Falls are the leading cause of injury and injury death in people over 65 in the U.S., and these strategies could help prevent one.

Swap 2: Ditch DoorDash and eat like a peasant

Buettner describes meeting the oldest family in the world, whose collective age of nine siblings was 860 years (about a 95-year average). Their daily staple was a traditional Sardinian minestrone soup made from leftover garden vegetables, beans, a little barley, some tomatoes and a bit of olive oil. The Sardinians also eat a lot of whole-grain sourdough. "People in the blue zones are eating the cheapest peasant foods," Buettner says.

And while the blue zones he visits are distinct geographically, their diets are similar. The top five pillars of the blue zones' diets are whole grains, vegetables, greens, beans and tubers, such as sweet potatoes.

"A cup of beans a day is associated with an extra four years of life expectancy," Buettner says of his analysis. And people mostly cook their own meals. "There's no DoorDash in the blue zones," Buettner jokes.

People live a slower pace of life and use lots of herbs in their cooking. The Sardinians love rosemary. In Costa Rica's Nicoya region, cilantro is a favorite, and in Ikaria, fennel, oregano and sage are popular. "They know how to make their peasant food taste delicious, and that's the secret," he says.

Swap 3: Reduce meat and aim for a plant-forward approach

Buettner reviewed about 150 dietary surveys conducted in the blue zones over the last 80 years. "If you average them, more than 90% of their dietary intake comes from complex carbohydrates - whole plant-based foods," he says. For instance, Okinawans eat a lot of sweet potatoes, which are rich in vitamin A. And in the Nicoya Peninsula in Costa Rica, carotenoid-rich squash is a staple.

The typical diet in the U.S. includes about 220 pounds of meat per year, per person. In the blue zones, it's about 20 pounds a year: "About 1/10th of what we eat," Buettner says. There's just a little bit of cheese and a small amount of fish. In Okinawa, tofu is a staple and is often eaten twice a day, mixed with vegetables and herbs. And a key principle of eating there is to stop when you're 80% full.

One way to be aware of how much you're eating is to turn off the TV, put your devices away and save the dining table as a place to slow down and savor. Mindful eating has been shown to help people moderate their intake.

Swap 4: Give loneliness the boot - become a joiner

Costa Rica's Nicoya Peninsula is a blue zone that spans a 30-mile strip made up of pastureland and tropical forests. The climate is warm and sunny. People don't make much money, but the country's health care system is generous and men in the region are about three times more likely to live to 90 compared with men in the United States. As Buettner points out, its isolation from the rest of the world has helped stitch people together. "They rely on each other," Buettner says.

He describes meeting a woman named Panchita who was well over 100 years old. Each day, her 85-year-old son and his children biked to her house to help feed the chickens. In return, she cooked them some beans and some rice. "There's this beautiful symbiosis," he says. Not only do they put family first, but their customs and rituals bind them together. "They tend to be Catholic, so they show up to church. Festivals are a priority," he explains.

There's a similar prioritization of family and community in Loma Linda, Calif., home to a large concentration of members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. It's one of the original five blue zones and the only one in the United States. (Initiatives aimed at leveraging the blue zone strategies to improve health are underway in communities around the United States.)

Adventists tend to hang out with other Adventists. The church gives them a foundation. "They have potlucks and [take] nature walks," Buettner says. Bottom line, they show up for each other, and they live about seven years longer than the average American.

If organized religion isn't your cup of tea, there are lots of ways to find community based on your interests, whether it's playing pickleball, joining a gardening or hiking club or getting involved in a civic project in your community.

Swap 5: Revamp social media to cultivate friends and a sense of purpose

"The best longevity hack is to curate your immediate social circle," Buettner told me. That doesn't mean dumping an old friend who has some unhealthy habits, but "they're probably influencing you in the wrong way," he says. Take a play from the Okinawan playbook, where they join small groups called moais to help support and encourage each other.

You can do this in your social media feed as well. One strategy is to curate your feeds so you're seeing content from people who share your interests and values. If someone makes you feel uncomfortable, say goodbye. Find people who "fill your bucket" and inspire you.

Over the years, I've written a lot about research that shows just how contagious our habits are. If you're happy and engaged, positive emotions can spread. If you aim to live a healthier life, your odds improve if those around you are committed too. So, try this blue zone principle of human behavior to help align yourself with people who can serve as a sounding board to help you live with purpose.

Swap 6: In lieu of an afternoon espresso, take a nap

When I gather with friends, the conversation often revolves around the zillion things keeping us busy. Between our work commitments, launching kiddos to college, caring for aging parents and travel, this busyness can be viewed as a status symbol. To push through these busy days, it's common to caffeinate rather than downshift. But this is the antithesis of a blue zone mindset.

The alternative: a cat nap for as little as 20 minutes in the afternoon. It's a habit that Buettner says he has adopted in his own life. In Ikaria, where it gets very hot, people tend to stay up very late, past midnight, often socializing, he says. Since they wake up late, a midafternoon siesta makes sense. "Almost all of them nap," Buettner says.

The siesta is an age-old tradition, of course. And though modern life has pushed it to near extinction, the most recent science shows that a 20-minute nap can make up for an hour of lost sleep and helps keep you sharp later in the day.

Swap 7: Trade big-city rents for an affordable home (and maybe keep your parent nearby)

For this swap, a lot of people may need some assistance, but consider how Singapore has helped its residents.

About 80% of people in Singapore own their home, which is an extraordinarily high rate of ownership. This is partly the result of a government policy to subsidize apartments, beginning decades ago.

Singapore is new to the list of blue zones. "Over the last 50 or so years, they've grown life expectancy by almost a quarter of a century, and they've done so by prioritizing people's health and well-being over just business interests," Buettner says. Singapore has adopted policies to promote health such as subsidizing food and prioritizing walkability in the city. "What you have is this very walkable, clean environment where healthier choices are easier," Buettner says. He points to another unique concept: a tax break for people who keep their aging parents close.

So though homeownership is out of reach for many Americans, especially in big cities, here's one strategy to consider: a move to a more affordable town, especially for young adults looking to put down roots.

There's no single change to create a culture of health. Moving the needle requires dozens of small steps and initiatives that can help nudge people toward better choices and make the healthier choice the easiest. Buettner acknowledges that the original blue zones are fading. The isolation of many of these communities has helped preserve the traditional way of life, but urbanization and the global economy are pushing people to more modern lifestyles.

We'd be wise to stop and take note. A body of scientific research validates the blue zone way of life: Good food, good sleep, good friends, plenty of movement and a sense of purpose are a recipe for living better.
This story was edited by Jane Greenhalgh

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
7 habits to live a healthier life, inspired by the world's longest-lived communities

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Dan Buettner has spent decades exploring the lifestyles and diets of people in remote places where living to 100 is more common. Here are life-enhancing habits from these "blue zones."

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
How to make a meaningful connection with a work of art : Life Kit

# data[].attributes.body
Some people could think that understand art is extremely difficult, but Malaka Gharib says if you do specific techniques is not hard at all.

The average person would say to comprehend a piece of art you need to know a lot of information about the topic, well the author claims not necessarily, you just need to follow 3 easy steps.

1) keep your mind open all the time: avoid the preconceived thinks, just receive all the stimulus that you can of the museum

2) let the art feels your emotions: don’t let a paint intimidate you, allow yourself to feel however the art makes you feel. you can love it, you can hate it, you can cry, or even feel angry.

3) go to a museum that you are interested in: you can increase your chance to connect if you go to a place where all the art is a topic that you like, you’ll enjoy it more.

Another advice the author gives is to maintain the visit to the museum as short as possible, that way you can be more focused and would be easier to get the messages from the paints.

Purpose: the purpose of the author is to inform giving you tips to enjoy art

Credibility: I’m not sure about the credibility because the author never said that she is an expert, but the author interview an art historian

Reaction: I’m not a fan of art or go to the museum, but with this new techniques I just learned, I could give it a try in the near future

Vocabulary: overwhelming, gorgeous, trigger

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
There's something very powerful that happens when people look at the abstract paintings of Mark Rothko, says art historian Susie Hodge.

As they observe his technique and color - perhaps two shades of red fading into each other on a large canvas - people start to "block out the rest of the world. You're focused. And it's just you and this work of art," says Hodge, who has written over 100 books about art, including How Art Can Change Your Life.

Many of us would love to have this kind of deep connection when we look at a painting or sculpture, but how do you do that exactly? Art can feel inaccessible, as if it can only be interpreted by those who know a ton about the subject. And museums can be overwhelming.

Life Kit talks to three art professionals about how to create a meaningful connection when looking at art - and have a museum experience that leaves you feeling revitalized and inspired.

1. Keep an open mind

When you walk into an art museum, try not to have any preconceived notions about what you're about to see, says Hodge.

Some artworks may be surprising, others might be a let down. And that's OK. "So many people have said to me they're disappointed with the size of the Mona Lisa. They expect it to be huge and it's tiny. So some people will be disappointed by that," she says.

And don't let the art intimidate you. "Don't go in and think, 'It's all very heavy, it's art,' " says Hodge. "It can just be fun. It can just be something that tickles my senses and grabs me."

So allow yourself to feel however the art makes you feel, she says. You can love it. You can hate it. You can cry, feel angry or laugh.

Viewing art can have a profound impact on our psyche, says Hodge. Studies have shown that it can lower stress - particularly when people view images of landscapes and seascapes. And it makes us feel good. Another study found that looking at a gorgeous painting or sculpture increased blood flow to the brain by as much as 10% - the equivalent of looking at someone you love.

2. Let the art be a conduit for your own emotions

Even though it may not be what the artist intended, let yourself draw personal connections to the art, says Hodge.

A color, a pattern or flower in a painting, for example, "might trigger something in the deep recesses of your memory or your childhood," she says.

Pay attention to your own emotional landscape too. Did you recently go through a breakup? Did you just get married? Did you start a new job? What's going on in your own life can affect how you view a work, says Hodge.

Recently, she had been writing about a memento mori, an artistic symbol that serves as a reminder of the inevitability of death. After a close friend passed away, she realized that she was "looking at it completely differently today to how I would have looked at it three weeks ago," she says.

These free associations will help elicit an emotional reaction when you look at a work. Let your mind wander and follow your train of thought wherever it leads you. And a deep connection "will happen," says Hodge.

3. Pick a museum that feels relevant to your interests

You can boost your chances of finding an art piece you connect with by going to a museum that interests you, says Jessica Lynne, an art critic and the co-founding editor of ARTS.BLACK, a digital journal of art criticism. If you're interested in climate change, for example, you might pick a museum that's showing artworks inspired by Earth conservation, she says.

This may seem like obvious advice, but whatever reason gets you in the door to a museum is a good reason. If you want to visit Yayoi Kusama's "Infinity Mirrors" installation because it's popular, you think it looks pretty and want to take a photo for Instagram, that's a perfectly valid reason to go and visit, says Lynne.

Wanting to see something beautiful is nothing to be "snuffed at," she adds. "We all have an aesthetic perspective and beauty is so important to how we live and how we make ourselves in the world."

If you want to go to a museum just for the 'gram ... do it. No judgment here.

4. Keep your museum visit short and focused

Once you've picked the place you want to visit, how do you navigate the space and make the most of your time? Art museums can be huge - the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., for example, has over 130,000 paintings, sculptures and artworks. And the Museum of Modern Art in New York has almost 200,000 works.

Hodge says to be realistic about how long you can spend at the museum. You don't need more than an hour or two. After that, it becomes "information overload" and it's hard to stay focused and retain what you've seen.

Next, be strategic about what you want to look at, says PJ Policarpio, a museum educator who works at the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco helping young people get excited about art.

"Are you looking to look at something new or are you looking to return to an artwork you've already seen and loved?" he says. That can help you decide whether to spend your time exploring a museum's latest exhibit or revisiting an existing collection that calls to you.

Either way, there's no right way to go through an art museum, says Policarpio - so just follow your interests.

5. Really look at the art

Once you're in front of an artwork you like, what should you do?

Get up close and personal. We have the luxury of seeing the real thing at a museum, says Policarpio, so take your time to observe qualities about a work that may not come through on a computer screen. That includes its ...

Texture: the look and feel of its surface

Brushstrokes: the marks made by the brush across the surface

Movement: the path your eyes take when viewing the work

Stand back. Next, he says, take a few steps back, stand in the center - and observe what's happening in the big picture. What's going on in the piece? How are the figures in the piece arranged?

"What are they doing? How are they related? What is the action?" says Policarpio.

Look at it from an angle. Then, Hodge says to try looking at an artwork from its sides, because you might catch something you might not have seen straight on.

"If it's something like 'The Ambassadors' by Holbein at The National Gallery in London, if you stand to the side, you'll see something that from front on looks very different. When you stand to the side, it changes. That's called anamorphic art," she says.

The hidden image in that painting, by the way, is a skull to remind you of your mortality. Imagine if you didn't take the time to look at it from an angle!

Move your body. If you're looking at a painting, you can take a finger to the air and trace the outline of the figure or the movement of the brushstrokes, says Policarpio, who does this exercise with his students at the museum where he works. And when looking at sculptures, try mimicking the poses with your body.

This can help you "see and feel what it might be like to make this artwork" from the artist's perspective, he adds.

Consider the subject of the art. That can have a profound effect on how you feel about the work - and perhaps you can learn something from it. Hodge shares the example of Andrew Wyeth's famous painting, Christina's World, which depicts a girl with a degenerative muscular disorder crawling across a field to get to her home in the distance.

The painting "personifies determination," says Hodge. "And in a way, it can relieve your stress to know that we do have this inner strength."

6. Reflect and appreciate

So how does looking at the composition, the brushstrokes, the color, the subject or the kind of artistic technique help you actually make a personal connection to an artwork?

Policarpio says all this observation can help us more deeply appreciate how artists express their emotions and make sense of the world around them. In turn, it can open up new pathways and possibilities of how we might make sense of these things in our lives too.

"When we look at art and open ourselves to understanding it, we gain a deeper understanding not just of artists, but also different kinds of ways of making and moving," he says.

Get more tips on how to look at art, including how much information to read during an exhibit, by listening to the podcast episode here.

The audio portion of this episode was edited by Clare Marie Schneider. The digital story was edited by Meghan Keane. We'd love to hear from you. Leave us a voicemail at 202-216-9823, or email us at LifeKit@npr.org.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to make a meaningful connection with a work of art : Life Kit

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Art professionals explain how to look at paintings and sculptures like an expert - and how to make the most out of a museum visit. This episode originally published January 10, 2023.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
A DNA Analysis Upends What We Thought Ötzi the Iceman Looked Like

# data[].attributes.body
A DNA analysis upends what we through Ötzi the iceman looked like by discover magazine (Matt Hrodey)

In 1991 a group of tourists were climbing between the border of Austria-Italia and found in a hollow a estrange corpse, that body was Ötzi, a mummified person from 3.300 BC.

Since the discovery, the scientists were trying to figure out how Ötzi died and in 2001 an X-ray scan showed an arrowhead in his shoulder, giving them the hypothesis that he were murdered.

Later in 2012 the scientists discovered from a DNA test that Ötzi was actually from Asia and not from Europe like they thought, showing darker skin.

Also, the scientists were shock because that was a clearly evidence of migration as early as 3.300 BC, showing that migration is not something new.

Purpose: the purpose of the author is to inform the new information that the scientists have about Ötzi.

Credibility: I am not completely sure about the credibility because the author mentioned “the researchers” but he never said who they are.

Reaction: every day I’m more amazed about the advances of the microbiology, medicine & DNA development, is still amazing how the scientists an discovered stuff that happened thousands of years ago.

Vocabulary: hollow, stumbled, hailed.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
A DNA Analysis Upends What We Thought Ötzi the Iceman Looked Like

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
With just a crown of hair and a new skin color, he would have looked like a whole new Ötzi Man.