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Excludes Asians from naturalized citizenship - naturalized citizenship restricted to whites

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Supreme Court affirms that the 1790 Naturalization Act denies citizenship due to the fact that Asians are not “white” (race based on skin color)

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Passed in the wake of the Civil War and the ending of enslavement, the Civil Rights Act of 1866 declared all people born in the United States to be citizens. Now, native born Asian Americans can are considered US citizens. Andrew Johnson vetoed this legislation but he was overruled by Congress.

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Race Riots in LA lead to the lynching of 22 Chinese men

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Schooling is only provided for white children. Asian Americans (as well as other groups such as Mexican Americans, Native Americans, African Americans) denied access to public education in California.

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Bans Chinese workers from coming to the US

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Under the 14th amendment the Supreme Court rules that everyone gets access to public schooling. This results in the creation of segregated schools for Chinese Americans in California.

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1906 - San Francisco School Board Ruling

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1906 - San Francisco School Board Ruling

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Segregated schools created for Chinese, Japanese and Korean students

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1914 - Japanese Education Association founded in Hawaii

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1914 - Japanese Education Association founded in Hawaii

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Creation of Japanese Language Schools for Japanese living in Hawaii. Many local white leaders oppose this change because public schools were supposed to provide "Americanization." This was a divisive issue for both Japanese and whites in Hawaii.

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Takao Ozawa was born in Japan but graduated from high school in California, and attended the University of California. He married an American women. Supreme Court determines he is not eligible for citizenship because he is not "white."

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1924 - Mississippis courts segregate Chinese students

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1924 - Mississippis courts segregate Chinese students

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1924 - Hawaiian government tries to ban Japanese Language Schools

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1924 - Hawaiian government tries to ban Japanese Language Schools

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This is eventually overturned by the Supreme Court in 1927 and the schools are permitted to operate.

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1923 Bhagat Singh Thind v. United States

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1923 Bhagat Singh Thind v. United States

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Asian Indians claimed they were eligible for citizenship because they were Caucasian. Previous rulings in the Supreme Court has considered "white person" the same as "Caucasian." Supreme Court rules they are not eligible for citizenship because "white" means an immigrant from Europe.

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Japanese Americans placed in concentration camps during World War II. Many were native born American citizens.

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1943 Congress ends Chinese Exclusion Act

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1943 Congress ends Chinese Exclusion Act

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Chinese gain the right to become naturalized citizens

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Ends racial restrictions affiliated with the 1790 Naturalization Act

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Ends racial segregation in schools

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Abandons US goal of maintaining an all-white nation and allows more immigration from various parts of the world. This results in the number of Asian immigrants significantly.

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When the California school system was integrated, the school system gained many Chinese students who were not fluent in English. They were denied any supplemental English or bilingual education.

The Supreme Court ruled this unconstitutional in 1974 because it was a violation of the Civil Rights Act and the 14th Amendment and stated that they schools needed to provide additional English education.