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Seismonastic movement is the types of movements and responses that are shown by the plants when they receive stimulus. The stimulus could be electrical, pressure, chemical, heat, touch, etc. When they experience stimulus, they move away from the stimulus source.

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Chemonastic movement can be define as the movement or response of parts of plant, animals or any other organisms towards a chemical stimulus. This attraction brings a change in structure, position and organ affected by the stimulus

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Nyctinasty refers to the nastic movement of leaves or petals of higher plants in response to darkness (or the alternation of day and night). The closing of a flower at dusk, for instance, is a biological rhythmic event. Another is the sleep movement of the legume leaves during the night.

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Thermotaxis is defined as movement toward or away from a thermal stimulus. Worms can learn to associate a particular temperature with the presence or absence of food.

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The chemotactic movement is a result of Marangoni type convection forces developed as a result of interfacial tensions gradients caused by the addition of NaCl.

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Phototaxis (phototactic response) is the cellular behavior in which cells swim toward or away from the light source (positive or negative phototaxis, respectively)

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Thigmotropism is a tropic response an which the stimulus os touch or contact. roots growing away from solid object such as stone os negative thigmotropism whereas stems tend to grow toward or warp themselves around the object that they come into contact

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Chemotropism is a growth movement of plants part in response to chemical stimulus. example, roots grow toward useful minerals in the soil but away from acidic substances.

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A plant's growth response to water is known as hydrotropism roots tend to grow towards water, thus they show positive hydrotropism.

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Phototropism os the movement or growth of plants in response to light. Shoots exhibit positive phototropism as they grow towards light whereas roots grow away from sunlight as they are negatively phototropism.

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Geotropism os the growth movement of tips of the shoot and roots of plants in response to gravity

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can be due to changes in

turgor

or changes in

growth

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movements of locomotion,

which are induced by some

directional external stimuli

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occurs in response to

unidirectional external

stimuli & result in positioning

of the plant part in the

direction of the stimulus

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Nastic: this movement occurs due to

differences in the rate of growth on the two

opposite surfaces of a plant organ.

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Nutation:

supporting organ in

spiralling

or

twinning around the support.

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This movement occurs due to periodic

variations

in the turgidity of cells of an organ.

The best example is Indian telegraph

plant,

Desmodium

gyrans

,

where up and

down

movements

of the two lateral leaflets

occur in a

rhythmic

manner.

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These movements are brought about by unequal

growth on different sides of an organ.

These are of the following two types of this

movement:

Examples: Opening of floral buds and circinately

coiled leaves are good examples of nastic

movements.

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Movements of the

whole plant body

or of an organ or of material within

the plant cell which occur in

responses to inherent factors, free

and spontaneous

Examples:

cyclosis (streaming of

protoplasm), oscillatory movements

of

Oscillatoria,

Motility of

zoospores.