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Individually, take 2 examples from your daily life (e.g., human heart, digestive system EXCEPT RESPIRATORY SYSTEM).

Answer the following below:

1. Identify the cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism involved.

2. Explain how they work together to maintain life.

DO NOT FORGET TO WRITE YOUR NAME.

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Example 1: Eating food (Digestive System)

1. Cell: Epithelial cell (lining of the stomach)
Tissue: Epithelial tissue
Organ: Stomach
Organ System: Digestive system
Organism: Human

2. Explanation:
The epithelial cells in the stomach secrete enzymes and acids to digest food. These cells form epithelial tissue that protects the stomach wall. The stomach, as an organ, breaks food into smaller parts, and the digestive system processes nutrients for energy. This process provides the body with fuel needed for daily life and survival.

Example 2: Running or walking (Muscular System)

1. Cell: Muscle cell (myocyte)
Tissue: Muscle tissue
Organ: Leg muscle (e.g., quadriceps)
Organ System: Muscular system
Organism: Human

2. Explanation:
Muscle cells contract to produce movement. These cells form muscle tissue that makes up organs like the leg muscles. The muscular system works with the skeletal system to allow walking and running. This movement helps circulate blood, strengthens the body, and supports overall health—helping maintain life.

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Example 1: Human Heart (Circulatory System)

Cell: Cardiac muscle cell (heart muscle cell or cardiomyocyte) – responsible for contracting and pumping blood.

Tissue: Cardiac muscle tissue – made up of many cardiac cells that contract rhythmically to push blood.

Organ: Heart – pumps blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients while removing waste.

Organ System: Circulatory system – includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels; it transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells.

Organism: Human – relies on the circulatory system to maintain homeostasis by ensuring all body cells receive what they need to function.

Explanation: The cardiac cells work together to form cardiac tissue, which makes up the heart. The heart then functions as part of the circulatory system to pump blood around the body. This system supplies oxygen and nutrients and removes waste products, keeping the human body alive and healthy. ⸻

Example 2: Stomach (Digestive System)

Cell: Epithelial cell – lines the stomach and secretes digestive enzymes and acids.

Tissue: Epithelial tissue – protects the stomach lining and helps in the secretion of digestive substances.

Organ: Stomach – breaks down food into smaller molecules using acids and enzymes.

Organ System: Digestive system – includes the mouth, stomach, intestines, and other organs that digest food and absorb nutrients.

Organism: Human – needs the digestive system to convert food into energy and building materials for cells.

Explanation: Epithelial cells form tissues that line the stomach, allowing it to secrete enzymes and acids that digest food. The stomach then works with other parts of the digestive system to break down food and absorb nutrients. This process provides the energy and nutrients the human body needs to grow and survive.

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Brain (Nervous System)

Cell: Neuron
Tissue: Nervous tissue
Organ: Brain
Organ System: Nervous system
Organism: Human

Neurons send electrical messages all over your body which helps you think, move, and feel things. The brain controls everything, from breathing to emotions, making sure your body stays balanced and alive.

Muscle (Muscular System)

Cell: Muscle cell
Tissue: Muscle tissue
Organ: Muscles
Organ System: Muscular system
Organism: Human
Muscle cells contract to move your body. The muscular system works with the skeletal system so you can walk, lift stuff, or even blink. This keeps your body active and functioning properly.

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Muscular system:

Cells = Muscle Fibers

Tissue = Muscle Tissue

Organ = Muscles

Organ System: Muscular System

Organism Involved = Any animal with muscles

Skeletal system System:

Cells = Bone cells

Tissue = Cartilage

Organ = Bones

Organ System: Skeletal System

Organism Involved = Any animal with a vertebrate

Explanation:

The muscular and skeletal systems work together as the musculoskeletal system to enable movement and support. Muscles attach to bones through tendons, and when muscles contract, they pull on the bones to create motion. The skeleton provides a rigid framework for the muscles to act on, allowing the body to move, maintain posture, and protect vital organs.

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Nervous System (Reacting to a Hot Object)

Cell: Neuron (nerve cell)

Tissue: Nervous tissue

Organ: Brain

Organ System: Nervous system

Organism: Human

Explanation:
Neurons send electrical signals to the brain and spinal cord. Nervous tissue helps process information quickly. The brain, as part of the nervous system, sends messages to muscles to pull your hand away from something hot. All parts work together to protect the body and maintain safety and life.

Circulatory System (Pumping Blood)

Cell: Red blood cell

Tissue: Cardiac muscle tissue

Organ: Heart

Organ System: Circulatory system

Organism: Human

Explanation:
Red blood cells carry oxygen, and cardiac muscle tissue allows the heart to pump. The heart pushes blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to every cell. The circulatory system ensures that all body parts receive what they need to stay alive and function properly.

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Example 1: Human Heart

Tissue: Cardiac muscle tissue

Organ: Heart

Organ System: Circulatory system

Organism: Human

Explanation:

The heart’s muscle cells work together to pump blood throughout the body. This blood carries oxygen and nutrients to all organs and removes wastes, helping the body stay alive and healthy.

Example 2: Stomach (Digestive System)

1. Cell: Epithelial cell
Tissue: Epithelial tissue and smooth muscle tissue
Organ: Stomach
Organ System: Digestive system
Organism: Human

2. Explanation:
The stomach uses its muscles to mix food and its cells to release acid and enzymes. These help break food into nutrients that the body uses for energy, growth, and repair.

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Amir

Example 1: Brain (Nervous System)

Cell: Nerve cell (neuron)

Tissue: Nervous tissue

Organ: Brain

Organ System: Nervous system

Organism: Human

Explanation:

The nerve cells of the brain transmit and receive messages to regulate the body. They enable us to think, move, and live by coordinating with other parts of the body.

Example 2: Skin (Integumentary System)

Cell: Skin cell

Tissue: Epithelial tissue

Organ: Skin

Organ System: Integumentary system

Organism: Human

Explanation:

It guards the body against germs and regulates body temperature. Its cells and tissues collaborate to secure and protect the body.

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Name: Sionid Inari Nicon Class: Year 9A Subject/Teacher: Science, Cher Restryl

Example 1: The Human Digestive System

Cell: Epithelial cell ( in the stomach lining, small intestine, or liver)

Tissue: Muscle Tissue (Squeezes food down the esophagus and through the stomach)

Organ: Stomach (The main food mixer)

Organ System: Digestive System (All the parts that process food)

Organism: Human Being (Me)

Explanation:

Life is maintained by getting energy from food. Stomach lining cells form a tissue that secretes digestive juices. This tissue makes up the stomach, which is the central organ in the Digestive System. The system breaks down the food into tiny parts (nutrients) that the rest of the Organism needs to live, grow, and move.

Example 3: The Musculoskeletal System

Cell: Osteocyte (Bone cell) OR Skeletal Muscle Fiber (Muscle cell)

Tissue: Connective Tissue (The strong, hard tissue that forms bone) OR Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Organ: Femur (Thigh Bone) OR Biceps Muscle

Organ System: Musculoskeletal System (All the bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments)

Organism: Human Being (Me)

Explanation:

-Life needs movement and protection. Osteocytes (bone cells) form connective tissue that builds strong organs like the femur. These bones, along with muscles (which are made of muscle tissue and muscle fibers), make up the Musculoskeletal System. The system provides the rigid frame for the body and allows for walking, running, and holding things, which are all necessary activities to maintain life for the whole Organism.

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Example 1: Bones (Skeletal System)

Support the body, protect organs, and enable movement

Cell

Bone Cells

Cartilage Cells

Bone Marrow

Tissue

Bone tissue

Cartilage

Dense fibrous connective tissue

Bone Marrow

Organ

Bones

Joints

Accessory organs and structures

Organ System: Skeletal System

Organism

Endoskeletons

Exoskeletons

Hydrostatic Skeletons

Example 2: Nerves (Nervous Systems)

Control both conscious and unconscious actions, process sensory information, and manage thought and emotion.

Guides voluntary actions

Cells

Neurons

Glial Cells

Tissues

Nervous Tissue

Collective Tissues

Organs

Brain

Spinal Cords

Nerves

Ganglia

Organ System: Nervous System

Organism

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Some other organisms (sponge, etc)

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Digestive system (Stomach) :

cell: Parietal Cells (secrete acid), Chief Cells (secrete enzymes), Smooth Muscle Cells.

Tissue: Epithelial Tissue (stomach lining), Smooth Muscle Tissue (stomach wall), Nervous Tissue

Organ: Stomach.

Organ system: Digestive System

Organism: Human

Explanation: Parietal and Chief cells form the glandular tissue that lines the Stomach (organ). Muscle cells form the smooth muscle tissue of the stomach wall. The stomach uses these tissues to churn food and secrete acid and enzymes, beginning the digestive process. This organ is the start of the process that forms the Digestive System. By performing the initial breakdown of food, the stomach ensures that downstream organs can complete the process and absorb nutrients. This is crucial for providing the energy needed for the entire Organism to function and survive.

Nervous system (brain):

cell: Neurons (nerve cells), Glial Cells (support cells).

Tissue: Nervous Tissue (gray matter and white matter).

organ: Brain

Organ system: Nervous System.

Organism: A Human Being.

explanation: Neurons (cells) and Glial Cells form the specialized Nervous Tissue that makes up the Brain (organ). The brain is the control center for the entire Nervous System. It processes sensory information, initiates movement, and regulates all involuntary functions (like heart rate and breathing). By constantly gathering information and sending out regulatory signals, the brain allows the Organism to coordinate its organs and maintain the essential stable internal conditions (homeostasis) necessary for survival.

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Example 1: The Human heart ( Cardiovascular System )

Cell: Cardiomyocyte (a type of muscle cell found in the heart) or Erythrocyte (a red blood cell)

Tissue: Cardiac Muscle Tissue (the tissue that makes up the bulk of the heart wall)

Organ: Heart (the central pump) or Blood Vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)

Organ System: Cardiovascular System (Heart, Blood Vessels, Blood)

Organism: Human

Explanation: The human heart maintains life by continuously pumping blood throughout the body, a function that delivers vital oxygen and nutrients to every cell while removing waste products like carbon dioxide. This muscular pump, beating about 100,000 times a day, moves blood through a network of arteries and veins, ensuring that cells and organs receive the supplies they need to function and that metabolic byproducts are carried away.

Example 2: Picking up a glass water ( Skeletal and Muscular Systems )

Cell: Osteocyte (a bone cell) or Skeletal Muscle Fiber/Cell

Tissue: Bone Tissue (making up the forearm bones) or Skeletal Muscle Tissue (e.g in the biceps)

Organ: Biceps Muscle or Radius/Ulna (forearm bones)

Organ system: Muscular System (for generating force) and Skeletal System (for structure and leverage)

Organism: Human

Explanation: The skeletal and muscle systems maintain life by providing structure, enabling movement, protecting organs, and regulating body functions like temperature and metabolism.

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1: Human Heart

Cell: Cardiac muscle cell

Tissue: Cardiac muscle tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue, epithelial tissue

Organ: Heart

Organism: Human

Explanation: The cardiac muscle cells form the cardiac muscle tissue, which is the primary component of the heart organ. The heart pumps blood throughout the body, keeping you alive. The heart's rhythmic pumping is regulated by nervous tissues and electrical impulses.

2: Brain

Cell: Neuron, glial cell

Tissue: Nervous tissue. connective tissue, epithelial tissue

Organ: Brain

Organ system: Nervous system

Organism: Human

Explanation: Neuron and glial cells form the nervous tissue that make up the brain. The brain is the control center of the nervous system. It manages all the signals in your body, telling you what to do, how to do, etc.

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1 example

pumping blood

cell cardiac muscle cell

heart circulates your blood

tissue cardiac muscle tissue

organ system circulatory system

organism human

they work together by contracting muscle tissue and transfering blood trough veins

2 example

muscular system

cell muscular fibers

tissue muscle tissue

organ muscles

organ system muscular system

organism human

muscle cells contract for you to move this system works with skeletal system to make you able to move

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Example 1: Digestive System

• Cell: Oral epithelial cells

• Tissue: Submucosa

• Organ: Mouth

• Organ System: Digestive System

• Organism: Human & Animals

- The digestive system works by breaking down food into smaller molecules for the body to absorb nutrients and energy. The mouth chews food into smaller pieces. The saliva moistens the food so the molecules can easily be broken down.

Example 2: Nervous System

• Cell: Glial cells

• Tissue: Neural tissue

• Organ: Brain

• Organ System: Nervous System

• Organism: Human

- The nervous system works by sending messages or electrical signals. This happens between your brain and all the other parts of your body. These signals tell you to breathe, move, speak and see. It helps use decide how to respond to any situation we are in.