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The continental margins of major features of the ocean floor are

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is a portion of a continent that is submerged under an area of relatively shallow water, known as a shelf sea.

less than 150 meters of water depth

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depth up to 1200 meters

is a geological feature marking the divide between two ocean zones.

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at the base of the continental slope

is a wide, gentle incline from a deep ocean plain (abyssal plain) to a continental slope.

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1. Active (less than 1 kilometer wide) Active new ocean basins have a lot of new structures being created and shaped.

2. Passive (hundreds of kilometer wide)
Inactive surface is slow to change and does little more than collect sediment.

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Above the oceanic floor

At the center of oceans basins

23% of the earth’s surface water

Long linear mountain chain in all oceans and bound basins

Fracture zones are perpendicular to ridges

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also known as deep-sea fans, underwater deltas, and submarine fans, are underwater geological structures associated with large-scale sediment deposition and formed by turbidity currents.

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Abyssal Fan and Abyssal Plain - Geography Dictionary

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is a deep indent in the surface floor of the ocean and is the deepest part of the ocean

They are typically 50 to 100 kilometers wide and 3 to 4 km below the level of the surrounding oceanic floor, but can be thousands of kilometers in length

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or seamount, is an undersea mountain

Seamounts are formed by volcanic activity and can be taller than 10,000 feet.

They can be isolated or part of large mountain chains

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Stages of Ocean Basins Evolution (Wilson Cycle)

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Stages of Ocean Basins Evolution (Wilson Cycle)

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1. Embryonic

2. Juvenile

3. Mature

4. Declining

5. Terminal

6. Relict scar

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Continental rifting plays a key role in the formation of an ocean.

A new basin will become part of the eventual continental shelf-slope-rise zone

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Seafloor basalts begin forming

Fairly shallow

Normal marine sedimentation of muds, sand and limestone depending on local conditions.

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Broad as it widen

Fairly shallow

Trenches develop and subduction begin

Abyssal plains form

Fully-developed shelf-slope-rise zone

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Subduction eliminates much of seafloor and oceanic ridges

Dominant are spreading and shrinking

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African plate is being consumed under of European plate

the continents are not yet touching but subduction of the intervening oceanic crust causes a narrowing of the sea separating the continents

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Continental collision

Shrinking and uplifting of young mountains

Example can be given are the himalaya mountains