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Police Brutality is sometimes used to refer to various human rights violations by police. This might include beatings, racial abuse, unlawful killings, torture, or indiscriminate use of riot control agents at protests.

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Police Brutality is important to me because I am studying criminal justice and I want to go into Law Enforcement. I don't want to go into career where this is the expectation every time I deal with an individual with a different race, ethnicity, religion or just different lifestyle.

Police Brutality is a topic relevant to the study of race/ethnicity because with the understanding of individuals with language barriers and understanding differences should help with the problems of police brutality

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George Floyd is one of many most recent cases of Police Brutality.

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Why did George Floyd die? The history of police brutality in the U.S. - BBC

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Jonathan Ferrell, Eric Garner, Michael Brown, Laquan McDonald, Tamir Race, Freddie Gray, Samuel DuBose, Breonna Taylor, George Floyd and so many more African Americans have died as a result of Police Brutality. "Out of 1,944 police killings of black people from 2013 to 2019, charges were brought against police officers in 3% of cases"

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A brief history of police impunity in Black deaths

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Although in this course we talked about "global power" shifts, I think it is important to look at just US power shifts like presidency. Democrats favor toward making it a crime for police to use chokeholds which can be seen as police brutality. The power shifts affect the public opinion of police and their funding.

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African American Victims of Police Brutality

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African American Victims of Police Brutality

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After a Kentucky grand jury indicted one former police officer on Wednesday for his role in Breonna Taylor's death, many were reminded a grim roster of African Americans to be killed by police.

In demonstration after demonstration across the country, protesters have been seen carrying signs that include the names of other Blacks whose lives ended violently in encounters with police.

Here are a few of those names:

George Floyd died on May 25 after Derek Chauvin, a white officer, pressed his knee against Floyd's neck even as Floyd said he couldn't breathe. Floyd's death was captured in widely seen bystander video that set off protests around the world.

Chauvin, along with three other officers, were later charged.

Chauvin is charged with second-degree murder, third-degree murder and manslaughter. Thomas Lane, J. Kueng and Tou Thao are charged with aiding and abetting.

On Sept. 11, the former officers appeared in court for a hearing on several issues, including the prosecution's request to hold a joint trial. Attorneys for the four officers say each client should get his own trial.
READ MORE: 4 ex-officers in George Floyd's death blame one another, seek own trials
Elijah McClain died in 2019 when police in Colorado used a stranglehold to arrest him and paramedics injected him with an excessive dose of a powerful sedative.

During the struggle, one officer shouts that McClain had tried to reach for another officer's gun, according to body camera footage. The county coroner ruled back in Nov. 2019 that McClain's cause of death was "undetermined."

This month, city council members in Aurora voted to ban the use of the sedative. It will stay in effect until the city-sponsored independent investigation of McClain's death is complete. Federal and state officials are conducting separate investigations.
READ MORE: Elijah McClain case: Death after arrest by Colorado police receiving renewed attention
Philando Castile was killed by a Minnesota police officer in July 2016. The shooting gained widespread attention after Castile's girlfriend, who was in the car with her then-4-year-old daughter, livestreamed its gruesome aftermath on Facebook.

The officer, Jeronimo Yanez, was acquitted of all charges in a jury trial in 2017. Castile's mother reached a nearly $3 million settlement in his death.
READ MORE: Philando Castile family reaches $3M settlement in death
Michael Brown was fatally shot by Ferguson police officer Darren Wilson. A grand jury decided not to indict Wilson. Brown's death pushed the Black Lives Matter movement into the national spotlight.

Terence Crutcher was fatally shot in 2016 by a white Tulsa police officer, Betty Shelby, who was later acquitted of manslaughter.

Eric Garner was killed in 2014 when white New York City police officer Daniel Pantaleo placed him in a chokehold. His dying words -- "I can't breathe" -- became a national rallying cry against police brutality years before Floyd's death. Pantaleo was not charged.

Alton Sterling was shot and killed by white ex-police officer Blane Salamoni during a struggle outside a Baton Rouge convenience store in July 2016. Louisiana's attorney general ruled out criminal charges against the two officers involved in March 2018, nearly 11 months after the Justice Department ruled out federal criminal charge.

Sterling's family sued the city, its police department and former police chief and the officers. This month, another white officer who assisted in Sterling's arrest was dismissed from the wrongful death lawsuit.
READ MORE: No charges for Baton Rouge officers who killed Alton Sterling in 2016
Oscar Grant was pulled by police from a Bay Area Rapid Transit train early on New Year's Day 2009 and killed by Johannes Mehserle in one of the first police shootings captured on video by bystanders. An Oakland plaza now bears his name.

Freddie Gray died after suffering major spinal injuries while being transported in a Baltimore police van in 2015. Six officers were charged in his death and arrest. Three were acquitted, and the state's attorney general dropped the other cases.

Botham Jean was shot and killed in 2018 inside his apartment by white Dallas police officer Amber Guyger, who said she mistook his apartment for her own. Guyger was sentenced to 10 years in prison.

An undated photo of 26-year-old Botham Jean, who was fatally shot by a Dallas officer who allegedly went into the wrong apartment on Thursday, Sept. 6, 2018.

Atatiana Jefferson was caring for her 8-year-old nephew in Oct. 2019 when white Fort Worth police officer Aaron Dean shot and killed her through a back window of her home while responding to a call about an open front door. Dean was charged with murder.

Bettie Jones was struck by a bullet from Chicago officer Robert Rialmo, who was responding to a domestic dispute at a neighbor's house that also left 19-year-old Quintonio LeGrier dead in 2015. Rialmo was fired nearly four years later.

Laquan McDonald was gunned down by white Chicago police officer Jason Van Dyke in 2014. Police video released in 2015 showed Van Dyke firing 16 bullets into McDonald, many after the teen had crumpled to the ground. Van Dyke was sentenced to seven years in prison.

Tamir Rice was shot and killed by white Cleveland police officer Timothy Loehmann in 2014. Rice, age 12, was playing with a pellet gun. Cleveland Police Department fired Loehmann in 2017 once it was revealed that he was deemed unfit for duty in a previous police job.

Dominique White was armed when Topeka officers, responding to a report of gunfire, confronted him and fatally shot him in 2017. While an internal police investigation found the officers followed department policies, protesters still have questions, as do relatives who have filed a lawsuit.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.

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'Say their names': Stories of Black Americans killed by police

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After a Kentucky grand jury indicted one former police officer on Wednesday for his role in Breonna Taylor's death, many were reminded a grim roster of African Americans to be killed by police.

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In this course we watched a few videos about Asian "How you see me" and this shows how the police and the public see police officers. The public sees the police more as enforcers than police feel they are. The "How you see me" videos are referring to how Americans see different ethnicities and the stereotypes that we expect from them.

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This shows how there seems to be more of a correlation between police shootings and African Americans. The worst thing the police can do is shoot someone and kill them which this is police brutality

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In this course we talk about the hidden cost of being African American, and I bring this up because most people who aren't thinking about the economy don't realize how much police brutality costs us financially. The economy plays a part in the funding that police officers have to take classes to deal with different individuals like different race or ethnicity.

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Originally Published At CNBC

There's the human cost of police misconduct.

Unarmed Black Americans are killed by police officers with appalling frequency. For young Black men, police violence is one of the leading causes of death.

A year ago, former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin kneeled on the neck of George Floyd for more than 9 minutes, murdering him. Throughout the course of the Chauvin trial, at least 64 people died at the hands of law enforcement nationwide. More than half of them were Black or Latino.

There's also the social cost of police misconduct.

Many Black Americans feel fear when they see a police officer. Black parents have to have " The Talk" with their children because of that fear. Don't make sudden movements. Keep your hands at 10 and 2. Say "Yes, sir" and "Yes, ma'am." If you reach for something-do it slowly, but not before telling the police officer what you're reaching for and asking him or her if it's OK.

Both the human and social costs of police misconduct are inhumane and incalculable.

But there's another type of cost as well: the economic cost of police misconduct. Notably, police officers and police departments don't bear the brunt of this cost-taxpayers do.

Every year, taxpayers in cities and counties across the country pay hundreds of millions of dollars to settle lawsuits filed in response to police misconduct, lawsuits that are often settled in secret by municipalities to quietly bury criticism and controversy. In many cases, the costliest of these lawsuits are those involving civil rights violations (e.g. excessive use of force) that result in the physical injury or death of residents.

News organizations and national non-profits have created databases over the years that track police misconduct, but they are usually only able to track allegations, not cost. It's time we had a national database that tracks both. You can't manage what you don't measure. We need to measure the problem as much as possible, so we can manage it in a way that helps save lives-the most important goal-and taxpayer dollars.

Our legislation-The Cost of Police Misconduct Act ( H.R. 1481 and S. 540)-would create such a database by requiring federal, state and local law enforcement agencies to report to the Department of Justice the amount they spend annually on police misconduct judgments and settlements (including court fees) as well as the number and type of police misconduct allegations they receive.

Typically, taxpayers pay for police misconduct judgments and settlements in one of three ways. If their municipality uses liability insurance (typical of smaller municipalities), they pay for them indirectly in the form of premiums. If their municipality uses money from a general or dedicated fund (typical of larger municipalities), then they pay for them directly. The same goes if their municipality issues a bond.

Bonds are particularly common for large judgments or settlements that exceed insurer liabilities or the capacity of general or dedicated funds and often result in taxpayers paying nearly double because the city or county must pay fees to financial institutions and interest to investors. One recent study found that from 2008-2017, taxpayers in Chicago, IL (limited to 2010-2017); Cleveland, OH; Lake County, IN; Los Angeles, CA; and Milwaukee, WI, paid an estimated combined total of $1.73 billion in bonds and interest payments for police misconduct.

The money taxpayers spend on police misconduct has the potential to defund other municipal services, including those proven to prevent crime. In 1983, South Tucson, AZ, went bankrupt after a police misconduct settlement.

In 2017, New Haven, CT, had to issue bonds for a bridge after using funds for that bridge to pay for a police misconduct settlement.

In Minneapolis, taxpayers paid $27 million to settle Floyd's murder with his family, one of the largest settlements for police misconduct ever. Because the payout was so large, Minneapolis had to use a combination of its general fund and self-insurance fund to cover the cost, the latter of which has "has been pushed to the brink in recent years" because of police misconduct, the Washington Post reported. The Minneapolis budget for this year allocates just about the same amount for health services ($28 million) as it does for this settlement.

In September of last year, a billboard was installed in Times Square across from a New York Police Department (NYPD) station. The billboard read: "Hey NYPD. It's us. NYC residents. The ones who pay your salary. We paid $300 million to settle your lawsuits. You paid nothing. We need to talk."

The "talk" that taxpayers in NYC are having with the NYPD about how the department will reform to avoid costly misconduct is a talk that taxpayers in cities and counties across the country need to have with their police departments.

They can't have this talk if they don't have the data. Our bill would ensure they do.
Don Beyer, a Democrat, represents the 8th Congressional District of Virginia in the U.S. House of Representatives. He is the chair of the U.S. Congress Joint Economic Committee. Tim Kaine, a Democrat, represents Virginia in the U.S. Senate. As a former civil rights attorney, mayor and governor, Sen. Kaine has a long track record supporting community policing efforts.

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CNBC -- Police misconduct can be deadly. It also costs taxpayers millions every year.

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Originally Published At CNBC There's the human cost of police misconduct. Unarmed Black Americans are killed by police officers with appalling frequency. For young Black men, police violence is one of the leading causes of death. A year ago, former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin kneeled on the neck of George Floyd for more than 9 minutes, murdering him.

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How America's justice system is rigged against the poor

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As you can see in this chart, the percentage of police brutality is towards black individuals more than any other communities.

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The controversy is how much force police officers are using, are they using just enough force or too much force. Too much force to subdue a suspect is considered police brutality.

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Video released of 'excessive use of force' by fired Texas police officer

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"Both Ohio and federal law protect against police misconduct. Perhaps the most important protection is the federal statute, 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Passed as part of the Civil Rights Act of 1871, § 1983 allows a lawsuit against anyone who “under color of” state law deprives another of the “rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution” or federal statutes. In simple terms, § 1983 is the statute used to sue the police (or other local government officials) for violating a person’s constitutional rights."

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Police officers stop fellow officer punching handcuffed woman during arrest