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Difference between jQuery and React

jQuery and React are JavaScript libraries that provide comparable results using different technologies. Each has different advantages and disadvantages. In this guide, we'll compare jQuery and React.

jQuery joined the show in 2006. At that time, JavaScript was not as common and trendy as it is now. jQuery changed the fate of web user interfaces, enabling developers to deliver interactive experiences easily and painlessly.

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Introduction jQuery and React are JavaScript libraries that provide comparable results using different technologies.

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React Tutorial | Learn ReactJS for Beginners

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React Tutorial | Learn ReactJS for Beginners

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React is a JavaScript library for creating the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of web applications. It is used specifically for creating mobile applications and single-page web applications.

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Sapient Interview Questions | Sapient Recruitment Process (2025) - Tpoint Tech

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Sapient Interview Questions | Sapient Recruitment Process (2025) - Tpoint Tech

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Sapient Interview questions

Sapient is a global consulting and marketing company that provides various services to clients, including business, Marketing, and Technology services. Sapient was founded on November 6, 1990, and is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

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Sapient Interview Questions | Sapient Recruitment Process (2025) - Tpoint Tech

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About the Company: Sapient Sapient is a global consulting and marketing company which provides various services to clients such as Business, Marketing and Te…

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HCL Interview Questions | HCL Recruitment Process (2025) - Tpoint Tech

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HCL Interview Questions | HCL Recruitment Process (2025) - Tpoint Tech

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HCL Recruitment Process

HCL Technologies is an IT specialist corporation works in the field of programming improvement. It was established in 1976 and headquartered in Noida, India. The main benefits provided by the company are R&D and Technology administrations, BPO Services, IT Hardware, Enterprise and Applications Consulting, Remote Infrastructure Management, and so on.

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HCL Interview Questions | HCL Recruitment Process (2025) - Tpoint Tech

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Company Overview HCL Technologies is an IT specialist corporation works in the field of programming improvement. It was established in 1976 and headquartered…

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Capgemini Interview Questions | Capgemini Recruitment Process (2025) - Tpoint Tech

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Capgemini Interview Questions | Capgemini Recruitment Process (2025) - Tpoint Tech

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Capgemini Interview Process

Capgemini SE is a French multinational expert in administration and business consulting, headquartered in Paris, France. It gives IT benefits and is one of the world's biggest IT counseling, outsourcing, and proficient administrations organizations

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© 2025 Bitly - Handmade in New York City, Denver, Berlin, Bielefeld, and all over the world.

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ASCII Value in C

In C programming, the ASCII stands for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a character encoding scheme used for electronic communication. Each character or a special character is represented by some ASCII code, and each ASCII code occupies 7 bits in memory.

In C programming language, a character variable does not contain a character value itself but rather the ASCII value of the character variable. The ASCII value represents the character variable in numbers, and each character variable is assigned some number ranging from 0 to 127. For example, the ASCII value of 'A' is 65.

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Download and Install STS IDE - Tpoint Tech

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Download and Install STS IDE - Tpoint Tech

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Spring Tool Suite (STS) IDE

Spring Tool Suite is an IDE to develop Spring applications. It is an Eclipse-based development environment. It provides a ready-to-use environment to implement, run, deploy, and debug the application. It validates our application and provides quick fixes for the applications.

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Download and Install STS IDE - Tpoint Tech

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Spring Tool Suite (STS) IDE Spring Tool Suite is an IDE to develop Spring applications. It is an Eclipse-based development environment. It provides a ready-t…

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JavaScript Interview Questions and Answers (2025) - Tpoint Tech

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JavaScript Interview Questions and Answers (2025) - Tpoint Tech

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JavaScript Interview Questions and Answers

JavaScript interview questions and answers provide a list of the top 20 interview questions.

1) What is JavaScript?

JavaScript is a scripting language. It is different from Java language. It is object-based, lightweight, cross-platform translated language. It is widely used for client-side validation. The JavaScript Translator (embedded in the browser) is responsible for translating the JavaScript code for the web browser. More details.

To read more: JavaScript Tutorial

2) List some features of JavaScript.

Some of the features of JavaScript are:

Lightweight

Interpreted programming language

Good for the applications which are network-centric

Complementary to Java

Complementary to HTML

Open source

Cross-platform

To read more: Features of JavaScript

3) Who developed JavaScript, and what was the first name of JavaScript?
Read more...

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JavaScript Interview Questions - Tpoint Tech

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Tutorial Compiler Promise Closure DOM Interview Questions JavaScript interview questions and answers for provides a list of top 20 interview questions. The f…

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Tokens in C

A token is the smallest individual element in C. For example, we cannot make a sentence without using words; similarly, we cannot create a program in C without using tokens.

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Python data types are the arrangement of different data items on the basis of their behavior and characteristics. The data types represent the values that variable can store and operations we can perform on those values. Read more....

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Synchronization in Java is a critical concept in concurrent programming that ensures multiple threads can interact with shared resources safely and efficiently. In a nutshell, synchronization prevents race conditions, where the outcome of operations depends on the timing of thread execution. It is the capability to control the access of multiple threads to any shared resource. Synchronization is a better option when we want to allow only one thread to access the shared resource.

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JVM: Java Virtual Machine

JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is an abstract machine. It is a specification that provides a runtime environment in which Java bytecode can be executed.

JVMs are available for many hardware and software platforms

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JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is an abstract machine. It is a specification that provides a runtime environment in which Java bytecode can be executed. JVMs are…

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How to set a path in Java?

In Java, the path is an environment variable used by the operating system. It locates the javac and java commands. In other words, the Java path variable allows us to avoid typing the entire path on the Command Line Interface (CLI) every time we execute the program. We can say that the Java path variable stores a bunch of shortcuts.

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In Java, the path is an environment variable used by the operating system. It locates the javac and java commands. In other words, the Java path variable ent…

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OOPs (Object-Oriented Programming) Concepts in Java - Tpoint Tech

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OOPs (Object-Oriented Programming) Concepts in Java - Tpoint Tech

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OOPs Concepts in Java

Object-oriented programming is a paradigm that provides concepts such as inheritance, data binding, polymorphism, etc.

Simula is considered the first object-oriented programming language. The programming paradigm where everything is represented as an object is known as a pure object-oriented programming language.

Smalltalk is considered the first truly object-oriented programming language.

The popular object-oriented languages are Java, C#, PHP, Python, C++, etc.

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Java keywords are also known as reserved words. Keywords are particular words that act as a key to a code. These are predefined words in Java, so they cannot be used as variable, object, or class names.

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Java keywords are also known as reserved words. Keywords are particular words that act as a key to a code. These are predefined words by Java so they cannot ...

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How to add CSS to HTML pages? - Tpoint Tech

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How to add CSS to HTML pages? - Tpoint Tech

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There are three ways to insert CSS in HTML documents.

Inline CSS
Internal CSS
External CSS

1) Inline CSS

Inline CSS is used to apply CSS on a single line or element.
For more, visit here: Inline CSS

2) Internal CSS

Internal CSS is used to apply CSS to a single document or page. It can affect all the elements of the page. It is written inside the style tag within the head section of HTML.
For more, visit here: Internal CSS

3) External CSS

External CSS is used to apply CSS to multiple pages or all pages. Here, we write all the CSS code in a CSS file. Its extension must be .css, for example, style.css.

For more, visit here: External CSS

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Spring Boot is a module of Spring Framework. It allows us to build a stand-alone application with minimal or zero configurations. It is better to use if we want to develop a simple Spring-based application or RESTful services.

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Spring vs Spring Boot vs Spring MVC - Tpoint Tech

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Spring vs. Spring Boot Spring: Spring Framework is the most popular application development framework of Java. The main feature of the Spring Framework is de…

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) - Tpoint Tech

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) - Tpoint Tech

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"AI is a branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent machines that can behave like humans, think like humans, and be able to make decisions."

Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer to learn, reason, and solve problems like a human being.

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Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) Tutorial - Tpoint Tech

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Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) Tutorial - Tpoint Tech

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Data structures and algorithms (DSA) are two fundamental components of any programming language. Understanding them is crucial for effective programming and problem-solving.

Our Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of Data Structures. It is designed for beginners and professionals. It includes all topics of Data Structure such as Array, Linked List, Stack, Queue, Graph, Tree, Hashing and Heap, Searching, Sorting, etc.

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Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) - Tpoint Tech

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Data structures and algorithms (DSA) are two fundamental components of any programming language. Understanding them is crucial for effective programming and…

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C# Tutorial | Learn C Sharp Programming for Beginners - Tpoint Tech

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C# Tutorial | Learn C Sharp Programming for Beginners - Tpoint Tech

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C# Tutorial (C Sharp)

Our C# tutorial includes all topics of C# such as first example, control statements, objects and classes, inheritance, constructor, destructor, this, static, sealed, polymorphism, abstraction, abstract class, interface, namespace, encapsulation, properties, indexer, arrays, strings, regex, exception handling, multithreading, File IO, Collections etc.

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C# Tutorial | C Sharp Programming for Beginners - Tpoint Tech

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--> C# tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of C#. Our C# tutorial is designed for beginners and professionals. C# is a programming language of .Net…

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CSS Tutorial | Learn Cascading Style Sheets for Beginners - Tpoint Tech

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CSS Tutorial | Learn Cascading Style Sheets for Beginners - Tpoint Tech

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CSS tutorial

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheet.

CSS is used to design HTML tags.

CSS is a widely used language on the web.

HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are used for web designing. It helps the web designers to apply style on HTML tags.

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CSS Tutorial | Learn Cascading Style Sheets for Beginners - Tpoint Tech

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CSS tutorial or CSS 3 tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of CSS technology. Our CSS tutorial is developed for beginners and professionals. The maj…

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Node.js Tutorial | Learn Node.js for Beginners - Tpoint Tech

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Node.js Tutorial | Learn Node.js for Beginners - Tpoint Tech

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Node.JS Tutorial

The Node.js tutorial provides an overview of both basic and advanced concepts of Node.js. Our Node.js tutorial is designed for both beginners and professionals.

Node.js is a cross-platform environment and library for running JavaScript applications, which is used to create networking and server-side applications.

Our Node.js tutorial includes all topics of Node.js such as Node.js installation on windows and linux, REPL, package manager, callbacks, event loop, os, path, query string, cryptography, debugger, URL, DNS, Net, UDP, process, child processes, buffers, streams, file systems, global objects, web modules etc. There are also Node.js interview questions to help you better understand the Node.js technology.

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Node.js tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of Node.js. Our Node.js tutorial is designed for beginners and professionals both.

Node.js is a cross-platform environment and library for running JavaScript applications which is used to create networking and server-side applications.

Our Node.js tutorial includes all topics of Node.js such as Node.js installation on windows and linux, REPL, package manager, callbacks, event loop, os, path, query string, cryptography, debugger, URL, DNS, Net, UDP, process, child processes, buffers, streams, file systems, global objects, web modules etc. There are also given Node.js interview questions to help you better understand the Node.js technology.

What is Node.js

Node.js is a cross-platform runtime environment and library for running JavaScript applications outside the browser. It is used for creating server-side and networking web applications. It is open source and free to use. It can be downloaded from this link https://nodejs.org/en/

Many of the basic modules of Node.js are written in JavaScript. Node.js is mostly used to run real-time server applications.

The definition given by its official documentation is as follows:

Node.js is a platform built on Chrome's JavaScript runtime for easily building fast and scalable network applications. Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model that makes it lightweight and efficient, perfect for data-intensive real-time applications that run across distributed devices.

Node.js also provides a rich library of various JavaScript modules to simplify the development of web applications.
Different parts of Node.js
The following diagram specifies some important parts of Node.js:

Features of Node.js

Following is a list of some important features of Node.js that makes it the first choice of software architects.

1. Extremely fast: Node.js is built on Google Chrome's V8 JavaScript Engine, so its library is very fast in code execution.

2. I/O is Asynchronous and Event Driven: All APIs of Node.js library are asynchronous i.e. non-blocking. So a Node.js based server never waits for an API to return data. The server moves to the next API after calling it and a notification mechanism of Events of Node.js helps the server to get a response from the previous API call. It is also a reason that it is very fast.

3. Single threaded: Node.js follows a single threaded model with event looping.

4. Highly Scalable: Node.js is highly scalable because event mechanism helps the server to respond in a non-blocking way.

5. No buffering: Node.js cuts down the overall processing time while uploading audio and video files. Node.js applications never buffer any data. These applications simply output the data in chunks.

6. Open source: Node.js has an open source community which has produced many excellent modules to add additional capabilities to Node.js applications.

7. License: Node.js is released under the MIT license.

Node.js Index

Prerequisite

Before learning Node.js, you must have the basic knowledge of JavaScript and any programming language.

Audience

Our Node.js tutorial is designed to help beginners and professionals.

Problem

We assure that you will not find any problem in this Node.js tutorial. But if there is any mistake, please post the problem in contact form.

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Node.js Tutorial | Learn Node.js for Beginners - Tpoint Tech

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Node.js tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of Node.js. Our Node.js tutorial is designed for beginners and professionals both. Node.js is a cross-p...

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Node.js Tutorial | Learn Node.js for Beginners - Tpoint Tech

# data[].attributes.subject
Node.js Tutorial | Learn Node.js for Beginners - Tpoint Tech

# data[].attributes.body
The Node.js tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of Node.js. Our Node.js tutorial is designed for beginners and professionals.

Node.js is a cross-platform environment and library for running JavaScript applications, used to create networking and server-side applications.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Node.js tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of Node.js. Our Node.js tutorial is designed for beginners and professionals both.

Node.js is a cross-platform environment and library for running JavaScript applications which is used to create networking and server-side applications.

Our Node.js tutorial includes all topics of Node.js such as Node.js installation on windows and linux, REPL, package manager, callbacks, event loop, os, path, query string, cryptography, debugger, URL, DNS, Net, UDP, process, child processes, buffers, streams, file systems, global objects, web modules etc. There are also given Node.js interview questions to help you better understand the Node.js technology.

What is Node.js

Node.js is a cross-platform runtime environment and library for running JavaScript applications outside the browser. It is used for creating server-side and networking web applications. It is open source and free to use. It can be downloaded from this link https://nodejs.org/en/

Many of the basic modules of Node.js are written in JavaScript. Node.js is mostly used to run real-time server applications.

The definition given by its official documentation is as follows:

Node.js is a platform built on Chrome's JavaScript runtime for easily building fast and scalable network applications. Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model that makes it lightweight and efficient, perfect for data-intensive real-time applications that run across distributed devices.

Node.js also provides a rich library of various JavaScript modules to simplify the development of web applications.
Different parts of Node.js
The following diagram specifies some important parts of Node.js:

Features of Node.js

Following is a list of some important features of Node.js that makes it the first choice of software architects.

1. Extremely fast: Node.js is built on Google Chrome's V8 JavaScript Engine, so its library is very fast in code execution.

2. I/O is Asynchronous and Event Driven: All APIs of Node.js library are asynchronous i.e. non-blocking. So a Node.js based server never waits for an API to return data. The server moves to the next API after calling it and a notification mechanism of Events of Node.js helps the server to get a response from the previous API call. It is also a reason that it is very fast.

3. Single threaded: Node.js follows a single threaded model with event looping.

4. Highly Scalable: Node.js is highly scalable because event mechanism helps the server to respond in a non-blocking way.

5. No buffering: Node.js cuts down the overall processing time while uploading audio and video files. Node.js applications never buffer any data. These applications simply output the data in chunks.

6. Open source: Node.js has an open source community which has produced many excellent modules to add additional capabilities to Node.js applications.

7. License: Node.js is released under the MIT license.

Node.js Index

Prerequisite

Before learning Node.js, you must have the basic knowledge of JavaScript and any programming language.

Audience

Our Node.js tutorial is designed to help beginners and professionals.

Problem

We assure that you will not find any problem in this Node.js tutorial. But if there is any mistake, please post the problem in contact form.

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Node.js Tutorial | Learn Node.js for Beginners - Tpoint Tech

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Node.js tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of Node.js. Our Node.js tutorial is designed for beginners and professionals both. Node.js is a cross-p...

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Difference between C and C++ - Tpoint Tech

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Difference between C and C++ - Tpoint Tech

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Difference between C and C++

C and C++ are two of the most fundamental and widely used programming languages in software development. While they share some similarities in syntax and structure, they are designed with different programming paradigms in mind and provide to different use cases.

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Difference between C and C++ - Tpoint Tech

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This topic discusses the definition of both C and C++ and differentiates them. C and C++ are two of the most fundamental and widely used programming language…

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MySQL Tutorial | A Complete Guide for Beginners - Tpoint Tech

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MySQL Tutorial | A Complete Guide for Beginners - Tpoint Tech

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Mysql Tutorial

MySQL tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of MySQL. Our MySQL tutorial is designed for beginners and professionals.

MySQL is a relational database management system based on the Structured Query Language, which is the popular language for accessing and managing the records in the database. MySQL is open-source and free software under the GNU license. It is supported by the Oracle Company.

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JavaScript Animation Library - Tpointtech

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JavaScript Animation Library - Tpointtech

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What is JavaScript Animation?

Animation in JavaScript is an art form that makes static images appear to move. An image can be 2D or 3D and is created using one or several technologies to create a specific effect. Typical animations include bringing characters from movies, TV shows, or video games to life.

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Chemical Reaction

Chemical reactions are part of our day-to-day life. They happen all around us every day, such as fire, cooking, respiration, and digestion in the body, all involving chemical reactions. For example, the food we consume is broken down into energy through chemical reactions. Similarly, in respiration, we take oxygen which reacts with glucose in our body and produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy as shown in the reaction below;

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy

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Chemical reactions are part of our day to day life. They are happening all around us every day such as fire, cooking, and respiration and digestion in the bo…

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Behavioral Interview Questions - TpointTech

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Behavioral Interview Questions - TpointTech

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Behavioral Interview Questions

A list of the top frequently asked behavioral interview questions and answers.

Behavioral interview questions are a very important part of the interview section. These questions are asked to candidates to recount their experience so that the interviewers can judge them well and assess their likely future performance. We can say that the behavioral questions work very well to judge a candidate smartly because past behavior is usually a decent predictor of future behavior.

You should follow the STAR method to answer these types of questions.

S/T: Situation/ Task

A: Approach

R: Result

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Behavioral Interview Questions (2025) - Tpoint Tech

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A list of top frequently asked behavioral interview questions and answers are given below. Behavioral interview questions are the very important part of the…

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C++ for Loop

In C++, the for loop is an entry-controlled loop mainly utilized to iterate a part of the program multiple times. If the number of iterations is fixed, it is recommended to use a for loop rather than while or do-while loops.

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In C++, the for loop is an entry-controlled loop that is mainly utilized to iterate a part of the program multiple times. If the number of iterations is fixe…

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Microsoft Recruitment Process - Javatpoint

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Microsoft Recruitment Process - Javatpoint

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Microsoft Recruitment Process

Company Overview

Microsoft's recruitment process includes an online application, coding assessments, and multiple technical and behavioral interview rounds. Candidates are tested on data structures, algorithms, system design, and problem-solving skills. Read more...

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Microsoft Interview Questions | Microsoft Recruitment Process (2025) - javatpoint

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Click at Javatpoint for some of the most common Microsoft interview questions and Microsoft recruitment process. Learn the top ten Microsoft interview questions.

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Digital Marketing

Digital marketing is a term used for online marketing it is a process of interactive marketing or promoting the product and services using digital technologies. Digital marketing is a technique that uses digital channels to promote services to consumers and businessmen and change the leads into customers. Read more...

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Digital Marketing Interview Questions (2025) - javatpoint

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Digital Marketing Interview Questions for beginners and professionals with a list of top frequently asked Digital Marketing interview questions and answers with java, .net, php, database, hr, spring, hibernate, android, oracle, sql, asp.net, c#, python, c, c++ etc.

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HTML MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions) - Javatpoint

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HTML MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions) - Javatpoint

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HTML Multiple-Choice Questions

1) What does HTML stand for?

1. Hypertext Markup Language

2. Home Tool Markup Language

3. Hyperlinks and Text Markup Language

4. None of the above

2) Which of the following is the correct HTML tag for the largest heading?

1. <head>

2. <h1>

3. <heading>

4. None of the above

3) Which of the following is responsible for inserting a line break in HTML?

1. <tr>

2. <br>

3. <lb>

4. <break>

4) What type of language is HTML?

1. Scripting language

2. Programming language

3. Markup language

4. None of the above

5) What is the HTML code for adding a background color?

1. <body style= "background-color:red;">

2. <background>red</background>

3. <bg>red</bg>

4. None of the above

6) Which of the following tags is used to specify important texts in HTML?

1. <b>

2. <important>

3. <imptext>

4. <strong>

Read more…

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HTML MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions) - TAE

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HTML MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions)with tutorial and examples on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XHTML, Java, .Net, PHP, C, C++, Python, JSP, Spring, Bootstrap, jQuery, Interview Questions etc. - TAE

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Java Multiple Choice Questions

1) Observe the following code snippet and choose the correct option.

byte b = 10; // line 1
b = b * 10; // line 2

1. Lines 1 and 2 are both executed without any error.

2. Because of line 2, the code will not compile.

3. Because of line 1, the code will not compile.

4. None of the above

Show AnswerWorkspace

Answer: b) Because of line 2, the code will not compile. Explanation: The operator has converted the expression b 10 into an integer. We know that the size of the integer is always greater than the size of a byte in Java. Therefore, assigning an integer to a byte may lead to lossy conversion and such conversion is always done explicitly (by doing type-casting). Hence, we get the compilation error because of line 2.

2) Predict the outcome

Filename: Basic.java

public class Basic
{
public static void main(String argvs[])
{
int var;
System.out.println(var + 1);
}
}

1. 1

2. 2

3. Compilation Error

4. Runtime Error

Show AnswerWorkspace

Answer: c) Compilation Error Explanation: Class member variables can be accessed without assigning a value. However, the same is not true for the local variable. In our code, var is a local variable. Therefore, var must be initialized with some value before accessing it. Hence, the compilation error.

3) Predict the outcome

Filename: Basic1.java

public class Basic1
{
public static void main(String argvs[])
{
int var1 = 5;
int var2 = 6;
System.out.println(var1 + var2 + " = " + var1 + var2);
}
}

1. 56 = 56

2. 11 = 11

3. 56 = 11

4. 11 = 56

Show AnswerWorkspace

Answer: d) 11 = 56 Explanation: The + operator acts differently in the different scenarios. We have used the + operator thrice in our code. The first + operator does the addition work. But the second and third + plus operator does the concatenation work. This is because, before the second + operator, the compiler has already encountered a string (=). Therefore, the second and third + operator does the concatenation work.

More information...

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1) Observe the following code snippet and choose the correct option.

byte b = 10; // line 1
b = b * 10; // line 2

Answer: b) Because of line 2, the code will not compile. Explanation: The * operator has converted the expression b * 10 into integer. We know that size of integer is always greater than the size of byte in Java. Therefore, assigning an integer to a byte may lead to lossy conversion and such type of conversion is always done explicitly (by doing type-casting). Hence, we get the compilation error because of line 2.

2) Predict the outcome

Filename: Basic.java

public class Basic
{
public static void main(String argvs[])
{
int var;
System.out.println(var + 1);
}
}

Answer: c) Compilation Error Explanation: Class member variables can be accessed without assigning a value. However, the same is not true for the local variable. In our code, var is a local variable. Therefore, var must be initialized with some value before accessing it. Hence, the compilation error.

3) Predict the outcome

Filename: Basic1.java

public class Basic1
{
public static void main(String argvs[])
{
int var1 = 5;
int var2 = 6;
System.out.println(var1 + var2 + " = " + var1 + var2);
}
}

Answer: d) 11 = 56 Explanation: The + operator acts differently in the different scenarios. We have used the + operator thrice in our code. The first + operator does the addition work. But the second and third + plus operator does the concatenation work. This is because, before the second + operator, the compiler has already encountered a string (=). Therefore, the second and third + operator does the concatenation work.

4) The correct way to invoke MATH.max() is

I) Math.max(3.5, 7) II) Math.max(2, 3) III) Math.max(1.5, 6.7f) IV) Math.max(1.4, 6, 7.8f) Show Answer

Answer: d) I, II and III Explanation: The max() method can never three arguments. Also, the max() method is overloaded to take two arguments of type double, float, long and int. Therefore, only I, II, and III are correct statements.

5) Predict the outcome

Filename: Basic2.java

class Basic2
{
FirstClass()
{
System.out.print("Inside Constructor. ");
}
{
System.out.print("Inside the instance block. ");
}
static
{
System.out.print("Inside the static block. ");
}
}
public class JavaMCQ2
{
public static void main(String argvs[])
{
FirstClass obj = new FirstClass();
}
}

Answer: c) Inside the static block. Inside the instance block. Inside Constructor. Explanation: Static blocks are executed when JVM loads the class. Hence, the static block is executed first. Instance block is executed just before the constructor is invoked. The constructor is invoked during object creation. Thus, the execution of the instance block is dependent on the constructor. Hence, if we create 10 objects, then the constructor gets invoked 10 times. Therefore, the instance block also gets executed 10 times. In our code, only one object is created. So, the instance block is executed only one time.

6) The correct definition of an anonymous object will be:

Answer: a) An object having no reference. Explanation: Anonymous objects are those objects that have no reference. For example, new MyClass(). Here, we are creating an object of the class MyClass. However, we are not assigning the object to a variable. Therefore, it is an anonymous object. If we do MyClass my = new MyClass() then we have a reference variable my for the created object. Hence, the newly created object is not anonymous.

7) Pick the correct statement about a method-local inner class.

Answer: d) It may be marked abstract Explanation: A method-local inner class is a class that defined inside a method of other class. Also, whatever we define inside a method are local. For example, if we define a variable inside a method then that variable is a local variable. In Java, it is a rule that anything that is local can never be marked as public or static. However, a method-local inner class can be marked as abstract. Therefore, option d is correct.

8) What will be the value of the variable db after executing the following code?

Answer: c) 4 Explanation: The random() method returns a number that is greater than or equal to 0 but less than 1. Therefore, the value the is being pass as the argument of the round() method is always greater than or equal to 3.5 but less than 4.5 and after applying the round() method to this range gives number 4.

9)

Filename: Excptn.java

public class Excptn
{
public static void main(String argvs[])
{
try
{
throw 7;
}
catch(int i)
{
System.out.println("We have received the exception " + i);
}
}
}

Answer: c) Compile time error Explanation: In Java, basic data types can never be thrown at all. We can only throw objects of any subclass of the Throwable class.

10) Predict the outcome

Filename: Excptn1.java

public class Excptn1
{
public static void main(String argvs[])
{
try
{
throw new Child();
}
// catch block of the Parent class
catch(Parent p)
{
System.out.println("Got the Parent class exception");
}
// catch block of the Child class
catch(Child c)
{
System.out.println("Got the Child class exception");
}
}
}

Answer: d) Compile time error Explanation: Compile time error because the catch block of the Child class is coming after the catch block of the Parent class. In Java, the catch block of the derived/ child class must come before the base/ parent class.

11) What happens in autoboxing?

Answer: c) We assign a primitive type of data to its wrapper class so that the primitive data gets automatically converted to the object of the wrapper class. Explanation: Take it from the name autoboxing. Java has a special feature for primitive types of data. When assigned to its corresponding wrapper class, automatic conversion occurs to change the data to the object. Integer i = 10; Here 10 is the primitive data, and i is the reference variable of the class Integer. Because of autoboxing, 10 will get converted to an object and will be assigned to reference variable i.

12) Suppose that P is an abstract class and P is also the parent class of child class Q. However, class Q is a concrete class. It is given that both P and Q have a default constructor. Choose the correct option.

1. P p = new P(); 2. P p = new Q(); 3. Q q = new P(); 4. Q q = new Q(); Show Answer

Answer: c) 2, 4 Explanation: We can never create the object of an abstract class. Therefore, 1st and 3rd statements are false.

13) Predict the outcome

Filename: OOPS.java

class OopsParent
{
public static String song()
{
return "la la land";
}
}
public class OOPS extends OopsParent
{
public static String song()
{
return "fa fa fand";
}
public static void main(String argvs[])
{
OopsParent a = new Oops();
Oops b = new Oops();
System.out.println(a.song() + " " + b.song());
}
}

Answer: a) la la land fa fa fand Explanation: The method song() is the static method. Therefore, dynamic binding does not occur. Because of the static keyword, compile-time binding or static binding occurs. Hence, option a is correct.

14) Predict the outcome

Filename: OOPS1.java

class Parent
{
public void getDetails()
{
System.out.println("Parent class");
}
}
public class OOPS1 extends Parent
{
protected void getDetails()
{
System.out.println("Child class");
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Parent obj = new Parent();
obj.getDetails();
}
}

Answer: c) Compile-time error Explanation: In the code, the child class is overriding the method getDetails() with access specifier protected. However, the same method is declared public in the parent class. Thus, we are assigning a weaker access modifier to the method getDetails() in the child class, which is not allowed in Java. Hence, the compile-time error.

15) Predict the outcome

Filename: OOPS2.java

class Parent
{
Parent(String input)
{
System.out.println(input);
}
public void getDetails()
{
System.out.println("Parent class");
}
}
public class OOPS2 extends Parent
{
OOPS2()
{
System.out.println("Inside child class");
}
public void getDetails()
{
System.out.println("Child class");
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Parent obj = new OOPS3();
obj.getDetails();
}
}

Answer: c) Compile-time error Explanation: When the compiler executes new OOPS2(). The constructor of the OOPS2 class gets invoked, which in turn invokes the default constructor of the super class, i.e., Parent class. Since, we have provided the parameter constructor for the Parent class, therefore, the compiler does not provide the default constructor. Also, we did not provide the default constructor in the Parent class. Thus, in the Parent class, both the default and default constructors are absent. Therefore, we get a compilation error.

16) Which concept of Java is a way of converting real-world objects in terms of class?

Answer: a) Abstraction Explanation: We define real-world objects into classes or interfaces with the help of abstraction.

17) When a parent object dies, its child object also dies. This statement is the property of which of the following.

Answer: d) Composition Explanation: Composition states a relationship where child objects can never exist without parents.

18) Depending on the object, the same functionality is carried out differently, is the characteristic of which feature of the object-oriented programming?

Answer: b) Polymorphism Explanation: The definition of polymorphism says, "the state of occurring in various different form".

19) Consider the following two statements.

I. A subtype of a base class is a publicly derived class. II. Reusability of code is an important feature of inheritance. Show Answer

Answer: a) Statements I and II are both correct. Explanation: A publicly derived class is always a subtype of its base class. In inheritance, we provide methods in the base class, and the derived class gets access to the base class methods based on the basis of access specifiers used. Thus, we declared the methods only once in the base class. This is how reusability of code is achieved in inheritance.

20) A bank has a lot of employees. This statement perfectly suits to which of the following concepts. Choose the most appropriate option.

Answer: a) Association Explanation: In aggregation, two entries can exist independently. However, a bank can never exist without its employees. In composition, if one of the entries dies, another entry has to die. But, the non-existence of a bank does not guarantee the non-existence of employees (employees can change their job). However, a bank can have many employees. Therefore, option a is correct.

21) Choose the most appropriate option.

Answer: b) In method overloading, compile-time, or static binding occurs. In method overriding, run time or static binding occurs. Explanation: Overloading is always a compile-time binding, whereas overriding is always dynamic binding.

Multithreading

22) How many threads will be created when we execute the following program?

Filename: MultiThreading.java

class MyClass extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
System.out.println("Run");
}
}
public class MultiThreading
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
MyClass my = new MyClass();
my.start();
}
}

Answer: b) Two Explanation: In Java, the main thread executes the main method. Also, after the execution of my.start(), the child thread will be generated, which is responsible for executing the run() method. Therefore, altogether there will be two threads.

23) Count the number of threads that will be generated when the following program is executed.

Filename: MultiThreading1.java

class MyClass extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
System.out.println("Run");
}
}
public class MultiThreading1
{
public static void main(String argvs[])
{
MyClass my = new MyClass();
my.run();
}
}

Answer: a) One Explanation: We know that the main thread executes the main method. Hence, every statement written inside the body of the main method is also executed by the main thread. Since the start() method is not getting invoked, the child thread never comes into existence.

24) The synchronized (thread safe) class is/ are:

Answer: b) StringBuffer Explanation: Two or more than two threads can never execute the methods of StringBuffer at the same time. Therefore, class StringBuffer is thread safe or synchronized.

25) To check whether a thread has entered the dead state or not, we invoke which method?

Answer: c) isAlive() Explanation: To check whether a thread is alive or not we must invoke the isAlive() method of the thread class.

26) Predict the output

Filename: MultiThreading2.java

public class MultiThreading2
{
public static void main(String argvs[])
{
Thread th = Thread.currentThread();
th.setName("A nascent thread");
System.out.println(th);
}
}

Answer: c) Thread[A nascent thread,5,main] Explanation: In Java, when a thread instance is printed, we get the name of the thread. Then the priority of the thread and finally the thread group. Therefore, option c is correct.

27) Which of these methods is used to suspend a thread for a particular span of time.

Answer: d) None of these Explanation: The sleep() method is used to suspend a thread for a particular period of time.

28) Predict the output

Filename: MultiThreading3.java

public class MultiThreading3 implements Runnable
{
public void run()
{
System.out.print("Went ");
System.out.print("Into ");
}
public static void main(String argvs[])
{
MultiThreading3 obj = new MultiThreading3();
Thread th = new Thread(obj);
th.start();
System.out.print("Nerd ");
try
{
th.join();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.print("In main");
}
}

Answer: c) Either option a or b Explanation: After th.start() is executed, we have two threads in our program. Therefore, the onus is on the thread scheduler to decide whether statements in the run method is printed first or the statement after the th.start(). However, In main is printed at last because the main thread will have to wait for the child thread to finish their execution because of the th.join() statement mentioned in the try block.

29) What will happen when we execute the following program?

Filename: MultiThreading4.java

public class Multithread4 implements Runnable
{
public void run()
{
System.out.print("Went ");
System.out.print("Into ");
}
public static void main(String argvs[]) throws InterruptedException
{
Thread th = new Thread(new Multithread4());
th.start();
th.start();
System.out.println(th.getState());
}
}

1. Program prints Went Into twice and terminated normally

2. Program prints Went Into once and terminated normally

3. Program prints Went Into once and raised an exception

4. Program prints nothing and terminated normally

Show Answer
Answer: c) Program prints Went Into once and raised an exception Explanation: We are invoking the start() method twice. The first th.start() will change the state of the child thread (th) to runnable. Thus, invoking the start() method again on the runnable thread raises the exception IllegalThreadStateException. This is because the child thread is already in the runnable state.

30) Predict the output

Filename: MultiThreading5.java

public class MultiThreading5 implements Runnable
{
public static MultiThreading5 ob;
private int input;
public MultiThreading5()
{
input = 10;
}
public void run()
{
ob = new MultiThreading5();
ob.wait();
ob.input += 20;
System.out.println(ob.input);
}
public static void main(String argvs[]) throws InterruptedException
{
Thread th1 = new Thread(new MultiThreading5());
Thread th2 = new Thread(new myThread());
th1.start();
th2.start();
System.out.printf(" Hello - ");
}
}

Answer: d) Compile-time error Explanation: The above program has some flaws. First of all, a thread must acquire a lock before invoking the wait() method. Also, the wait() method throws the InterruptedExecption. Therefore, it is required to enclose the method in the try-catch block or delegate it using the throws keyword.

31) Choose the most appropriate option

Filename: MultiThreading6.java

import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class MultiThreading6 implements Runnable
{
public static CyclicBarrier br = new CyclicBarrier(3);
public void run()
{
System.out.print(" Hello ");
try
{
br.await();
}
catch (InterruptedException | BrokenBarrierException excpt)
{
excpt.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String argvs[]) throws InterruptedException
{
Thread th1 = new Thread(new MultiThreading6());
Thread th2 = new Thread(new MultiThreading6());
th1.start();
th2.start();
System.out.print(" Java ");
try
{
br.await();
}
catch (InterruptedException | BrokenBarrierException excpt)
{
excpt.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.printf(" Game Over ");
}
}

Answer: d) All the above Explanation: Uncertainty is the key feature of multithreading. Option a is possible because the main/ parent thread is executed and has reached the barrier. Now it is waiting for the child thread to reach their barrier. Therefore, Hello is printed twice. Option b is possible because the thread scheduler schedules the child threads first, then the parent thread. For option c, the thread scheduler schedules the thread - 1. Once it reaches the barrier, the parent thread comes into action and finally, the scheduler deals with the thread-2. Thus, all of the given options are possible.

32) To restart a thread that has already been reached the dead state, we should invoke which method?

Answer: d) None of these Explanation: In Java, it is not possible to restart a thread that has already been dead.

33) Thread registration in the thread scheduler is done by

Answer: a) start() Explanation: Option b is wrong because the run() method is like the main() method of a thread. Options c and d do not exist. The start() method does the registration work.

34) Predict the output

Filename: MultiThreading7.java

class MyClass implements Runnable
{
public void run()
{
System.out.println("Java ");
}
}
public class MultiThreading7
{
public static void main(String argvs[])
{
MyClass mt = new MyClass();
mt.start();
System.out.println("Thread ");
}
}

Answer: d) Compile-time error Explanation: We will get the compile-time error because we are invoking the start() method, and the start() method is present in the thread class while we are implementing the Runnable interface.

35) Predict the output

Filename: MultiThreading8.java

public class MultiThreading8 extends Thread implements Runnable
{
public void run()
{
System.out.printf("Hello Java! ");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
{
MultiThreading8 ob = new MultiThreading8();
ob.run();
ob.start();
}
}

Answer: c) Hello Java! Hello Java! Explanation: In the main method, we are invoking two methods; one is run() another is start(). The first call on the run() method is the normal call. Also, we know that whenever we call the start() method of Thread class, the run() method is called implicitly. Therefore, Hello Java! will be printed twice.

36) The method that should be defined to implement the java.lang.Runnable interface will be

Answer: c) public void run() Explanation: The only method that Runnable interface fetches is the void run() method. Therefore, it should be defined in our code. It is very tempting to go with option a but notice that no access specifier is mentioned. Therefore, default access specifier is used. Since access specifier of any method declared in an interface is public, therefore, we are reducing the visibility of run() method, and this violates the Java inheritance rules which states that weaker access specifier (specifier have lower visibility as compared to one mentioned in the parent class/ interface)is not allowed in a child class.

37) The statement to instantiate an anonymous inner class that implements the Runnable interface is

Answer: a) System.out.print(new Runnable() { public void run() {}}); Explanation: The option c is syntactically incorrect. Hence, option d is also eliminated. The option b violates the interface implementation rule as it doesn't override the run() method. The option a not only instantiate the inner class but also overrides the run() method. Hence, option a is correct.

Garbage Collection

38) Predict the output

Filename: GarbageCollector.java

public class GarbageCollector
{
public static void main(String argvs[]) throws InterruptedException
{
String s = new String("Java ");
s = null; // eligible for garbage collection
// Invoking garbage collector
System.gc();
Thread.sleep(2000); // for consistent output
System.out.print("Main method finished ");
}
@Override
protected void finalize()
{
System.out.print("Finalize method finished ");
}
}

Answer: a) Main method finished Explanation: We know that those objects that have no reference are overcome by the garbage collector, and hence, the method finalize() will be called. Since we are creating an object of the String class, we are implicitly invoking the finalize() method of the String class, not the finalize() method we have implemented in our code. If the String class does not override the finalize() method, by default, the finalize() method of the Object class is called. Therefore, no matter what happens, the finalize() method we have overridden never comes into the picture.

39) Predict the output

Filename: GarbageCollector1.java

public class GarbageCollector1
{
public static void main(String argvs[]) throws InterruptedException
{
GarbageCollector1 obj = new GarbageCollector1();
// Now, obj is eligible for garbage collection
obj = null;
// Invoking garbage collector
System.gc();
Thread.sleep(2000); // for consistent output
System.out.print("Main method finished ");
}
@Override
protected void finalize()
{
System.out.print("Finalize method finished ");
System.out.println(10/0);
}
}

1. Main method finished

2. Finalize method finished

3. Main method finished Finalize method finished

4. The program executes to print Finalize method finished then raises the ArithmeticException.

Show Answer
Answer: c) Main method finished Finalize method finished Explanation: This time, we are creating an object of the GarbageCollector1 class. Therefore, the overridden finalize() method will be called. Whenever the Garbage Collects invokes the finalize() method, it ignores all the exceptions raised in that method. Therefore, the above program raises no exception at all.

40) Count the number of objects that are eligible for garbage collection after line number 5 is executed.

Filename: GarbageCollector2.java

public class GarbageCollector2
{
public static void main(String argvs[])
{
foo(); // Line 5
}
static void foo()
{
GarbageCollector2 obj1 = new GarbageCollector2();
GarbageCollector2 obj2 = new GarbageCollector2();
}
}

Answer: a) 2 Explanation: The foo() method has two local objects. Also, the method is not returning anything. Therefore, after the execution of line number 5, those two local objects become eligible for garbage collection.

41) Count the number of objects eligible for garbage collection after line number 8 is executed.

Filename: GarbageCollector3.java

public class GarbageCollector3
{
public static void main(String argvs[])
{
GarbageCollector3 obj1 = new GarbageCollector3(); // line 5
GarbageCollector3 obj2 = foo(obj1); // line 6
GarbageCollector3 obj3 = new GarbageCollector3(); // line 7
obj2 = obj3; // line 8
}
static GarbageCollector3 foo(GarbageCollector3 tmp)
{
tmp = new GarbageCollector3();
return tmp;
}
}

Answer: b) 1 Explanation: We know that Java is strictly passed by value. Therefore, the reference variable obj1 never gets affected when we invoke the method foo() at line number 6. However, the new object created in the method foo() becomes reference less when we update the reference variable obj2 at line number 8. Thus, total count of reference less object is 1 after the execution of line number 8.

42) How many times the finalize() method gets invoked in the following program?

Filename: GarbageCollector4.java

public class GarbageCollector4
{
static GarbageCollector4 obj ;
static int cnt = 0;
public static void main(String argvs[]) throws InterruptedException
{
GarbageCollector4 obj1 = new GarbageCollector4();
// Now, obj1 is eligible for garbage collection
obj1 = null; // line 12
// calling garbage collector
System.gc(); // line 15
// Now, obj eligible for garbage collection,
obj = null; // line 18
// calling garbage collector
System.gc(); // line 21
Thread.sleep(2000); // for consistent output
System.out.println("The method finalize got invoked " + cnt + " times");
}
@Override
protected void finalize()
{
cnt++;
obj = this; // line 33
}
}

Answer: a) 1 time Explanation: At line number 12, we have made the object eligible for garbage collection. However, in the finalize() method, we are assigning the same object to the reference variable obj. So, that object is no longer reference less and is not destroyed. At line number 18, we are again making the same object reference less. This time the garbage collector will collect the object but will not invoke the finalize() method. Always remember, the garbage collection calls the finalize() method only once for a particular object.

Collection Framework

43) Which method is used to get the first element from a linked list?

Answer: a) getFirst() Explanation: The method getFirst() is used to retrieve the first element, if present, from the linked list.

44) What will happen when two threads try to access the same object of the class ArrayList?

1. The object will be shared between those two threads.

2. One thread will get access to the object while another thread waits till the first one releases the object

3. One thread gets the access to the object while another thread throws Null Pointer exception

4. The exception ConcurrentModificationException is thrown.

Show Answer
Answer: d) The exception ConcurrentModificationException is thrown. Explanation: The class ArrayList is not thread-safe. Therefore, two threads can try to access the same object. This results in race condition, and the exception ConcurrentModificationException is thrown.

45) The correct way to synchronize HashMap manually is:

Answer: a) Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<string, string>()); Explanation: The static method sychronizedMap() is used to give the synchronized view to the map upon which the method is called.

46) Predict the output.

Filename: CollectionFramework.java

import java.util.ArrayList;
public class CollectionFramework
{
public static void main(String argvs[])
{
ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
al.add("X");
al.add("Y");
al.add("Z");
al.add(1, "B");
System.out.print(al);
}
}

Answer: c) [X, B, Y, Z] Explanation: The method add() adds the letter B at index 1. Whatever is present at index 1, gets shifted to index 2. The stuff present at index 2 shifts to index 3 and so on.

47) Predict the output.

Filename: CollectionFramework2.java

import java.util.Arrays;
public class CollectionFramework2
{
public static void main(String argvs[])
{
int ar[] = new int [5];
for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++)
{
ar[5 - i] = i;
}
Arrays.fill(ar, 0, 3, 7);
for (int i = 0; i < 5 ; i++)
{
System.out.print(ar[i] + " ");
}
}
}

Answer: b) 7 7 7 2 1 Explanation: In the code, the method fill() of the Arrays() class fills the array ar with the number 7 start from index 0 to three places (till index 2).

48) If we save a key-value pair in a HashMap, how many times will the key be hashed?

Answer: b) 2 times Explanation: The hashCode() method of the Object class does the hashing. After that, the internal hashing method of the class HashMap does the hashing. Thus, the key is hashed twice.

Packages

49) Choose the incorrect statement about Java packages.

I) Packages are like namespaces in which classes are stored. II) It is possible to have classes that can be seen outside their packages, but their fields are confined to their packages only. III) We can re-name a package without re-naming the directory which contains the classes. IV) To avoid name clashes, the use of package should be encouraged. Show Answer

Answer: c) III Explanation: To re-name a package, it is mandatory to re-name the folder/ directory which contains the classes.

50) Predict the output.

Filename: Package.java

// Observe the keyword static used after import.
import static java.lang.System.*;
public class Package
{
public static void main(String argvs[])
{
out.println("Hello Java");
}
}

Answer: a) Hello Java Explanation: All the static methods or fields get imported because we have used static import in our code. Therefore, we can omit the class name System from the println statement.

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What is Pega RPA?

The Pega RPA (Robotics Process Automation) is used to add task automation capabilities via the existing application's user interface. Robotic automation is used to automate the repetitive routine tasks in the workflow.

The Pega can help the user to speed up the manual tasks by automating user actions. The automation is created in the Pega Robotic Studio. The latest Pega version is 8.0, which is currently available.

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Pega RPAwith tutorial and examples on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XHTML, Java, .Net, PHP, C, C++, Python, JSP, Spring, Bootstrap, jQuery, Interview Questions etc. - TAE

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Vectors are a dynamic array in C++ that can store multiple values of the same data type. The size of the vector can change dynamically during the program's execution. In this blog, we will learn how to merge two vectors in C++.

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Merging Two Vectors in C++with tutorial and examples on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XHTML, Java, .Net, PHP, C, C++, Python, JSP, Spring, Bootstrap, jQuery, Interview Questions etc. - TAE

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How to print char array in c - javatpoint 

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How to print char array in c - javatpoint 

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How to print char array in c

An array of characters is a string in C as long as it ends in a null. If not, loop through the number of characters and print them one by one or copy them to a null-terminated character array.

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numpy.logspace() in Python

Parameters

It accepts the following parameters.

1. start: It represents the starting value of the interval in the base.

2. stop: It represents the stopping value of the interval in the base.

3. num: The number of values between the range.

4. endpoint: It is a boolean-type value. It makes the value represented by stop as the last value of the interval.

5. base: It represents the base of the log space.

6. dtype: It represents the data type of the array items.

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What is SQL?

SQL is a short form of the structured query language, and it is pronounced as S-Q-L or sometimes as See-Quell.

This database language is mainly designed for maintaining the data in relational database management systems. It is a special tool used by data professionals for handling structured data (data that is stored in the form of tables). It is also designed for stream processing in RDSMS.

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Learn SQL tutorial for beginners and professionals with sql, tutorial, examples, insert, update, delete, select, join, database, table, join

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Remove duplicates from sorted array in C++

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Remove duplicates from sorted array in C++

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Remove duplicates from the sorted array in C++.

Due to a sorted array, this process is to erase the redundant components from the array.

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Remove duplicates from sorted array in C++ - TAE

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Remove duplicates from sorted array in C++with tutorial and examples on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XHTML, Java, .Net, PHP, C, C++, Python, JSP, Spring, Bootstrap, jQuery, Interview Questions etc. - TAE

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DBMS MCQs

In this section, we will cover some basic questions based on DBMS, which are frequently asked during an interview. Here we will try to cover almost all the topics related to DBMS.

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DBMS MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions) - TAE

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DBMS MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions)with tutorial and examples on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XHTML, Java, .Net, PHP, C, C++, Python, JSP, Spring, Bootstrap, jQuery, Interview Questions etc. - TAE

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How to Reverse a String in C++ using For Loop

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How to Reverse a String in C++ using For Loop

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Reverse a String in C++ using For Loop

For Loop:

We may repeatedly loop through a certain section of C++ code using the for loop.

A for loop is carried out if the test expression yields a true result. The loop comes to an end when the test expression returns false. This suggests that each time when the loop is iterated, the condition must be verified before the execution of the body. If the evaluation returns a true result, the loop's body is executed. If the evaluation yields a false result, the loop's body will not run.

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start: Represents the start of the interval range
stop: Represents the end of the interval range
endpoint: This is an optional parameter that takes a Boolean value. If passed True, the stop is the last sample.
num: Represents the total number of samples to generate
base: This represents the log scale base.
dtype: Represents the type of output array.

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numpy.logspace() in Python with NumPy Introduction, Environment Setup, ndarray, Data Types, Array Creation, Attributes, Existing Data, Indexing and Slicing, Advanced Indexing, Broadcasting, Array Manipulation, Matrix Library, Matplotlib etc.

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What is SQL?

SQL is a database management programming language. It is used to create tables, insert data, update records, and retrieve data from a database, among other things.

What is SQL Order by RANDOM?

SQL Order By RANDOM is a clause used to order data randomly. It's used to sort data in a random order, which implies it's not sorted in any particular order. The data is ordered randomly, so it will differ each time you run the query.

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How to calculate age from Date of Birth in SQL?

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How to calculate age from Date of Birth in SQL?

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Calculate age from Date of Birth in SQL

To convert the date of birth to age in SQL, we can use the DATEDIFF function. The DATEDIFF function calculates the difference between two dates, expressed in a specified date part, such as years, months, or days.

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How to calculate age from Date of Birth in SQL?

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How to calculate age from Date of Birth in SQL? - TAE

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How to calculate age from Date of Birth in SQL? with tutorial and examples on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XHTML, Java, .Net, PHP, C, C++, Python, JSP, Spring, Bootstrap, jQuery, Interview Questions etc.

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A programmer's first and most fundamental step in producing clean code is to name a file or variable. This naming must be acceptable so that it is an easy way for any other programmer to read the code. Naming conventions in C++ are guidelines for selecting a proper name for a variable or function in a C++ program.

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Naming Convention in C++ with tutorial and examples on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XHTML, Java, .Net, PHP, C, C++, Python, JSP, Spring, Bootstrap, jQuery, Interview Questions etc.

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Creates a polygonal area that masks underlying objects with the current background color. The wipeout area is bounded by a frame you can turn on or off. You can also choose to display the frame on the screen and have it hidden for plotting.

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Wipeout Command in AutoCAD with tutorial and examples on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XHTML, Java, .Net, PHP, C, C++, Python, JSP, Spring, Bootstrap, jQuery, Interview Questions etc.

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numpy.column_stack() in Python

The numpy.column_stack() function stacks the 1-D arrays as columns into a 2-D array. It takes a sequence of 1-D arrays and stacks them as columns to make a single 2-D array.

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numpy.column_stack() in Python with tutorial and examples on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XHTML, Java, .Net, PHP, C, C++, Python, JSP, Spring, Bootstrap, jQuery, Interview Questions etc.

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Excel VBA Join Function: The Join function in VBA joins an array of substrings and returns them all as a single string.

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Excel VBA Join Function: The Join function in VBA is used to join an array of substrings and return them all as a single string.
Syntax
Join (SourceArray, [Delimiter])
Parameter
SourceArray (required) - This parameter represents an array of substrings that you want to join.

Delimiter (optional) - This parameter represents a delimiter used to separate the substrings while making up the new string. The default value is set to " ".
Return
This parameter returns a single string after joining the given array of substrings.
Example 1
Sub JoinFunction_Example1()
 ' Joining the strings of arrays together into a single Array.
 Dim fullName As String
 Dim names(0 To 2) As String
 names(0) = "Amar"
 names(1) = "Chandra"
 names(2) = "Panda"
 fullName = Join(names)
 ' The variable fullName will return "Amar Chandra Panda"
 MsgBox ("Your full name is " & fullName)
 End Sub
Output

Example 2
Sub JoinFunction_Example2()
 ' Joining the strings of arrays together into a single Array.
 Dim address As String
 Dim names(0 To 4) As String
 names(0) = "House No:823 "
 names(1) = "C-Block"
 names(2) = "Plot-2"
 names(3) = "Rajouri Garden"
 names(4) = "Delhi"
 address = Join(names, ", ")
 ' The variable fullName will return "House No:823, C-Block, Plot-2, Rajouri Garden, Delhi  "
 MsgBox ("Address:  " & address)
 End Sub
Output

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Excel VBA Join Function with tutorial and examples on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XHTML, Java, .Net, PHP, C, C++, Python, JSP, Spring, Bootstrap, jQuery, Interview Questions etc.

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Three.js is a cross-browser JavaScript library and application programming interface that uses WebGL to create and display animated 3D computer graphics in a web browser.

ThreeJS Math

Box2

Represents an axis-aligned bounding box (AABB) in 2D space.

Constructor

Box2( min : Vector2, max : Vector2 )

min - (optional) Vector2 representing the lower (x, y) boundary of the box. Default is ( + Infinity, + Infinity ).

max - (optional) Vector2 representing the upper (x, y) boundary of the box. The default is ( - Infinity, - Infinity ).

Creates a Box2 bounded by min and max.

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What is Three.JS?

Three.js is a cross-browser JavaScript library and application programming interface that uses WebGL to create and display animated 3D computer graphics in a web browser. The source code is available in a GitHub repository.

This section provides a brief overview of three.js. We'll begin by creating a scene with a spinning cube. If you get stuck and need assistance, a working example is provided at the bottom of the page.

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The Object Snap feature allows you to designate a specific place on the objects.

It depicts the objects' midpoints, center points, quadrant points, insertion points, endpoints, and other locations that aid in the drafting and sketching. Read more...

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Three.js encodes 3D transformations using matrices for translations (position), rotations, and scaling. Every Object3D instance has a matrix that records the object's location, rotation, and scale. This page explains how to change the transformation of an item.

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Digital Search Tree in Data Structures - TAE

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Digital Search Tree in Data Structures - TAE

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The Digital search tree is known for its application and diversity in how it has impacted our world in data structures. A Digital search tree is a binary tree that helps us access and manage all the data safely. The tree tends to hold only binary data and helps us.

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Upcasting and downcasting, are two forms of object typecasting. Consider the Parent and Child classes, which have two types of objects, parent_objct and child_objct, which can be cast into Parent to Child and Child to Parent using C++ programming's Upcasting and Downcasting.

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Removing the First Character from the String in Python

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Removing the First Character from the String in Python

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String

The string is the collection of characters. The strings in Python are “immutable”; we cannot change a string once they are created. In Python, the data we input will be read as a string. In Python, string concatenation is possible.

Removing the first character from the string:

The first character in a string can be removed by using the following methods:

Removing the first character using the slicing technique.

Removing the first character using the str.lstrip( )function.

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how to Remove char of string in python (1)

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Strings are a collection of characters that are commonly used in Java programming. Strings are regarded as objects in the Java programming language.

“String” is a Java platform class that allows you to construct and handle strings.

https://bit.ly/3RcNY6Pstring-isnullorempty-in-java

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ModuleNotFoundError: No module named Mysql in Python 

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ModuleNotFoundError: No module named Mysql in Python 

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Mysql module not found is an error that occurs in Python. It appears like ModuleNotError: No module named 'mysql'. This error occurs when you forget to install a module called mysql-connector-python in a preferable environment.

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The Pressable component is a Core Component wrapper that can detect various stages of press interaction on any of its children.

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It manages all the touch inputs, and it is one of the core wrappers introduced in July 2022.

The Two important features of pressable are listed below-

onpressIn: We already know the work feature of onpress,onpressIn is a bit different from conventional onpress. Whenever the button is pressed, it is called.

onPressOut: The name has already given you a basic idea because we have just learned about onPressIn. So, it is called when the touch is removed or deactivated.

Props of Pressable:

Andriod_disableSound: We know that we get a default sound when we click on a button. If you want to remove or disable that well, then this prop can be used. It generally takes a boolean value. if it is true, then no sound will be played else

Sound will be played.

Android_ripple: We can enable or disable the rippling property of any app using this prop. It generally takes a boolean value.

Children: It is nothing but a function that receives the props whether the component is pressed or not.

Disable: If you want to disable the press property, then disable will be used. It generally takes a boolean value. If it is true, then the user cannot press the component.

Hitslop: It can be used to setadditional distance outside of the component in which a press/touch can be detected.

Onpress: It is a well-known prop which is called after onpressout.

onpressIn: We already know the work feature of onpress,onpressIn is a bit different from conventional onpress. Whenever the button is pressed, it is called.

onPressOut: The name has already given you a basic idea because we have just learned about onPressIn. So, It is called when the touch is removed or deactivated.

Let's see one example -
App.js code:
import React, { useState } from 'react'; import { Pressable, StyleSheet, Text, View } from 'react-native'; const App = () => {   const [times_Pressed, setTimesPressed] = useState(0);   let textLog = '';   if (times_Pressed > 1) {     textLog = times_Pressed + ' times Pressed by user';   } else if (times_Pressed > 0) {     textLog = 'onPress';   }   return (     <View style={{backgroundColor:'gray'}}>       <Pressable         onPress={() => {           setTimesPressed((current) => current + 1);         }}         style={({ pressed }) => [           {             backgroundColor:'pink'                        },           styles.wrapperCustom         ]}>         {({ pressed }) => (           <Text style={styles.text}>             {pressed ? 'yes Pressed!' : 'hello Press Me'}           </Text>         )}       </Pressable>       <View style={styles.logBox}>         <Text testID="pressable_press_console">{textLog}</Text>       </View>     </View>   ); }; const styles = StyleSheet.create({   text: {     fontSize: 16   },   wrapperCustom: {     borderRadius: 8,     padding: 6   },   logBox: {          margin: 20,     padding: 35,     borderWidth: StyleSheet.hairlineWidth,     borderColor: 'white',     backgroundColor: 'white'   } }); export default App;

Output:

Explanation :
We use useState hooks here.

if (times_Pressed > 1) {     textLog = times_Pressed + ' times Pressed by user';   } else if (times_Pressed > 0) {     textLog = 'onPress';   }

This part of the code is for displaying the difference when the button is pressed multiple times. If pressed time is greater than 1, then it will show total pressed time + "times pressed by the user". Example- if user presses it 2 times then the output will be "2 times pressed by the user".

And if not greater than 1 then it will show only basic text.

<Pressable         onPress={() => {           setTimesPressed((current) => current + 1);         }}

This part of the code is responsible for the simultaneous counting of numbers when the button is pressed.

Then we will be constructing a header for the app, A header that will be displayed above the button. You can see in the output that it shows 'hello press me'.

  logBox: {         margin: 20,     padding: 35,     borderWidth: StyleSheet.hairlineWidth,     borderColor: 'white',     backgroundColor: 'white'   } });

This is the styling part. The logbox is styling for the box of white color that you can clearly see in the output, and the rest is for full-page styling like background color, padding, etc. Possibility API is generally used in Pressable.

This was all about react-native pressable. Next, we will be learning touchable opacity.

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React Native Pressable with tutorial and examples on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XHTML, Java, .Net, PHP, C, C++, Python, JSP, Spring, Bootstrap, jQuery, Interview Questions etc.

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Minimum Window Subsequence in Java - TAE

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Minimum Window Subsequence in Java - TAE

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Minimum Window Subsequence

In this article, you will be very well informed about the minimum window subsequence, what is the approach, and how it is implemented. The example program is also executed and its output is also displayed.

Problem Statement

Find the smallest (contiguous) substring W in string S such that T is a subset of W given strings S and T.

Return the null string "if there isn't a window in S that includes all the characters in T." Return the minimum-length window with the leftmost starting index if there are numerous ones.

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In this article, you will be very well acknowledged about the minimum window subsequence, what is the approach and how it is implemented. The example program is also executed and its output is also displayed.

Problem Statement

Find the smallest (contiguous) substring W in string S such that T is a subset of W given strings S and T.

Return the null string "if there isn't a window in S that includes all the characters in T." Return the minimum-length window with the leftmost starting index if there are numerous ones.
Example 1: Input:
S = asdfghjkl T = fhl
Output:
The valid output string is W = fghjkl

The string fghjkl includes every letter in the stringfhl.
Example 2 : Input:
S = zxcvbnm T = vbm
Output:
The valid output string is W = vbnm

The string vbnm includes every letter in the string vbm

Methodology

First, we'll search for a window that has the entire string T in its actual form. The window will then be reduced as much as it can be while still retaining the requirement that it contain every character in the string T. After that, we can close the window.

The steps for determining the minimal window subsequence are as follows:

Keep the two references ptr1 as well as ptr2 and give them the value 0. Ptr1 and Ptr2 are for the strings S and T, respectively.

When S[ptr1] == T[ptr2], both points should be advanced at once; otherwise, just the ptr1 pointer should be advanced.

The string T is located within string S because when value of ptr2 reaches the size of the string T. We must now make the window smaller. It is crucial to understand why unnecessary characters may enter the window before adjusting the window size.

Let's use the following strings as an example, with S = "ypcdepdde" and T = "pde".

Ptr1 and Ptr2 be placed at the 0 indices of their corresponding strings at the beginning. Since there is an error (y!= p) at index 0, we advance the pointer ptr1 through one position. We now simultaneously move pointers ptr1 and ptr2 by one step. Now, c and d are being compared, which is an incorrect match. Thus, step 1 causes ptr1 to grow. Now when there is a match, both pointers advance at once. The size of a string T is revealed by the ptr2 at the fourth index of a string S, which is three. Thus, the window with size 5 is obtained. Now, when we move going right to left through the window's elements, if we find a match, we cut pt2 by 1. The border should be placed at the point in which the ptr2 becomes 0. Anything beyond the line is undesirable character.

As a result, after shrinking the window, we obtain "pcde" instead of "ypcde" before. Therefore, the character "y" is undesirable.

For the remaining portion of the string S, the same procedure can be repeated.

File name: WindowSeq.java

public class WindowSeq    {      public static String findMinWindow(String S1, String S2)    {      // The window is initially bare in the beginning. String win = "";   int ptr2 = 0;   int minimum = S1.length() + 1;      for (int ptr1 = 0; ptr1 < S1.length(); ptr1++)    {      // Since ptr1 is just the loop variable, it will automatically increase the ptr2 pointer if the //characters in both strings match. if (S1.charAt(ptr1) == S2.charAt(ptr2))    {   ptr2 = ptr2 + 1;      // The entire string S2 has already been examined. As a result, it is now appropriate to //close the window. if (ptr2 == S2.length())    {   int e = ptr1 + 1;   ptr2 = ptr2 - 1;      // lowering the size of the window  while (ptr2 >= 0)    {   if (S1.charAt(ptr1) == S2.charAt(ptr2))    {   ptr2 = ptr2 - 1;   }   ptr1 = ptr1 - 1;   }      ptr2 = ptr2 + 1;   ptr1 = ptr1 + 1;      // We must alter the window because we discovered one that is shorter. if (e - ptr1 < minimum)    {      // the var minimum being updated minimum = e - ptr1;      // upgrading the window   win = S1.substring(ptr1, e);   }   }   }   }          // returning our final response and saving it in the window return win;   }     public static void main(String argvs[])   {   WindowSeq obj = new WindowSeq();   String s1 = "zxcvbnm";   String s2 = "vnm";   System.out.println("For the given strings \"" + s1 + "\" and \"" + s2 + "\"");      String str = obj.findMinWindow(s1, s2);   System.out.println("The minimum window is : " + str);   System.out.println();        s1 = "ypcdepdde";   s2 = "pde";   System.out.println("For the given strings \"" + s1 + "\" and \"" + s2 + "\"");   str = obj.findMinWindow(s1, s2);   System.out.println("The minimum window is : " + str);   System.out.println();        s1 = "qwertyiop";   s2 = "tip";   System.out.println("For the given strings \"" + s1 + "\" and \"" + s2 + "\"");   str = obj.findMinWindow(s1, s2);   System.out.println("The minimum window is : " + str);      }      }
Output
For the given strings "zxcvbnm" and "vnm" The minimum window is: vbnm For the given strings "asdfghjkl" and "fhl" The minimum window is: fghjkl For the given strings "qwertyuiop" and "tip" The minimum window is: tyiop

The program's time complexity is O(n2), where n represents the total amount of characters in the string, due to the loops (one for-loop and another while-loop). The program does not consume any additional space, increasing the space's complexity to O (1).

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Minimum Window Subsequence in Java - TAE

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Minimum Window Subsequence in Java with tutorial and examples on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XHTML, Java, .Net, PHP, C, C++, Python, JSP, Spring, Bootstrap, jQuery, Interview Questions etc.

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How to Create a Directory or Folder in C/C++

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How to Create a Directory or Folder in C/C++

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Creating Directories or Folders

At present, we have various operating systems, for example, let's talk about Windows and Linux, and we have other processes for creating directories and files. Additionally, there are several compilers that can be utilized, such as GCC/G++ compilers for Linux and Turbo C for Windows.

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1) What is Groovy?

Groovy is an object-oriented programming language. It is based on the Java platform. It can also be used as a scripting language.

2) Who designed the Groovy?

James Strachan designed the Groovy.

3) What is the stable version of Groovy?

The stable version of Groovy is 2.4.

4) Why we should use Groovy?

We should use Groovy because of the following advantages.

It provides easy syntax.

It has lots of Java libraries.

learn more...

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1) What is Groovy? 2) Who designed the Groovy? 3) What is the stable version of Groovy? 4) Why we should use Groovy? 5) What are the features of Groovy? 6) What are the limitations of Groovy? 7) How can we write a simple program?

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Three.js is a cross-browser JavaScript library and application programming interface that uses WebGL to create and display animated 3D computer graphics in a web browser. The source code is available in a GitHub repository.

The purpose of this section is to provide a brief overview of three.js. We'll begin by creating a scene with a spinning cube. If you get stuck and need assistance, a working example is provided at the bottom of the page.

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This is the base class for most three.js objects, and it provides a set of properties and methods for manipulating objects in 3D space.

It should be noted that this can be used to group objects using the. add(object) method, which adds the object as a child, but Group is preferable.

Constructor
Object3D()
The constructor takes no arguments.

Properties
.animations : AnimationClip
Array with object's animation clips.
.castShadow : Boolean
Whether the object gets rendered into shadow map. Default is false.
.children : Array
Array with object's children.
.customDepthMaterial : Material
Custom depth material to be used when rendering to the depth map. Can only be used in context of meshes. When shadow-casting with a DirectionalLight or SpotLight, if you are modifying vertex positions in the vertex shader you must specify a customDepthMaterial for proper shadows. Default is undefined.
.customDistanceMaterial : Material
Same as customDepthMaterial, but used with PointLight. Default is undefined.
.frustumCulled : Boolean
When this is set, it checks every frame to see if the object is in the camera's frustum before rendering it. If set to 'false,' the object is rendered every frame even if it is not in the camera's frustum. The default value is 'true.'
.id : Integer
readonly - Unique number for this object instance.
.layers : Layers
The layer membership of the object. The object is only visible if it has at least one layer in common with the Camera in use. This property can also be used to filter out unwanted objects in ray-intersection tests when using Raycaster.
.matrix : Matrix4
The local transform matrix.
.matrixAutoUpdate : Boolean
When this is set, it calculates the matrix of position, (rotation or quaternion) and scale every frame and also recalculates the matrixWorld property. Default is Object3D.DefaultMatrixAutoUpdate (true).
.matrixWorld : Matrix4
The global transform of the object. If the Object3D has no parent, then it's identical to the local transform .matrix.
.matrixWorldNeedsUpdate : Boolean
When this is set, it calculates the matrixWorld in that frame and resets this property to false. Default is false.
.modelViewMatrix : Matrix4
This is passed to the shader and used to calculate the position of the object.
.name : String
Optional name of the object (doesn't need to be unique). Default is an empty string.
.normalMatrix : Matrix3
This is passed to the shader, which uses it to calculate the object's lighting. It is the inverse of the upper left 3x3 sub-matrix of this object's modelViewMatrix transposed.

The reason for this special matrix is that using the modelViewMatrix alone may result in non-unit length normals (on scaling) or a non-perpendicular direction (on non-uniform scaling).

The translation part of the modelViewMatrix, on the other hand, is irrelevant for normals calculation. As a result, a Matrix3 suffices.
.onAfterRender : Function
A callback that can be specified and is executed immediately after a 3D object is rendered. The following parameters are passed to this function: renderer, scene, camera, geometry, material, and group.

Please keep in mind that this callback is only applied to renderable 3D objects. Meaning 3D objects that define their visual appearance with geometries and materials such as Mesh, Line, Points, or Sprite instances. Because instances of Object3D, Group, or Bone are not renderable, this callback is not executed for them.

.onBeforeRender : Function

An optional callback that is executed immediately before rendering a 3D object. The following parameters are passed to this function: renderer, scene, camera, geometry, material, and group.

Please keep in mind that this callback is only applied to renderable 3D objects. Meaning 3D objects that define their visual appearance with geometries and materials such as Mesh, Line, Points, or Sprite instances. Because instances of Object3D, Group, or Bone are not renderable, this callback is not executed for them.
.parent : Object3D
Object's parent in the scene graph. An object can have at most one parent.
.position : Vector3
A Vector3 representing the object's local position. Default is (0, 0, 0).
.quaternion : Quaternion
Object's local rotation as a Quaternion.
.receiveShadow : Boolean
Whether the material receives shadows. Default is false.
.renderOrder : Number
This value allows the default rendering order of scene graph objects to be overridden although opaque and transparent objects remain sorted independently. When this property is set for an instance of Group, all descendants objects will be sorted and rendered together. Sorting is from lowest to highest renderOrder. Default value is 0.
.rotation : Euler
Object's local rotation (see Euler angles), in radians.
.scale : Vector3
The object's local scale. Default is Vector3( 1, 1, 1 ).
.up : Vector3
This is used by the lookAt method, for example, to determine the orientation of the result.

Default is Object3D.DefaultUp - that is, ( 0, 1, 0 ).
.userData : Object
An object that can be used to store custom data about the Object3D. It should not hold references to functions as these will not be cloned.
.uuid : String
UUID of this object instance. This gets automatically assigned, so this shouldn't be edited.
.visible : Boolean
Object gets rendered if true. Default is true.

Static Properties

Static properties and methods are defined per class rather than per instance of that class. This means that changing Object3D.DefaultUp or Object3D.DefaultMatrixAutoUpdate will change the values of up and matrixAutoUpdate for every instance of Object3D (or derived classes) created after the change has been made (already created Object3Ds will not be affected).
.DefaultUp : Vector3
The default up direction for objects, also used as the default position for DirectionalLight, HemisphereLight and Spotlight (which creates lights shining from the top down).

Set to ( 0, 1, 0 ) by default.
.DefaultMatrixAutoUpdate : Boolean
The default setting for matrixAutoUpdate for newly created Object3Ds.

Methods

EventDispatcher methods are available on this class.
.add ( object : Object3D, ... ) : this
Adds object as child of this object. An arbitrary number of objects may be added. Any current parent on an object passed in here will be removed, since an object can have at most one parent.
.applyMatrix4 ( matrix : Matrix4 ) : undefined
Applies the matrix transform to the object and updates the object's position, rotation and scale.
.applyQuaternion ( quaternion : Quaternion ) : this
Applies the rotation represented by the quaternion to the object.
.attach ( object : Object3D ) : this
Adds object as a child of this, while maintaining the object's world transform.

Note: This method does not support scene graphs having non-uniformly-scaled nodes(s).

.clone ( recursive : Boolean ) : Object3D
recursive -- if true, descendants of the object are also cloned. Default is true.

Returns a clone of this object and optionally all descendants.
.copy ( object : Object3D, recursive : Boolean ) : this
recursive -- if true, descendants of the object are also copied. Default is true.

Copy the given object into this object. Note: event listeners and user-defined callbacks (.onAfterRender and .onBeforeRender) are not copied.
.getObjectById ( id : Integer ) : Object3D
id -- Unique number of the object instance

Searches through an object and its children, starting with the object itself, and returns the first with a matching id.

Note that ids are assigned in chronological order: 1, 2, 3, ..., incrementing by one for each new object.
.getObjectByName ( name : String ) : Object3D
name -- String to match to the children's Object3D.name property.

Searches through an object and its children, starting with the object itself, and returns the first with a matching name.

Note that for most objects the name is an empty string by default. You will have to set it manually to make use of this method.

. getObjectByProperty ( name : String, value : Any ) : Object3D

name -- the property name to search for.

value -- value of the given property.

Searches through an object and its children, starting with the object itself, and returns the first with a property that matches the value given.
.getWorldPosition ( target : Vector3 ) : Vector3
target - the result will be copied into this Vector3.

Returns a vector representing the position of the object in world space.
.getWorldQuaternion ( target : Quaternion ) : Quaternion
target - the result will be copied into this Quaternion.

Returns a quaternion representing the rotation of the object in world space.
.getWorldScale ( target : Vector3 ) : Vector3
target - the result will be copied into this Vector3.

Returns a vector of the scaling factors applied to the object for each axis in world space.
.getWorldDirection ( target : Vector3 ) : Vector3
target - the result will be copied into this Vector3.

Returns a vector representing the direction of object's positive z-axis in world space.
.localToWorld ( vector : Vector3 ) : Vector3
vector - A vector representing a position in this object's local space.

Converts the vector from this object's local space to world space.
.lookAt ( vector : Vector3 ) : undefined .lookAt ( x : Float, y : Float, z : Float ) : undefined
vector - A vector representing a position in world space.

Optionally, the x, y and z components of the world space position.

Rotates the object to face a point in world space.

This method does not support objects having non-uniformly-scaled parent(s).
.raycast ( raycaster : Raycaster, intersects : Array ) : Array
Abstract (empty) method to get intersections between a casted ray and this object. Subclasses such as Mesh, Line, and Points implement this method in order to use raycasting.
.remove ( object : Object3D, ... ) : this
Removes object as child of this object. An arbitrary number of objects may be removed.
.removeFromParent () : this
Removes this object from its current parent.
.clear () : this
Removes all child objects.
.rotateOnAxis ( axis : Vector3, angle : Float ) : this
axis -- A normalized vector in object space.

angle -- The angle in radians.

Rotate an object along an axis in object space. The axis is assumed to be normalized.
.rotateOnWorldAxis ( axis : Vector3, angle : Float ) : this
axis -- A normalized vector in world space.

angle -- The angle in radians.

Rotate an object along an axis in world space. The axis is assumed to be normalized. Method Assumes no rotated parent.
.rotateX ( rad : Float ) : this
rad - the angle to rotate in radians.

Rotates the object around x axis in local space.
.rotateY ( rad : Float ) : this
rad - the angle to rotate in radians.

Rotates the object around y axis in local space.
.rotateZ ( rad : Float ) : this
rad - the angle to rotate in radians.

Rotates the object around z axis in local space.
.setRotationFromAxisAngle (axis : Vector3, angle : Float ) : undefined
axis -- A normalized vector in object space.

angle -- angle in radians

Calls setFromAxisAngle( axis, angle ) on the .quaternion.
.setRotationFromEuler ( euler : Euler ) : undefined
euler -- Euler angle specifying rotation amount.

Calls setRotationFromEuler( euler) on the .quaternion.
.setRotationFromMatrix ( m : Matrix4 ) : undefined
m -- rotate the quaternion by the rotation component of the matrix.

Calls setFromRotationMatrix( m) on the .quaternion.
Note that this assumes that the upper 3x3 of m is a pure rotation matrix ( i.e, unscaled). .setRotationFromQuaternion ( q : Quaternion ) : undefined
q -- normalized Quaternion.

Copy the given quaternion into .quaternion.
.toJSON (meta : Object ) :Object
meta -- object containing metadata such as materials, textures or images for the object.

Convert the object to three.js JSON Object/Scene format.
.translateOnAxis (axis : Vector3, distance : Float ) : this
axis -- A normalized vector in object space.

distance -- The distance to translate.

Translate an object by distance along an axis in object space. The axis is assumed to be normalized.
.translateX ( distance : Float ) : this
Translates object along x axis in object space by distance units.
.translateY ( distance : Float ) : this
Translates object along y axis in object space by distance units.
.translateZ ( distance : Float ) : this
Translates object along z axis in object space by distance units.
.traverse ( callback : Function ) : undefined
callback - A function with as first argument an object3D object.

Executes the callback on this object and all descendants.

Note: Modifying the scene graph inside the callback is discouraged.

.traverseVisible ( callback : Function ) : undefined
callback - A function with as first argument an object3D object.

Like traverse, but the callback will only be executed for visible objects. Descendants of invisible objects are not traversed.

Note: Modifying the scene graph inside the callback is discouraged.

.traverseAncestors ( callback : Function ) : undefined
callback - A function with as first argument an object3D object.

Executes the callback on all ancestors.

Note: Modifying the scene graph inside the callback is discouraged.

.updateMatrix () : undefined
Updates the local transform.
.updateMatrixWorld ( force : Boolean ) : undefined
Updates the global transform of the object and its descendants.
.updateWorldMatrix ( updateParents : Boolean, updateChildren : Boolean ) : undefined
updateParents - recursively updates global transform of ancestors.

updateChildren - recursively updates global transform of descendants.

Updates the global transform of the object.
.worldToLocal ( vector : Vector3 ) : Vector3
vector - A vector representing a position in world space.

Converts the vector from world space to this object's local space.

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ThreeJS Object3D with tutorial and examples on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XHTML, Java, .Net, PHP, C, C++, Python, JSP, Spring, Bootstrap, jQuery, Interview Questions etc.

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Stoi Function

C++ provides a variety of string manipulation functions that allow you to parse, convert, and manipulate strings. One such function is stoi(), which is a part of the <string> header in C++. The function stoi stands for "string to integer", and it converts a string to an integer. In this blog, we will discuss the stoi function in detail, including its syntax, code examples, inputs, and outputs.

https://bit.ly/3UjpF8e

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C++ provides a variety of string manipulation functions that allow you to parse, convert, and manipulate strings. One such function is stoi(), which is a part of the <string> header in C++. The function stoi stands for "string to integer", and it converts a string to an integer. In this blog, we will discuss the stoi function in detail, including its syntax, code examples, inputs, and outputs.
Syntax of the stoi() function :
The syntax of the stoi function is quite straightforward. Here is an example of how to use it:

int stoi (const string& str, size_t *idx = 0, int base = 10); long stoi (const string& str, size_t *idx = 0, int base = 10); long longstoi (const string& str, size_t *idx = 0, int base = 10);

The stoi function takes three parameters:

str: It is the string that we want to convert to an integer.

idx: It is an optional parameter that can be used to store the number of characters processed in the string.

base: It is an optional parameter that can be used to specify the number base of the integer to be returned. By default, it is set to , which means that the integer returned is in .

Code Examples of function Let's look at some code examples that demonstrate how to use the function in C++.
Example 1:Simple Conversion
In this example, we will convert a simple string to an integer.

#include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main() {     string str = "12345";     int num = stoi(str); cout<< num <<endl;     return 0; }
Output:
12345
Example 2:Conversion with idx parameter:
In this example, we will use the idx parameter to store the number of characters processed in the string.

#include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main() {     string str = "12345abc"; size_tidx;     int num = stoi(str, &idx); cout<< num <<endl; cout<< "Number of characters processed: " <<idx<<endl;     return 0; }
Output:
12345 Number of characters processed: 5
Example 3:Conversion with base parameter:
In this example, we will use the base parameter to specify the number base of the integer to be returned.

#include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main() {     string str = "1010";     int num = stoi(str, 0, 2); cout<< num <<endl;     return 0; }
Output:
10

and of the stoi() function. The stoi function takes a string as input and returns an integer as output. The input string can be a combination of numerical characters and other characters. The function only processes the numerical characters and converts them to an integer. The other characters are ignored.

For example, consider the following string: . The stoi function will only process the characters and convert them to an integer. The characters will be ignored.

The output of the stoi function is an integer that represents the numerical value of the input string. If the input string is not a valid numerical value, the function will throw an exception of type invalid_argument.

Exceptions: The stoi function can throw several exceptions, including:

invalid_argument: This exception is thrown when the input string is not a valid numerical value.

out_of_range: This exception is thrown when the converted integer is too large to be stored in an int data type.

It is recommended to use try-catch blocks to handle these exceptions. Here is an example:

#include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main() {     string str = "abc";     try {         int num = stoi(str); cout<< num <<endl;     } catch (const invalid_argument& e) { cout<< "Invalid argument: " <<e.what() <<endl;     } catch (const out_of_range& e) { cout<< "Out of range: " <<e.what() <<endl;     }     return 0; }
Output:
Invalid argument: stoi: no conversion

Conclusion:

The stoi function in is a convenient and efficient way to convert a string to an integer. It is an important tool for string manipulation and parsing, and is widely used in C++ programming. Understanding the syntax, code examples, inputs, and outputs of the stoi function will help you use it effectively in your own programs.

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Stoi function in C++ with tutorial and examples on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XHTML, Java, .Net, PHP, C, C++, Python, JSP, Spring, Bootstrap, jQuery, Interview Questions etc.

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Difference between the user-defined and the library function in C- Javatpoint

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