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Indie Rock
(Bi Yin)

History

What makes Indie Rock (characteristics)

Essential songs and artists

Playlists of songs

Pop
(Nicole)

History

What makes Indie Rock (characteristics)

Essential songs and artists

Playlists of songs

Melody Analysis (Under the Weather)

Melody Analysis (Remaja)

First song - Under the Weather
(Jeremy)

Lead Sheet

Analysis (musically)

Comparison with other songs of the same genre

Band history

Bossa aspect

Second song - Remaja
(Kevin)

Lead Sheet

Analysis (musically)

Comparison with other songs of the same genre

Band history

Bossa aspect

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The chords for the third chorus are reharmonized which creates a more elaborate arrangement through variation. The D minor major 7 in the 8th bar is replaced by an E7 (V7) chord which forms the typical ii-V-I movement with the B minor and A major surrounding it.

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We've done some rearrangement but we still need to arrange the genre switch at the end. We plan to add a few bars of vamping to establish the groove better before the vocals come back in.

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Pop music has changed over time due to changing tastes and the decline in popularity of specific instruments. Some instruments, however, have endured and grown to be staples of pop music.

Vocals

Guitar

Bass

Drums/ Percussion

Keyboard/ Piano

Synthesiser

Other instruments:

Saxophone

Strings

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Having a dream of being a original singer-songwriter, Nicole started her music journey learning the electone but decided to switch to classical piano instead at the age of 12. However, she only started singing during secondary school due to the lack of confidence.

After years of singing for small performances such as school and competitions, Nicole slowly gained her confidence being a vocalist and has decided to pursue a music degree. Today, she is finally doing something she loves - being a vocalist, doing shows, gigs and has released one original song "PICNIC" to the public!

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In the chorus, the second chord used is the v minor 6, a modal change chord borrowed from the parallel key of A Mixolydian. A regular V chord would have worked harmonically here, however, the quality of a v minor chord provides a somber and melancholic effect that would not be present in a diatonic chord. This effect can also be found at the end of Coldplay's Yellow.

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In this Padlet, we will be mainly discussing about the details such as form, instumentations, harmony, melody, as well as song examples of Indie Rock, Pop and Bossa Nova. We will go through with explanations on their definitions, history, and what makes them the genres they are.

In addition, we will also be analysing the 2 songs our band had chosen to a certain depth, which are Under the Weather by Midnight Fusic as well as Remaja by HIVI!.

We also included a band rehearsal as well as each member's solo performance. Last but not least, we made an analysis video which highlights the key information spread throughout the Padlet in a concise and entertaining fashion.

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While normally repeating the chords after the 8th bar, the final chorus instead continues the reharmonization by replacing the E minor with an F#7, a secondary dominant chord that resolves down to B minor. This B minor has replaced the original D major which is a common reharmonization technique as they both function as the subdominant in the key of A.

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The verse melody is written very differently from a usual pop/bossa nova verse where the song just started because it is fairly more complex.

Firstly, more tensions notes such as 7, 11, 9, and 13 were used and not resolved (but instead going to another tension note) as compared to chord tones which makes the melody sound interesting and unpredictable. The melody is also written in a call and response format. For example, bar 8-11 is a response to bar 4-7.

The other element making the melody complex is that its written in disjunct motion (where more intervallic leaps are used than closer notes). In general, there are numerous small leaps and noticeable big leaps in the melody (circled in purple).

The rhythmic grouping and phrasing in the verse is also asymmetrical where the length of every phrase is different with a complicated rhythm where more shorter notes (quavers, dotted quavers, semi-quavers), syncopation and anticipation were applied.

The chord progression also allowed the melody to be out of the box as notes out of the key were used (circled in pink).

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JISOO, JENNIE, ROSÉ, and LISA are members of the YG Entertainment-created South Korean girl group BLACKPINK. The group made their debut in August 2016 with SQUARE ONE, a single album that includes the singles "WHISTLE" and "BOOMBAYAH."

They are the Billboard Hot 100's highest-charting female Kpop act, peaking at number 13 with "Ice Cream," and the Billboard 200's highest-charting female Kpop act, peaking at number two with THE ALBUM, the first album by a Korean female group to sell more than one million copies.

Their "How You Like That" music video earned them three Guinness World Records entries. It became Guinness World Records'

most seen YouTube video in 24 hours

most viewed music video on YouTube in 24 hours

most viewed YouTube music video by a K-pop group in 24 hours

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He is considered the key figure in the creation and spread of Bossa Nova. He wrote The Girl From Ipanema arguably the most popular Bossa Nova tune of all time.

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Michael Jackson should be at the top of the list because he is the King of Pop. When the renowned singer was a little boy, the Jackson family of musicians and their band, the Jackson 5, assisted in his rise to fame. This led to frequent recording sessions for Motown Records as well as appearances all across the Midwest.

Jackson had successful albums in the 1980s including Thriller and Bad in addition to top-charting singles like "Beat It" and "Billy Jean." He always employed state-of-the-art production techniques and led bands with a superb reputation.

Along side with his music, the explosive dance and choreography that Michael Jackson was known for are still popular today. Regrettably, controversy followed him throughout the last years of his career and even after his death in 2009.

Jackson's career was rewarded with

13 Grammy Awards

Grammy Legend Award

Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award

6 Brit Awards

5 Billboard Music Awards

24 American Music Awards

20 Guinness World Records

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Michael Jackson - Beat It (Official 4K Video)

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The term "pop music" was initially used in the 1950s to describe popular music that was not jazz or classical. Some claim that the term "pop" is a shortened form of "popular," and that it was coined to disparage working-class music. Others say that the term "popular" implies "lowbrow," or less intelligent music than classical music (which may explain why some people refer to pop tunes as "dumb").

Pop songs are commonly connected with commercialism since they are generally short, catchy, and simple to listen to (and are usually created by professionals): Every year, pop superstars such as Taylor Swift sell millions of albums throughout the world.

Pop music is the most popular genre. It's also the most well-known, profitable, and easily accessible genre. Pop songs are often written to be played by a wide range of voices, making them easier to sing along with than genres that need particular vocal abilities, such as opera or heavy metal.

Popular music is often created to express one's feelings and/or experiences. As a result, it appeals to adolescent audiences since teens are going through a lot of changes in their lives right now and have a lot of emotions that they need to express. Furthermore, pop music is not only catchy but also dynamic, allowing people to dance along while having a good time at parties! (AMVIBES MUSIC SCHOOL, 2022).

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Moore, R. (2013, July 25). Indie rock. Grove Music Online. https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/display/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-1002241531

Schnitker, L. B. (2013, July 25). Independent label. Grove Music Online. https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/display/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-1002241520#omo-9781561592630-e-1002241520

Indie Song Makers. (2023, April 3). What instruments are used in indie music? - indie song makers. Indie Song Makers - Music guides for DIY singer-songwriters. https://indiesongmakers.com/what-instruments-are-used-in-indie-music/#:~:text=in%20the%20middle.-,Indie%20Rock,%2C%20Les%20Pauls%2C%20and%20Jazzmasters.

The Indie Music Lab. (2022). Produce an Indie Rock Song (A 5-Step Guide). Retrieved May 31, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1UBMkGBsJ0.

The Indie Music Lab. (2022). Produce Indie Rock Vocals: My Top 5 Techniques. Retrieved May 31, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRkEGhGiDj0.

Superchunk. (n.d.). Merge records - artists, news, music - shop vinyl, Merch, music and more. https://www.mergerecords.com/artist/superchunk

Holland, G. (2023). Arctic Monkeys: Everything you need to know about the music legends. Absolute Radio. https://planetradio.co.uk/absolute-radio/music/news/arctic-monkeys/

Watsoo. (2023, January 9). What genre are the Arctic Monkeys?. Roll The Record. https://rolltherecord.com/blog/what-music-genre-is-arctic-monkeys/#:~:text=This%20was%20the%20debut%20studio,revival%2C%20and%20post%2DBritpop.

王妍文. (2019, July 1). 獨立樂團茄子蛋：做喜歡的事 吃吐司也是爽的！ - smart自學網 - 財經好讀 - 輕理財 - 名人沒說的事 - (茄子蛋,浪子回頭,木曜4超玩,浪流連). Smart自學網. https://smart.businessweekly.com.tw/Reading/WebArticle.aspx?id=69654&p=1

John, B. (2019, March 12). Spotlight on: Eggplantegg 茄子蛋. Taiwan Beats. https://taiwanbeats.tw/archives/10295

AMVIBES MUSIC SCHOOL. (2022, September 25). Pop Music Genre - Definition & History - (+10 EXAMPLES) [Review of Pop Music Genre - Definition & History - (+10 EXAMPLES)]. AMVIBES MUSIC SCHOOL. https://www.damvibes.com/music-theory/pop-music-genre-definition-history/#:~:text=Pop%20music%20is%20a%20very,a%20catchy%20melody%20and%20lyrics.

CalypsoRoom . (2023, May). Brief history of pop music [Review of Brief history of pop music]. CalypsoRoom . https://www.calypsoroom.com/Brief-History-of-Pop-Music.html

Hughes, E. (2022, September 2). The Top 9 Instruments Used in Pop Music. Musical Mum. https://www.musicalmum.com/instruments-used-in-pop-music/

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The style first emerged in the 1950's on the tropical beaches of Rio de Jenario. It formed when jazz was infused into the beach-inspired sounds of Rio to create the "New Trend" (The meaning of Bossa Nova)

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Of Brazilian origin, bossa nova is closely related to the samba as they share similar rhythms  but typically at a slower tempo and more focus on melody rather than percussion.. It is distinguished by a few key sounds including the kick drum hitting every first and third beat with an anticipated kick before. The bass plays the 1 of the chord on the first beat and the 5 on the third beat. It also typically follows the same anticipation as the kick drum. The typical bossa rhythm comping pattern is usually played by a guitar but can also be played on the keys. As can be seen in the image above, comping very often anticipates the first beat of every other bar.

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Pop music emerged in the late 1940s and early 1950s in the United States and the United Kingdom, and it was distinguished by short, catchy songs with basic musical arrangements and memorable lyrics. Pop music has changed over time, with genre shifts and the introduction of key characteristics like as conciseness, hooks, and structure.

The 1960s saw a huge shift in pop music, with important artists such as The Beatles revolutionising the genre and a mix of rock 'n' roll, folk, and R&B creating the decade's sound.

Pop music has seen the advent of digital platforms and streaming services, the influence of social media in promoting and popularising pop music, empowerment and social commentary in song lyrics, genre fusion, and globalisation in the 21st century. Technological developments in music production, as well as collaborations between pop singers and artists from other genres, have all aided the growth of pop music.

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A pop song would be boring if the voice or lyrics were forgettable. The voice is one of the most flexible tools at our disposal. We may utilise our voices to communicate a range of emotions and the song's meaning.

Backing vocals are used in pop music to provide a variety of harmonies that support the vocalist. Des'ree's song Life features background vocalists that support her vocals and improve the words.

Backing vocals are occasionally employed to produce a "wall of sound" in order to give the voice depth. Mika is joined by the supporting voices in her song Happy Ending, which has a call-and-response format.

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The band was formed in Jakarta, 2009. Originally consisted of 4 founding members, which are Dalila Azkadiputra, Ezra Mandira, Febrian Nindyo, and Ilham Aditama. However,  in 2016, Dalila resigned from the band and was replaced by a new vocalist, Neida Aleida.

The band started their debut by joining jazz festivals in Indonesia. One of their famous debut was at Java Jazz 2011.  Not long after that, they released their first album "Say hi! to Hivi!" in 2012. Followed by their second album "Kereta Kencan" in 2017. Additionally, their third and newest album "Ceritera" in 2019.

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The guitar is widely played across many music genres. Pop songs use it in many contexts, from soft pop ballads to energetic riffs and vamps. Acoustic and electric guitars are commonly used in pop music.

However, acoustic guitars are widely used for mellow songs, as in Sixpence None the Richer’s iconic songs There She Goes and Kiss Me. Peter Sarsted accompanies himself on the acoustic guitar in his song Where Do you Go to my Lovely?

An excellent example of the electric guitar is found in The Cranberries’ upbeat song Dreamsand their more serious song, Zombie, dealing with The Troubles in Northern Ireland. Queen is one of the most well-known pop bands of our time, and Brian May’s guitar solos in many of their songs are instantly recognizable, as you can hear in I Want to Break Free.

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Sixpence None the Richer - Kiss Me (Official Video)

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The 1960s were a watershed moment in pop music, with revolutionary musical triumphs and a cultural upheaval.

Pop music in the 1960s underwent a tremendous transition, influenced by social and political movements of the period.

The Beatles revolutionised the genre and became global superstars with their inventive songwriting and irresistible songs. Their music, along with that of other famous bands such as The Rolling Stones and The Beach Boys, established the decade's sound.

In the 1960s, pop music was defined by a synthesis of rock 'n' roll, folk, and R&B, resulting in a varied and eclectic spectrum of sounds. Artists pushed boundaries and challenged established standards during this period of experimentation. The rise of Motown and the soul music movement also had an impact, giving a new degree of complexity and emotional depth to pop music.

Pop music in the 1960s is regarded as a golden age in musical history due to its vivid vitality and cultural effect.

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The Beatles - The Beatles - Help! (Remastered 2015)

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Initially a duo, Midnight Fusic started out in 2013 by posting song covers on YouTube. The duo shortly adopted two more members incorporating a bass player and a drummer. In 2016, they signed a contract with Sony Music Malaysia and have since released multiple hits in Malaysia including their debut single, Heart of May. They have performed in events that also hosted international artists such as The Neighbourhood and Lorde.

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The bass guitar provides the beat that moves the music forward. It is usually used to improve the harmonies or provide a countermelody to the main melody of the song.

For instance, Florence + The Machine advances the melody and beat of King using the bass guitar (and drums).

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Pop music in the 1970s was very different from what it is today. Disco and ballads like Celine Dion's "My Heart Will Go On" were enormous hits.

Real instruments were frequently utilised to play pop in the 1960s and 1970s, but synthesisers and drum machines took dominance in the 1980s. Yamaha DX7s and reverb-drenched drums were in order.

Disco components progressively transitioned into dance music as the decade continued, and pop surely became more electronic throughout the 1990s.

In the early 1990s, pop became a global phenomenon, with boybands like Take That and girl groups like All Saints becoming worldwide hits.

Pop music was also becoming a global phenomenon in the mid-1990s, with groups like the Spice Girls and Backstreet Boys gaining popularity in a variety of nations. These bands not only inspired dozens of imitators throughout the world, but they also established a new level of financial success on a global scale. Television shows like "The X Factor" and "Top Of The Pops" made pop music more accessible than ever before.

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Backstreet Boys - Everybody (Backstreet's Back) (Official HD Video)

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Under the Weather Guitar Solo Improvisation

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Hip hop greatly inspired pop music in the 2000s. This was due to the popularity of the genre at the time.

Hip hop is a genre of music that began in the 1970s and is distinguished by rap lyrics.

Electronic dance music (EDM) affected pop music in the year 2000. It's worth noting that EDM evolved from Chicago house music, another prominent genre from the 1980s and 1990s that fused techno with soulful vocals, and grew to popularity during parties.

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Estelle - American Boy [Feat. Kanye West] [Video]

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Taylor Swift, one of the most well-known female pop singers, has influenced audiences with nine studio albums that have consistently topped charts, starting with Fearless in 2008.

Shake It Off, Blank Space, "Look What You Made Me Do," and "Anti-Hero" are songs that have contributed to her success even now. All of these have reached the top of charts all around the world and won the singer countless accolades.

She has broken numerous records. Even though Ariana Grande smashed 30 Guinness World Records, she broke 84 more! Examples:

Most streamed album on Spotify in 24 hours (184.6 million streams)

Most day-one streams of an album on Spotify (184.6 million streams)

Most streamed act on Spotify in 24 hours (228 million streams)

Taylor Swift is also the 2022 Artist of the Decade and the 2010 Woman of the Decade.

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Pop is the most well-known musical genre. It's easy to recognise and recognise since it's usually associated with catchy melodies, repeating rhythms, and simple, easy-to-understand lyrics. However, it gets confusing because it is really easy for Pop to be combined with other genres.

In this day and age, most music genres can be linked as fusion to Pop if it fits the 3 main elements mentioned as before. This has caused a chain effect of having more and more fusion genres in the industry to grow like a tree ranging from Country Pop, Bubblegum Pop, House Pop, Jazz Pop and the list goes on.

In conclusion, it is really easy and confusing at the same time to define if a song falls under the Pop category. Just always remember, a Pop song can be combined with any genre, as long as it has the element of:
✅ Catchy melody
✅ Repeating rhythms
✅ Simple lyrics

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The song starts with an intro that has 4 bars of just the drums setting up a groove. The guitar and bass come in after to completely flesh out the intro groove.

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Indie Rock refers to Rock 'n' Roll music that is released by independent record labels (Moore, 2013). Before delving further into Indie Rock, it is important to understand the concept of an 'independent label'.

According to Schnitker, an independent label is a type of record label that operates outside the control of major record companies, particularly in terms of distribution. Currently, independent labels claim approximately 25% of the global market share, with major companies such as Sony-BMG, Warner, and Universal controlling the other 75%.

In the writer's opinion, independent music is more akin to alternative music in terms of its unusual musical structure and tendency to break composition rules, making it less accessible to mainstream listeners.

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Midnight Fusic - Under The Weather (Audio)

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Midnight Fusic - Under The Weather (Audio)_1

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Meet Bi Yin, a versatile musician whose passion for music has shaped her life from an early age. With a strong foundation in classical music, she has been playing the piano since the young age of 7. This early passion for music led her to pursue a Diploma in Music at the Yamaha Academy of Arts and Music when she turned 18, further nurturing her skills as a classical musician.

Now 24, years old, Bi Yin is in her second year of a Contemporary Music (Audio Technology) degree at Sunway University. Here, she explores modern music, including jazz, and delves into audio technology such as sound design, compositions, and arrangements.

Beyond classical music, Bi Yin is an EDM enthusiast. During the pandemic, she composed her own EDM tracks and mastered the art of DJing. Her ambition is to become a DJ producer, fusing her classical background with her love for electronic music. Additionally, she has started posting reels of her DJing on Instagram.

Bi Yin’s journey showcases her versatility and curiosity in exploring diverse genres. With a solid foundation in classical music and a growing fascination in contemporary sounds, she is poised to craft a unique music identity that merges tradition and innovation. Keep an eye on Bi Yin as she continues to leave her mark, driven by passion and a commitment to pushing musical boundaries.

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We still need to rearrange the song as we need to find a nice place to put out the key and vocal solo.

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Another figurehead in the creation of the genre who worked closely with Jobim

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HIVI!'s songs are mostly filled with acoustic pop. Although this songs can be mainly categorised as pop, the style (especially the chords) are heavily jazz influenced.

This what makes this band unique is how light, calming, and easy the songs are to listen to.

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The general bass and drum pattern repeated in the outro

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The instrumental ending to Midnight Fusic's Under The Weather somewhat carries a bossa nova feeling through its syncopation and calm vibe. Though it doesn't have the exact techniques used in bossa nova, enough similarities can be found. For example, the snares of the drums in every odd numbered bar seem to follow the rhythm of a typical bossa comp. The kick also continuously hits the 1st and 3rd beat and anticipates the 3rd. The bass also anticipates the 3rd beat following the kick. Furthermore, the bass anticipates the first beat of every other bar like how typical bossa comping does.

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The song starts with intro in which they repeat the root chord (Emaj7) and establish a quite catchy rhythm which will be used throughout the entire song. Ending it with the hook which is iv and Vsus4 in a bar.

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We are a band with 4 core members and the reason we’re called Ramlee Burger is because….

WE LOVE P.RAMLEE AND RAMLEE BURGER!!!! 🍔💗

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The opening and closing line of Coldplay's Yellow

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In Indie Rock genre, the musicians usually use the similar instrumentation as the traditional rock band. Such as:

vocal

electric guitar

acoustic guitar

electric bass guitar

drums

synthesizer

keyboard/digital piano

(IndieSongMakers, 2023)

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Under the Weather has a mix of upbeat and mellow sections, catchy guitar riffs, and expressive vocals.

Hence, the song could be considered as indie rock, with influences from alternative and pop music as well.

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Arctic Monkeys is a Rock band from Sheffield since 2002 - present. The four main members are Alex Turner (lead vocals and rhythmic guitar), Jamie Cook (lead guitar, along with keyboard and backing vocals), Matt Helders (drums and backing vocals) and Nick O'Malley (bass and backing vocals)(Holland, 2023).

Unlike Superchunk that focus mainly on Indie Rock style, Arctic Monkeys covers a larger field of Rock genre, such as indie rock, punk rock, alternative rock, garage rock revival, post-punk revival, and post-Britpop (Watsoo, 2023).

"Do I Wanna Know" by the band was added to the playlist. This song was released in 2013 as the first single from their fifth studio album, "AM." The song showcases the band's signature blend of indie rock and alternative rock, featuring a grooving bass-line, gritty guitars, and Alex Turner's distinctive vocals. This song is known for its dark and seductive atmosphere, with lyrics that explore themes of longing and desire. The song received widespread acclaim and became one of the band's most successful and popular songs, solidifying their status as one of the leading bands in contemporary rock music.

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This demonstrates the effect the v minor chord achieves as compared to a regular diatonic V

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Coldplay - Yellow (Official Video) merged

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Indie Rock originated in the United Kingdom. Before the genre "Indie Rock" was invented in the late 1970s, most of the Rock 'n' Roll music in the 1950s was actually released on small, independently owned labels such as Atlantic, Chess, and Sun Records (Moore, 2013).

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Kevin decided and started his journey as a musician when he tried playing piano 4 years ago at the age of 15. Many improvements had happened ever since. However, he started picking up electric guitar not long after joining CMAT (Contemporary Music Audio Technology). He barely had any musical background or experience before he joined CMAT.

However, many things have changed. He started gaining many musical knowledge and experiences and he has improved as he is steps closer to his dream, to become a songwriter.

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Guitarist-Vocalist

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Guitarist-Vocalist

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João Gilberto's ex-wife. Her recording of Jobim's The Girl From Ipanema made it an international hit.

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Analysis of Blue Bossa showing the common use of ii-V-I movements

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The reharmonization builds more variety and creates an abundance of ii-V-I movements which serve to recolour the song to a more typical jazzy sound. It works well to move the song into the "Bossa-esque" outro (more info on that later) as the genre very commonly uses standard jazz progressions. The reharmonization is quite unique to this song as there are hardly any rock songs that reharmonizes its own progression in a different section of the song, even in indie rock.

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There are not many secondary dominant chords in this song. However, they play quite an important role by adding more variation, thus making specific sections in the song offer something different although it's repeated.

For instance, as can be seen in every 4th bar in the chorus section, the chord V7/II is used. However, the chord sounds more interesting as a sus4 is added, then resolved in a bar, making it a kind of response to the lead melody.

Another instance is the 3rd Verse, specifically in the bar 64th, there are 3 chords there, with the root note going half step down 3 times, while the chords used are secondary dominant. This is possible as secondary dominant can give you more control and freedom to manipulate how it sounds in the progression due to it being a chord that has to be resolved.

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Confusion between Alternative Rock and Indie Rock! 🤯

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Confusion between Alternative Rock and Indie Rock! 🤯

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Nowadays, people often confuse indie and alternative music. Although there are some similarities between them, there are also notable differences.

Basically, alternative music refers to music that is alternate to mainstream music, while indie music means the music is recorded by an independent label.

Additionally, the term "rock" implies the incorporation of rock elements into the music.

As for alternative rock, it typically incorporates heavier and noisier elements compared to indie rock.

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After the intro, there is a verse made of an 8 bar progression that repeats once with the same melody but different lyrics. It is followed by a 4 bar break that builds up to the chorus.

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Jeremy has been learning classical piano for over 10 years and has recently completed his grade 8 ABRSM examinations. Despite his background, he has taken a dive into the world of contemporary music and audio technology. He aims to continue to delve deeper into new forms of musical expression and art while maintaining his roots as a classical musician.

He continues his journey as he completes his second year as an audio technology student in Sunway University and looks forward to starting his career in the industry.

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In terms of singing technique, the approach used in this production is reminiscent of the traditional rock genre, specifically utilising the chest voice. According to Lapp (2022), a crucial element for the vocals in terms of production is achieving a "blanketed" vocal sound. This refers to a sound where the vocals are somewhat muffled or subdued, intentionally blending into the music and creating a specific aesthetic. There are five techniques that can be utilised during the production and mixing process to achieve this "blanketed" vocal sound. These techniques include:

1. Automated chorus delay: Applying a chorus effect with automated delay settings to add depth and movement to the vocals.

2. Slap delay instead of reverb: Using slap delay, a short and distinct delay effect, instead of reverb to provide a sense of space without overly washing out the vocals.

3. Distortion and saturation: Applying subtle amounts of distortion or saturation to the vocals to add warmth, character, and a vintage touch.

4. Background vocal accents: Incorporating additional vocal tracks or accents in the background to enhance the overall texture and depth of the vocal sound.

5. Chorus gang vocals: Recording multiple vocal takes with extra energy and a more aggressive sound to create a powerful and intense chorus effect.

By implementing these techniques, one can effectively achieve the desired "blanketed" vocal sound, enhancing the overall production and creating a unique sonic experience. (Lapp, 2022)

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Right after the 4 bars intro, the song straight goes to its first verse. Maintaining the same rhythm and groove, instruments are lightly filled in this section in order to help the listener in track so they don't easily get lost. This section is repeated once again before finally moving to the chorus by changing the last three chords, which are ii - V - I - V7/IV.

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One of the main factors on why this song has such ressemblence to bossa nova style is the rhythm itself. As this song accent the beat between 4th and 1st beat.

Moreover, in the 3rd verse, the double bass is playing bossa nova's line.

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As music students, we have been playing heavy and more intense genres such as rock, pop, funk etc. and this time we would like to take this opportunity to play something more chill - BOSSA NOVA!

(Not to mention, also to learn and brush up our improvisation skills!)

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Main Vocalist

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Main Vocalist

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EggPlantEgg is an Indie band from Taiwan since 2012 - present (王, 2019). The four main members are Ki-pin Ng (lead vocal and keyboard), A-Ren Tsai (guitar and backing vocals), A-Der Hsieh (guitar and backing vocals), Jean Lai (drums) (John, 2019).

"Ms. Doremi" by the band were added to the playlist. This song was released in 2017 as part of their album "Cartoon Character". The song showcases the band's unique musical style, combining the elements of indie rock, folk and pop. This song features catchy melodies, heartfelt lyrics, and the band's distinct vocals. The song's uplifting and playful tone, along with its charming and relatable lyrics, has resonated with audiences and contributed to its popularity. This song is a delightful and infectious track that exemplifies the band's musical prowess and creative spirit.

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In terms of the guitar and bass arrangement, simplicity is the key while still maintaining an interesting sound. According to Lapp, the electric bass arrangement typically follows the rhythm of the kick drum, sometimes incorporating fills for variation.

When it comes to guitars, they hold a prominent position in Indie Rock music. Typically, two types of guitars are commonly utilised: the electric guitar and the acoustic guitar. In this context, the acoustic guitar is responsible for handling the strumming patterns, establishing the rhythmic foundation of the song. On the other hand, the electric guitar serves to enhance the song's appeal by introducing catchy riffs. Additionally, it can add layers by mirroring the acoustic guitar's parts within the arrangement. This combination of electric and acoustic guitars contributes to the overall texture and depth of the music.

In particular, Lapp gave an example of the recording technique for the electric guitar. For example, three takes can be recorded in different ways. The first take is centered, handling the strumming pattern. The second take is panned to the left, and the third take is panned to the right. Both the second and third takes play the riffs, but on different frets and with different presets and amp settings. This approach creates a wider and more dynamic guitar sound.
(Lapp, 2022)

By combining these techniques, a simple yet captivating guitar and bass arrangement can be achieved, adding depth and interest to the overall song.

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Analog drums are commonly used in indie rock music. Without any drumming skills, you can still achieve the desired sound by utilising analog drum samples through virtual instruments or plugins. Instead of using an 808-based electronic drum kit, which has a more electronic and modern character, using an analog sample virtual instrument will provide the organic and vintage sound to the music. This approach allows you to capture the rich and natural tones of analog drums, which can greatly enhance the overall sound and vibe of your music, particularly in the context of indie rock.
(IndieSongMakers, 2023)

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The chorus follows the same structure as the verse containing a different 8 bar progression and melody but repeating it once with different lyrics.

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Unlike the previous section, the chorus section mainly use repetitive chords and melodies, which is important to give some kind of lasting impressions towards the listeners. In this case, the chords are mainly IVmaj7 - V7- Imaj7- VI7sus4. However, the hook iv7-Vsus4 is done again at the last 1 bar of the chorus before the song move to the last verse.

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Keyboard and synthesiser instruments are less commonly used by the indie bands, but there are still instances where indie bands incorporate them into their arrangements. Despite indie rock's tendency towards guitar-driven music, some bands choose to incorporate keyboard and synthesiser sounds to add texture, atmospheric elements, and additional melodic layers to their music. These instruments can bring unique tones, lush pads, catchy melodies, and electronic effects that contribute to the overall sound and creative expression of the band. It allows for experimentation and can help indie bands create their own distinct sonic identity within the genre.

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The song then returns to the instrumental groove from the intro but with slight variations including a different bassline. The following verse and chorus have the exact same structure as before, however, the 4 bar break between them is reduced to 1 bar. This keeps the form interesting as it changes up the expected break.