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The combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shah Alam-II- the Mughal emperor and Shujadaullah of Awadh got defeated by EEIC under the command of Hector Munro in the battle of Buxar in !764.

As a result in 1765,the EEIC got Diwani rights or the right to collect taxes of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa by then Mughal Emperor Shah Alam-II.

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After the battle of Plassey Mir Jafar was made the Nawab of Bengal.

He didn't give desired trade concession to the EEIC.

Therefore he was dethrone and Mir Qasim , his son- in- law was made the Nawab.

He also asserted his legal rights as the Nawab and refused to remain a puppet in the hands of the Company.

The Company could not tolerate it and that resulted in its conflict and Battle of Buxar.

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The EEIC misused the farman given by Auranzeb.

When Aurangzeb died, many governors asserted their independence from the Mughal Empire.

One such governor was Murshid Quli Khan. He declared Bengal free from the Mughal Empire and became the Nawab of Bengal.

But, he and his successors ran into a huge conflict with EEIC.

Read this comic to understand why.

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When a company or individual merchants are trading in a particular Kingdom/Empire/Country, they need to pay taxes to the Government.
This is because the government facilitates trade and the government likes to have a profit of the trade
EEIC persuaded Aurangzeb to allow them to trade "duty-free" or "tax-free"
Aurangzeb agreed. But only the EEIC got this permission.
But, they misused it.

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Farman = Royal Order
Aurangzeb, the Mughal Emperor, due to a lot of pressure from the Company, issued a Farman that allowed the Company to trade "Duty-free" or "tax-free".

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What?

A warehouse for storing goods for trade

Offices where the company's officials sat and worked.

Where?

The first English factory was set up by the English East India Company in 1651 on the banks of the Hugli River in West Bengal.

AS TRADE INCREASED, THE BRITISH:

Encouraged Indian Traders and merchants to settle close to the factor

Started building a fort around the factory and the settlements

Bribed Mughal officials to get zamindari rights over the area

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Seems so... they had fierce battles:

They sank each other's ships

They blocked each other's routes

They prevented rival ships from moving with supplies of goods

Trade was carried on with arms & ammunition and they even fortified their Trading Posts (Factories)

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DID THE EUROPEANS FIGHT WITH EACH OTHER?

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DID THE EUROPEANS FIGHT WITH EACH OTHER?

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Oh, yes! A lot!
All of them wanted to trade in the same commodities: Spices & textiles

Each of the European trading companies wanted the "sole right to trade with India", so that they could make profits.

They wanted to establish "Monopoly" so that they could earn maximum profits by buying goods cheap and selling them at higher prices. \

WHAT IS MONOPOLY?

Monopoly means having exclusive right or control. Each of them wanted to be the ONLY ones trading with India

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Initially, the Arabs used to trade with India

But, the Portuguese drove them out after establishing the sea route

Then, for about a 100 years, only the Portuguese and in some areas, few Arab traders too

Then came the other Europeans:

British

Dutch

French

Spanish

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Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer discovered the sea route to India in 1498

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Spices: Pepper, cloves, cardamom, cinnamon, saffron etc.
AND
Textiles: cotton & silk cloth from India were renowned in the entire world

The EEIC had to pay in gold or silver coins to Indian traders for these items

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Why did EEIC and the Nawab of Bengal have a conflict?

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Charter: In 1600, the East India Company (private company) acquired charter from the ruler of England, Queen Elizabeth I, granting sole right to trade with east. No other trading group in England could compete with the East India Company.

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Mercantile means `a business enterprise that makes profit primarily through trade, buying goods cheap and selling them at higher price’.

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When Alivardi Khan died in 1756,

Sirajuddaulah became the Nawab of Bengal.

Conflict between EEIC and Nawabs of Bengal intensified and resulted in Battle of Plassey.

Link of E book- https://app.bookcreator.com/library/-MJGc26zhuv_fpsbqAd6

Code-SMMHSNB