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Sapkota, A. (2020, June 1) Meiosis- definition, purpose, stages, application with diagram.

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Meiosis consists of one round of chromosome duplication and two rounds of nuclear division (Fowler & Others 2021).

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The first round of meiotic cell division; referred to as reduction division because the resulting cells are haploid (Fowler & Others 2021).

During prophase 1, a lot of important things happen
Prophase

The DNA will begin to shrink into chromosomes.

The duplicated chromatids will then join at the centromere and will continue to stay connected all the way through Meiosis 1.

Synapsis also takes place in the prophase 1

Synapsis is the formation of a close association between homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 (Fowler & Others, 2021).

Crossing over stage

The homologous chromosomes will then line up with each other, thus forming tetrads

The nuclear membrane then breaks itself down

The two centrosomes will then move to the opposite poles in the cell

Metaphase 1

The synapsis chromosomes will begin to move to the middle of the cell

Anaphase 1

The homologous chromosomes split and separate, moving to the poles of the cells

Telophase1

The cells are ready to divide into two daughter cell

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The second round of meiotic cell division following meiosis 1; sister chromatids are separated from each other the result is four unique haploid cells (Fowler & Others, 2021).

Prophase 2

Chromatin start to form into noticeable chromosomes

Spindle fibers with to appear in this phase

Metaphase 2

These spindle fibers will now connect to the kinetochore from each sister chromatid

Anaphase 2

Spindle fibers will connect to each of the sister chromatids

This will move each chromatid to each pole of the cell

Telophase 2

The sister chromosomes reach the opposite poles

Results in 4 unique haploid cells that only have 1 copy of each chromosome.

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Sapkota, A. (2021, May 30) Mitosis- definition, purpose, stages, applications with diagram

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The period of the cell cycle at which the duplicated chromosomes are separated into identical nuclei; includes prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (Fowler & Others, 2021).

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Fowler, S., Roush, R. & Wise, J. (2021, January 12). Concepts of biology. OpenStax College,

https://openstax.org/details/books/concepts-biology

Sapkota, A. (2020, June 1) Meiosis- definition, purpose, stages, application with diagram. Retrieved from
https://microbenotes.com/meiosis/

Sapkota, A. (2021, May 30) Mitosis- definition, purpose, stages, applications with diagram. Retrieved from
https://microbenotes.com/mitosis/

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Interphase

The chromosomes duplicate and form two identical chromatids, that join together at the centromere

Prophase

While in the nucleus, the chromosomes will shrink

In the cytoplasm, the spindle fibers will begin to form

Metaphase

The nuclear membrane starts to break apart

Spindle fibers will then attach to the chromosomes and move to the center of the cell

Anaphase

The spindle fibers will begin to shrink

And the centromere will divide itself

Which will then turn the chromosomes into chromatids

Telophase

The nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes

Chromosomes will move spread out in their new nucleus

Spindle fibers break down

Cytokinesis

Cell membrane then breaks into two, leaving two separate sets of chromatids

Turing into to two identical daughter cells

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Fowler, S., Roush, R. & Wise, J. (2021, January 12). Concepts of biology.

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Now, during the gamete formation, there are different pairs of alleles that will segregate from each other independently.