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Who: Democritus is a Greek philosopher. He was the one who came up with the term "atom."
When: Around 400 B.C
What: His theory that matter is made up of extremely little, indivisible objects (Atomos) that can't be broken down any further. Solid particle are the building blocks of matter. The assumption is that matter has a consistent structure throughout. Stated matter comes in a variety of shapes, sizes, and weights.

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Who: John Dalton is an English chemist who carried out a series of experiments that contributed to the adoption of the concept of atoms
When: 1803
What: According to Dalton's atomic theory, all elements are made up of atoms, and atoms of the same element are identical. While atoms of different elements are different, and compounds are formed by the joining of atoms of two or more elements.
Atomic Model: Solid Sphere Model

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Who: Joseph John Thomson is also an English scientist who first suggested that an atom is made up of even smaller particles.
When: 1904
What: The Cathode Ray Experiment: J.J Thomson used two electrodes at either end of the tube to apply a high electric voltage. He noticed a particle stream, called a ray, traveling from the negatively charged electrode (cathode) to the positively charged electrode (anode). The cathode ray is the name for this type of beam.
Thomson's Plum Pudding Experiment Model: Like a plum (or raisin) in a pudding, an atom is a positively charged structure with negatively charged electrons strewn about.
Atomic Model: Plum Pudding Model

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Who: Ernest Rutherford is also a British scientist
When: 1919
What: His Gold foil experiment entailed spraying a small sheet of gold foil with a stream of tiny positively charged particles (2000 atoms thick)
Atomic Model: Nuclear Model

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Who: Niels Bohr is a Danish scientist who proposed a solution. He assigned each electron to a specific energy level in his model.
When: 1913
What: Electrons orbit the nucleus in precise orbits, similar to how planets orbit the sun. These orbits, or energy levels, are spaced apart from the nucleus at specific distances.
Atomic Model: Planetary Model

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Who: Erwin Schrödinger is an Austrian physicist who improved on the Bohr atom model. He described the possibility of detecting an electron in a specific position using mathematical equations
When: 1926
What: The Quantum Mechanical Model does not define an electron's exact path, but rather forecasts the probability of the electron's position.
Atomic Model: The Quantum Mechanical Model

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Who: James Chadwick
When: 1932
What: This radiation was thought to be made up of particles with a neutral electrical charge and the mass of a proton. Everything is made up of atomos, which is too small to be seen with the naked eye. Between these core layers of matter, there are empty gaps. Solid particles are the building blocks of matter. The structure of matter is consistent throughout. Matter comes in a variety of shapes, sizes, and weights.