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http://afroamhistory.about.com/video/Overview-of-Segregation.htm

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Citizens' Committee

Separate Car Act of 1890

Declared segregation is Constitutional

“Separate but equal”

Was the beginning of Legal segregation

Inspired the NAACP

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Poll Tax

An annual tax that formerly had to be paid in some Southern states by any wishing to vote

Often times african americans could not afford to pay the necessary tax

Grandfather Clause

Those who could not pay the tax and could not pass the literary test, could still vote with this clause

If a man’s father, or grandfather was eligible to vote before January 1, 1867, the man had the ability to vote

1869 was when African Americans were given the right to vote

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-Born a slave but no one knows his exact birth date

-Believed That African Americans had to achieve economic independence before civil rights.

- must tolerate  discrimination while they proved themselves equal to white people and slowly civil rights would come

-later built the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama

-With Washington as the only teacher for 30 students, Tuskegee Institute opens in an old church. Tuskegee becomes a leading school for African Americans.

-Washington consults President Theodore Roosevelt about political appointments in the South while dining at the White House. Washington is an adviser to President Roosevelt and President Taft on racial matters, partly because he accepts racial inequality.

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http://www.tuskegee.edu/about_us.aspx

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Booker T Washington founded the Tuskegee University in Alabama in 1881

Washington's goal was to equip African Americans with teaching diplomas and useful skills for the future

Specialized in agricultural, mechanical and domestic education

Washington turned the Tuskegee University into an important symbol of black self help

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-Du Bois (February 23, 1868 - August 27, 1963) was an American civil rights activist, leader

-believed that African Americans had to demand their social and civil rights or else become permanent victims of racism

-African americans must fight everyday for their rights given to them in the constitution.

-In 1891 Du Bois got his master of arts and in 1895 his doctorate in history from Harvard. His dissertation, The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America, 1638-1870, was published as No. 1 in the Harvard Historical Series. This important work has yet to be surpassed. In

-Started the Niagara Movement, which insisted that blacks should seek a liberal arts education so that the african american community can have well educated leaders

-Later the movement became The National Association of the Advancement of colored people (NAACP)

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The Niagara Movement was led by WEB Dubois and William Monroe Trotter

The Niagara Movement denounced the idea of gradual progress

Dubois believed Booker T. Washington was too willing to give up African American’s basic rights.

They wanted to teach African Americans more than just trade skills

Du Bois said teaching trade skills “can create workers, but it cannot make men.”

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http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/niagara-movement

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-The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States

-formed in 1909 by Moorfield Storey, Mary White Ovington and W. E. B. Du Bois.

-The mission is to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate race-based discrimination.

-inform the public of the adverse effects of racial discrimination and to seek its elimination

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The National Urban League is an organization created to help underserved areasand was founded in 1910

It was Headquartered in New York City

Serves 300 communities with 95 affiliates in 35 states as well as the District of Columbia

The National Urban League serves 2 million people across the U.S.

The mission of the Urban League was to enable African Americans to be self reliant, and secure power and civil rights.

the Committee on Urban Conditions Among Negroes merged with the Committee for the Improvement of Industrial Conditions Among Negroes in New York and the National League for the Protection of Colored Women to form the National League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes in 191. In 1920, the name was later shortened to the National Urban League.

Professor Edwin R. A. Seligman served as chairman of the committee from 1911 to 1913. He was succeeded by Mrs Baldwin in 1915

The Urban League went on to be a major presence in the 1960s during the civil rights movement.

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http://nul.iamempowered.com/who-we-are