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Skielah - I can classify rocks and how they are created ...

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Skielah - I can classify rocks and how they are created ...

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Sedimentary -  Sedimentary rocks are formed from particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of material. Together, all these particles are called sediment. Gradually, the sediment accumulates in layers and over a long period of time hardens into rock. Generally, sedimentary rock is fairly soft and may break apart or crumble easily. You can often see sand, pebbles, or stones in the rock, and it is usually the only type that contains fossils.
Metamorphic -  Metamorphic rocks are formed under the surface of the earth from the metamorphosis (change) that occurs due to intense heat and pressure (squeezing). The rocks that result from these processes often have ribbonlike layers and may have shiny crystals, formed by minerals growing slowly over time, on their surface.
Igneous -  Igneous rocks are formed when magma (molten rock deep within the earth) cools and hardens. Sometimes the magma cools inside the earth, and other times it erupts onto the surface from volcanoes (in this case, it is called lava). When lava cools very quickly, no crystals form and the rock looks shiny and glass like. Sometimes gas bubbles are trapped in the rock during the cooling process, leaving tiny holes and spaces in the rock.

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Did you know that continents shift at about the same rate as your fingernails grow.https://www.google.com/search?surl=1&q=Continents+shift+at+about+the+same+rate+as+your+fingernails+grow.&safe=strict&rlz=1C1GGRV_enUS752US752&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjot7Tm8YraAhUQEqwKHSIPBRgQ_AUICygC&biw=1366&bih=637#imgrc=y0cEdaHw7HaDtM:

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Emma Duong                           LT 8: The Effects of Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition

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Emma Duong                           LT 8: The Effects of Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition

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Weathering, Erosion and Deposition is prevented by humans.
https://prezi.com/2gajqoauy9ik/weathering-erosion-and-deposition-and-the-impact-of-humans-on-the-surface-of-the-earth/

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1) Ramya Nambala

2) Upward convection currents are related to divergent plates, because heated magma rises and spreads out beneath tectonic plates. Downward convection currents are associated with subduction and convergent plate boundaries, when cooled, less dense rocks sink back towards the mantle

3) Source:
http://openhighschoolcourses.org/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=6645

4) Learning Target: 4

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The Himalayan Mountains and Mount Everest were formed by the convergent boundary of the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.
http://www.ducksters.com/science/earth_science/plate_tectonics.php
LT 14

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The theory of plate tectonics originated from Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift developed in 1912.
https://www.livescience.com/37706-what-is-plate-tectonics.html
Learning Target #1

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The Red Sea formed where the African and Arabian tectonic plates pulled apart. This rift is getting larger and the Red Sea will eventually form an ocean

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India and Asia crashed about 55 million years ago, slowly giving rise to the Himalaya, the highest mountain system on Earth.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/earth/the-dynamic-earth/plate-tectonics/
LT 14: I can still describe how plate tectonics cause major geological events and features.

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I learned that some rocks are not solids such as mud and sand.
http://www.softschools.com/facts/geology/geology_facts/380/

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Called the lithosphere, it includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle. This layer of Earth is made up of multiple plates in which can cause major geological events. When one of these three movements occur to the plate boundaries, it can cause mass destruction. Convergent is the collision of two or more plates, divergent is the separation, and transform is the sideways motion. Japan is a great example of when these movements occur since it is located on the Ring of Fire. Approximately 10% of the world's volcanic activity comes from Japan.

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LT. 1 When the theroy of plate tectonics first arose, Alfred Wegner suggested a theory of continental drift. People agreed with him because the different continents fit together like a puzzle and the fosles of the same specimen were found at the places where they could fit together.

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Plate tectonic theory had its beginnings in 1915 when Alfred Wegener proposed his theory of "continental drift." Wegener proposed that the continents plowed through crust of ocean basins, which would explain why the outlines of many coastlines (like South America and Africa) look like they fit together like a puzzle. Wegener was not the first to notice this puzzle-like fit of the continents (Magellan and other early explorers also noticed this on their maps), but he was one of the first to realize that the Earth's surface has changed through time, and that continents that are separated now may have been joined together at one point in the past.

Paleontologists had also found that there were fossils of similar species found on continents that are now separated by great geographic distance. Paleoclimate studies, which concerns examining the climate in Earth's past, revealed that glaciers covered large areas of the world which also are now separated by great geographic distances. These observations seemed to indicate that the Earth's lithosphere had been moving over geologic time.

Wegener's ideas were very controversial because he didn't have an explanation for why the continents moved, just that there was observational evidence that they had. At the time, many geologists believed that the features of the Earth were the result of the Earth going through cycles of heating and cooling, which causes expansion and contraction of the land masses. People who believed this were called the anti-mobilists. The mobilists were in the opposite camp and supported Wegener's ideas, since many of them had seen evidence for continental motion, especially in the Alps.

Although Wegener's "continental drift" theory was later disproved, it was one of the first times that the idea of crustal movement had been introduced to the scientific community; and it laid the groundwork for the development of modern plate tectonics . As years passed, more and more evidence was uncovered to support the idea that the plates move constantly over geologic time.

Paleomagnetic studies, which examine the Earth's past magnetic field, showed that the magnetic north pole seemingly wandered all over the globe. This meant that either the plates were moving, or else the north pole was. Since the north pole is essentially fixed, except during periods of magnetic reversals, this piece of evidence strongly supports the idea of plate tectonics.

Following World War II, even more evidence was uncovered which supports the theory of plate tectonics. In the 1960's a world-wide array of seismometers were installed to monitor nuclear testing, and these instruments revealed a startling geological phenomenon. It showed that earthquakes, volcanoes, and other active geologic features for the most part aligned along distinct belts around the world, and those belts defined the edges of tectonic plates.

In addition, further paleomagnetic studies revealed a striped pattern of magnetic reversals in the crust of the ocean basins. Basalt contains a fair amount of magnetic minerals called magnetite. When the lava from spreading centers in the oceans forms and cools, these minerals align to the north pole. The Earth has undegone several magnetic reversals in the past, in which the north and south poles are reversed for a period of time. When geologists and geophysicists discovered that the crust in the ocean recorded these reversals, it was even more positive proof that the lithosphere had to be in motion, otherwise there would be no "stripes" of normal and reversed polarity crust.

These were some of the final pieces of the puzzle that led to the development of modern plate tectonic theory. Since its emergence in the 1960's, plate tectonic theory has gained wide-spread acceptance as the model of Earth processes.

Structure of the Earth History of plate tectonics Plates Plate boundaries Forces in the Earth Faults Hypercard Resources

Plate tectonics Activities
Last modified on 8/13/98 by Maggi Glasscoe (scignedu@jpl.nasa.gov)

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Plate tectonic theory had its beginnings in 1915 when Alfred Wegener proposed his theory of "continental drift." Wegener proposed that the continents plowed through crust of ocean basins, which would explain why the outlines of many coastlines (like South America and Africa) look like they fit together like a puzzle.

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There is a total of ____ tectonic plates.  These plates are the Pacific Plate, the North American Plate, the Eurasian Plate,  and the African Plate.

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Mt. Rushmore is made out of a big igneous rock.

source:http://www.softschools.com/facts/geology/geology_facts/380/

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LT: 12
Magma that cools under the Earth’s surface into solid rock does so very slowly giving it a course texture. These kinds of rocks are called Intrusive.

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Humans use rocks for many different things - in particular, roofing and building materials. Is it possible to run out of rocks? Although we should always use natural resources carefully, it's not likely that we'll run out of rocks anytime soon.

Rocks go through a continuous cycle of change. Igneous rocks are made when lava or magma from a volcano hardens into rock. When the rock is exposed to air, erosion begins. Almost immediately, wind and rain weather the rocks and cause them to erode into sediment.

The sediment becomes sedimentary rock. This rock is often buried beneath the Earth's surface, where it may become metamorphic rock. If the metamorphic rock is near magma, it may melt to become igneous rock. The entire process is known as the rock cycle.

Fun Facts about Rock Cycle for Kids

Magma that cools under the Earth's surface into solid rock does so very, very slowly giving it a course texture. These kinds of rocks are called intrusive.

Liquid rock that cools rapidly after exposure to the Earth's atmosphere are fine-grained and called extrusive. Obsidian is an example of this type of rock.

Whatever type of rock something breaks down from it remains, no matter how small it gets. Even a grain of sand is the same class of rock it was as part of a boulder, but once the grains of sand are fused together into a larger mass again it becomes sedimentary.

In a long term battle between rock and water, water will win every time. Water, whether through surface weathering and erosion or within the groundwater, is very effective at breaking down rocks. Water dissolves minerals and carries ions away to be used elsewhere. It also carries sediment to points where it can collect, accumulate and be buried under pressure and changed back into rock.

Most liquid rock that makes it to the surface is generally the least dense magma in the area.

Magma that swells up to the ocean floor is effectively working both ends of the rock cycle. The magma will cool creating a new hard rock, usually basalt. During that process the heat that is leaving the rock warms the seawater and as the warmed seawater circulates through crevices starting the breaking down and metamorphism of that rock into sediment.

Rock Cycle Vocabulary

1. Lava: liquid rock at or above the Earth's surface

2. Magma: liquid rock below the Earth's surface

3. Erosion: the process of wearing away rocks

4. Sediment: particles of eroded rock or plant and animal debris

Learn More All about Rock Cycle

Here's a great video for kids all about rock cycle:

An animated cut-out that explain how rock cycle works.

Rock Cycle Q&A

Question: How hot are rocks heated when they are changed?

Answer: Rocks are heated to temperatures of 1200 degrees Fahrenheit or higher.

Enjoyed the Earth Science for Kids all about Rock Cycle info? Take the FREE & fun all about Rock Cycle quiz and download FREE all about Rock Cycle worksheet for kids. For lengthy info click here.

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Humans use rocks for many different things - in particular, roofing and building materials. Is it possible to run out of rocks? Although we should always use natural resources carefully, it's not likely that we'll run out of rocks anytime soon. Rocks go through a continuous cycle of change.

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LT: 12
Mags that cools under the Earth’s surface into solid rock does so very slowly giving it a course texture. These rocks are called intrusive.
http://www.ducksters.com/science/rocks.php