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During the Middle Ages to the Early Modern Era, thousands of women and sometimes men were accused of using witchcraft.

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Plants and herbs were often obtained from native land or by purchasing plants from merchants. Some of the common plants used wreathe anise seed, foxglove, plantain, St. John's wort and ragwort. Many of the plants used had an assigned role that was used strictly for magic. An example is Rowan. Rowan was said to have the power to hinder with the evil eye.

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Occasionally, a healers ability came from a magical stone that they owned. The stone may be given by a fairy or randomly found. When a healer lost their stone they would no longer have any magical abilities. Stone dust was also an option to add into a potion or medicine.

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Often witches were tortured to get them to confess about their abilities. The most common type of torture was sleep deprivation. It was the most effective way to get the witches to confess as it also lead to hallucinations.

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According to some data,
7% were aged under 20
8% were between 20 and 30
22% were between 30 and 40
22% were between 40 and 50
31% were between 50 and 60
7% were between 60 and 70
4% were over 70

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An estimated of 4000 to 6000 witchcraft trials took place in Scotland during this era. Most of the trials took place in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.

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Majority of the time there was no solid evidence to prove the victim was a witch. Some evidence that was accepted included "Witch Marks" which were found on their skin.

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Not all of the witches held back intentions. Some of them were just healers or midwives. Some had magic referred to as white magic.

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The last witch that was put on trial and executed was Janet Horne in 1727. Janet was tarred, placed in a barrel, and than burnt.

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When King James the sixth became King James the First of England, he began to speculate that he was a victim of witchcraft. This all began after his trip to Denmark where he witnessed witch hunters.

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Scotland was noted to be the biggest persecutor of witches. By the 17th to 18th century, 4000 people were sentenced to death for being accused of witches. Most of the witches were strangled followed by their dead body being burned. By the end of the 17th century witches were no longer burned by hung. The last hanging of a witch occurred in 1728.