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LIFE - From Unicellular to Multicellular Organisms

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Cells are the building blocks of life. Dynamic Changes in Nucleus ↔ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlOZlWm8BOY

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All my notes on the human body are handed in as linear notes on paper. If required, please feel free to ask, and I'll be glad to provide them as evidence!

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The Nervous System, Part 1: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #8

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Immune System, Part 1: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #45

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THE PARTS OF A CELL SONG | Science Music Video

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Keeps out extra water scrounging to get in

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Extra Information for extra guidance

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Diffusion and osmosis | Membranes and transport | Biology | Khan Academy

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Turgor pressure is when there is too many water molecules crowded up against the vacuole and the cytoplasm, moving toward the cell wall. This pressure is called 'Turgor Pressure'. When there is too much water filling up, the cell wall prevents the cell from exploding by prohibiting more water to enter the cell.

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Diffusion is one of the ways that substances move into and out of cells. Diffusion continues until the concentration of the substance is the same inside and outside the cell.

- BC Science Probe Textbook (pg 24)

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Biology: Cell Structure I Nucleus Medical Media

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Organelles in the Cytoplasm (The Working Area of the Cell)

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Organelles in the Cytoplasm (The Working Area of the Cell)

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1. Mitochondria = Produces energy for both plant + animal cells, combining sugar + oxygen molecules through a process called cellular respiration, creating energy, looks circular/ rod shaped, biggest organelle
2. Ribosomes = Produces protein for both plant + animal cells, by copying information from the nucleus and other molecules from the cytoplasm, which is then used for cell-growth, repair and reproduction
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum = transports materials through the cytoplasm, while one has lots of ribosomes attached (rough), others are where lipids (fats) are made and so have less (smooth)
4. Golgi-Apparatus = stores proteins by putting them into packages called vesicles, into it's shape that looks similar to a stack of flat balloons; the vesicles then carry the proteins up to the surface of the cell, where they are released
5. Lysosomes = is a Golgi- Apparatus created organelle in which is in charge of patrolling and cleaning the cytoplasm. They are armed with special proteins that break down large molecules to a smaller size, to be then used by the cell- they also get rid of harmful bacteria + other invaders

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1. Nucleus = the control centre of the cell, directs all of cell's activities (prokaryotic= doesn't have a nucleus)- the nucleus is surrounded by a fatty mo. layer called the membrane
2. Chromosomes = found inside the nucleus, containing DNA information and genetic information; this information is duplicated then, and sent to other identical cells
3. Cell Membrane = Controls the amount of nutrients coming in out of the cell- dubbed the 'gatekeeper' based off of it's work
4. Cytoplasm = Watery fluid that holds everything inside/ outside of the cell in proper place= stores water and waste when needed, and can transport materials from cell to cell quickly
5. Vacuole =  used to store water and nutrients, such as sugar and minerals;  also used to store waste and to move waste and excess water out of the cell
6. Flagellum = The flagellum is the tail that works like a whip to move; it is not always attached to cells
7. Cilia = The cilia is the tiny hair-like materials stuck on the cell's surface to move the fluids around the cell

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1. (follow above for information on the plant cell's nucleus, chromosome, cell membrane. cytoplasm, vacuole)
2. Chloroplast = Is the place where food is made for the plant cell- it is filled with many molecules of a green chemical called chlorophyll, in which creates food from the sun
3. The Cell Wall = keeps out and protects unneeded materials; however, water, gases, and some minerals can enter through small pores
4. Vacuole = the same as animal cells but is much larger to hold unneeded water

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This is the theory in which explains that all living things are made of cells- scientists and doctors of any kind study cells to help them understand how our body or certain things work; the theory is supported by two main ideas

1. All living things are composed of one or more cells

2. All new cells arise only from cells that already exist

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The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called Osmosis.

- BC Science Probe Textbook (pg 25)

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Cell, meaning 'little room' in Latin, was discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke.  It was first found and the founder said that it looked like a small 'cellula', later on saying that...

"By the help of microscopes, there is nothing so small, as to escape our inquiry; hence there is a new visible world discovered to the understanding."

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LIFE - From Unicellular to Multicellular Organisms

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Cells are the building blocks of life. Dynamic Changes in Nucleus ↔ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlOZlWm8BOY

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An image of Latin Physicist, Scientist Robert Hooke

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An image of Latin Physicist, Scientist Robert Hooke

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The cell is the fundamental unit of life; all living things have a cell, or cell(s). Without it, existence would be plainly impossible- although it is small in looks, it is not small in value. There are two types of cells that can be ultimately found through all different organisms, the prokaryotic cells, that don't have a nucleus, is made for unicellular organisms, while the eukaryotic (you-karyotic) cell is for plants and animals who have over a hundred trillion cells. Each different cell has a different job to do, which only increases our body's complexity.

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Unicellular organisms perform the same basic functions that multicellular organisms are also available to perform

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1. All living things have cells, as per established
2. All living things reproduce, grow and repair themselves= cells do this by splitting into two
3. All living things require energy= plants get this from the sun, and animals get them from eating each other, or the plants.
4. All living things respond to their environments or to each other
5. All living things have a lifespan
6. All living things produce waste, though differing