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Perception of virtual elements through some mediating technology and perfectly integrate them with the physical ones (Menes, 108).

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The most popular mediating technology is the head-mounted display. However, augmented reality is used on cellular devices, tablets, and even desk-top computers.

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Learning across multiple contexts, through social and content interactions, using personal electronic devices (Drigas, 18).

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The Mobile Augmented Reality System is Columbia University’s mobile app allows students to see representations of historic buildings at their original locations.

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This application allows groups of 5 students to carry out missions by thinking like a lion. Each student requires a handheld computer with headphones, Wi-Fi, and GPS receiver (Drigas, 22).

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This project can be used individually or by small groups. Students are able to interpret geographical features of rural landscapes (Drigas, 23).

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effective in regards to following learning objectives, efficient in obtaining it or planning its use, and satisfactory for the students.

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When chosen correctly, mediating technology can... 

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When chosen correctly, mediating technology can... 

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1. Increase problem-solving skills

2. Increase collaboration skills

3. Attract and maintain attention

4. Encourage active teamwork

5. Encourage civic engagement

(Drigas, 19).

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Drigas, A.S. & Angelidakis, P. (2017). Mobile applications within education: an overview of application paradigms in specific categories. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 11(4), 17-29.

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Gun, E.T. & Atasoy, B. (2017). The effects of augmented reality on elementary students’ spatial ability and academic achievement. Education & Science, 42(191), 31-51.

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Menezes, P. (2017). An augmented reality u-academy module: From basic principles to connected subjects. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 11(5), 105-117.

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1. Is there a significant difference between pre-tests and post-tests spatial ability scores of the students that used AR?

2. For the students that did not use AR?

3. Do post-tests spatial ability scores vary significantly between the AR group and non-AR group?

4. Is there a significant difference between pre-tests and post-tests academic achievement of the students that used AR?

5. For the students that did not use AR?

6. Do post-tests academic achievement scores vary significantly between the AR group and non-AR group?

7. What are the students’ opinions on the use of AR in this educational environment?

8. Teachers' opinions?

(Gun, 34)

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Two 6th grade classes used augmented reality.

Two 6th grade classes used 3D models.

The unit was 4 weeks long.

All classes were taught by the same teacher.

(Gun, 35)

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Q1 & Q2: There was a significant difference between pre- and post-tests for both AR and 3D students.

Q4: There was no significant difference for post-test spatial ability scores between AR and 3D groups.

Q5: There was a significant difference between pre- and post-tests for AR students.

Q6: There was no significant differecence between pre- and post-tests for 3D students.

Q7 & Q8: Generally, both students and the teacher had positive things to say about using AR in this particular environment. Students enjoyed the AR application and working with a partner. The teacher mentioned that the AR application saved time.

(Gun, 40-44)

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Using AR and 3D models significantly helped develop spatial abilities. However, AR is not exactly better than 3D models regarding the development of spatial abilities.

AR significantly increased academic achievement and 3D models did not. Although post-test scores did not vary significantly between AR and 3D students, AR slightly positively affected academic achievement.

(Gun, 45-46)

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Evidently, the AR application was developed in a way that was directly tied to the content and slightly increased academic achievement, therefore effective. The students were curious and excited to use it so it was satisfactory. The teacher agreed that it was efficient and the students learned to use it in a timely manner. I would definitely use this AR application is my classroom.