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The idea that came from Nicolaus Copernicus. It explained movement of the sun, moon and planets. The heliocentric theory is the idea that the sun is at the center of the universe and the planets revolve around it.

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An idea that came from Aristotle in the fourth century B.C, that the earth was at the center of the universe and all of the planets orbited it.

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0:00 / 1:34•Watch full video

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Astronomy Part 8: Geocentric vs. Heliocentric Models

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A logical method of solving or discovering ideas. It starts with observing an asking a question, then making a hypothesis, experimenting, and making a conclusion.

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A new way of thinking about the natural world in the 1500s, where philosophers preferred evidence and reason over faith and religion.

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One Day, Issac Newton was sitting under a tree, at his mothers garden. Then, all of the sudden an apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head. He realized that there had to be a force acting on the apple to pull it down. He was in the same garden when he had another thought, what if the same force pulling on the apple acted on objects much bigger and farther from earth's surface.

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An astronomer who was very interested in the Greek idea that the planets revolved around the sun. After he studied and observed astronomy for 25 years, he finally made a conclusion that the heliocentric theory made more sense than the geocentric theory, and explain the movement of the sun moon and plants. However fearing ridicule, Copernicus's findings were not published until after his death, and still the there was controversy.

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An English Scientist who discovered the Universal Law of Gravitation. He discovered that gravity is the same force that can make an apple fall from a tree, and a planet stay in orbit. He also discovered the three laws of motion.

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Queen – Bohemian Rhapsody (Official Video Remastered)

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An Italian Scientists who created new theories about astronomy, and improved the telescope. He observed that Jupiter had spots on it's moons and earth had an uneven surface. However these observations were not accepted by the church, who thought the planets were pure. If people believed that the church could be wrong that about this, they could be wrong about other ideas and followers would start to question faith. Therefore, he was forced to retract his findings and live the rest of his life under house arrest.

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I did not make the telescope, but I improved it! - Galileo

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ENLIGHTMENT

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                                                                                                                                       GALILEO

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                                                                                                                                       GALILEO

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                                                                                                                           SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

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                                                                                                                           SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

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Discovered by Isaac Newton, which states two objects attract to each other at a rate proportional to the product of their masses and their distance from each other

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Expanded Aristotle's theory that the earth was at the center of the universe.

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A mathematician who discovered mathematical laws to prove that the planets did move in elliptical paths around the sun, and proved that Copernicus's basic ideas were correct.

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                                                                                                                           ISAAC NEWTON

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                                                                                                                           ISAAC NEWTON

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Newton's Law of Gravity TEDed Inspired Video

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NEWTON'S LAWS OF MOTION SONG (Parody of DNCE - Cake By The Ocean)

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An agreement between society and government. If people gave the right to rule to a higher power, they in turned received law and order

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A period of time in the 1600s that followed the scientific revolution, that changed the way people think of society and its government.

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Do We Need Government? (The Social Contract) – 8-Bit Philosophy

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Thomas Hobbes was convinced that all humans were wicked and evil because of the horrors of England divil war. He believed that people needed a strong ruler to command obedience and keep order. If there was no government, man would be at war with every man. He came up with the social contract, that people allow to be governed and receive protection in return. He also Believed that the government should be a monarchy.

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John Locke had faith in society, and a more positive view. He believed that people could improve with experience and had the right to be free and self govern themselves. He said that all people had three rights, life, liberty and property. The point of government was to protect these rights, but if it did not people should overthrow it.

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" The state of nature is a war, all against all."

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No government

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Voltiar is a pen name for François Marie Arouet. He was a philosopher who believed and fought for the freedom of speech. He wrote over 70 books, and was sent to jail twice.

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"I do not agree with what you are saing, but I will fight for your right to say it."

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                                                                                                                            Voltair

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                                                                                                                            Voltair

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                                                                                                                                    Montesquieu

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                                                                                                                                    Montesquieu

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Baron de Montesquieu was a french writer who devoted his life to the study of political liberty. He believed that Britain had the best government and most politically balanced of his time. In his book, On the spirit of laws, he explained how the separation of power kept one person from gaining too much power. This concept would later be known as checks and balances, as known in the United States Constitution.

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"Power, should be a check to power"

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Makes laws

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Enforces Laws

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Jean Jacques Rousseau was a philosopher against civilization because he believed it corrupted the natural goodness of humans. He was passionate and believed in individual rights and freedom. He believed the only good society was that generally guided by society, a direct democracy. Rousseau was an inspiration during the French revolution when the French leaders overthrew the monarchy.

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“Man is born free, and every- where he is in chains,” he wrote.

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Mary Wollstonecraft was an English writer who believed in women's rights. She believed that a women's education should not come secondary to men, and that women should be able to enter male fields of occupation.

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published A Vindication of the Rights of Woman  in 1792.

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The French word for philosopher. An  intellectual, deeper thinker, or social critic in the 18th century. For example, Rousseau , Diderot or voltair.

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1. Reason
2.Nature
3.Happiness
4. Progress
5. Liberty

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Galileo's claims were not accepted by the church until 1992

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Galileo's claims were not accepted by the church until 1992

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Mary Wollstonecraft, Writer and Philosopher | Biography