# data[].attributes.body
1.What is theory
2.What is a molecule
3.What is active transport
4.What is sexual reproduction
5.What is Adenine
6.What is a vacine
7.What is fitness
8.What is xylem
9.What is a Autotroph
10.What is carrying capacity
11.What is an antibody
12.What is photosynthesis
13.What is a food web
14.What is immigration
15.What is phloem
16.What is a cladogram
17.What is taxonomy
18.What is a dependent variable
19.What is the independent variable
20.What is a hypothesis

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1an idea  supported heavily by evidence
2 A particle made of several atoms of different kinds
3 Transport that requires energy
4 reproduction involving 2 parents
5 A nitrogen base
6 A injection used to prevent disease
7 How suited an organism to its environment
8 Tubes that carry water up a plant
9 organisms that produce their food trough photosynthesis
10 The maximum amount of an organism in an ecosystem
11 A defense of the body use to fend off pathogens
12 A way of making food using sunlight
13 A map of energy transfer in an ecosystem
14 When an organism move to a new area
15 Tubes in plants that transfer materials
16 A branching diagram that shows claudistic relationships
17 The study of classifying organisms
18 The variable that changes based on the independent variable
19 The variable that is changed
20 An educated guess based on research

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1. Scientific Processes
2. Cell Structure + Function
3. Cell Transport + Water Properties
4. Mitosis + Meiosis
5. DNA + Protein Synthesis
6. Genetics + Biotechnology
7. Evolution
8. Plants
9. Matter + Energy
10. Ecology
11. Human Body Systems
12. Questions + Answers

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Science: The study of understanding the natural world and the universe.
Replication: The repeated testing of an experiment to confirm observations.
Observation: Viewing something to gain information.
Hypothesis: A guess based on evidence that can be proven or disprove.
Theory: An idea  supported heavily by evidence.
Independent Variable: Variable that is changed in the experiment.
Dependent variable: Variable that changes based on other variables.
Control Group: A group that is unchanged.
Inference: A guess based on what you know.
Law: An idea that describes the universe that is supported by evidence.

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Molecule: Several atoms bonded together.
Nucleic Acid: A compound in DNA and RNA.
Protein: An organic compound made up of several amino acids.
Lipid: An organic compound that makes up fatty acids.
Carbohydrate: Natural compounds often found in food.
Element: An atom that is not connected to another element.
Amino Acids: Make proteins for cells.
Fatty Acid: An acid that makes up lipids.
Monomer: A basic organic material
Polymer: A molecule made up of several monomers.

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Cohesion: The sticking of particles of the same material
Adhesion: The sticking of different materials
Polar Molecules: Molecules that have charge distributed unevenly.
Passive Transport: The movement of substances across the plasma membrane without the use of energy.
Diffusion: The movement of substances across the plasma membrane from high to low concentrations.
Active Transport: The movement of substances across the plasma membrane that uses energy.
Exocytosis: Large particles moving out of the cell.
Osmosis: the diffusion of water through the plasma membrane.
Homeostasis: A state of equilibrium
Endocytosis: Large particles are moved into the cell

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Homologous Chromosomes: Two of the same Chromosome.
Gamete: The sex cells used  for fertilizing.
Haploid: A cell with half of the regular genetic information found in cells.
Fertilization: When an egg and sperm cell come together.
Sexual Reproduction: A process where 2 parents mix genes to produce an offspring.
Mutation: A change in genetic information.
Meiosis: When celld make haploid cells.
Genes: The genetic code for genes.
Crossing Over: The randomization of genes.
Recombination: The rearranging of genetic information.

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Phosphate: Part of DNA between base pairs.
Replication: The copying of DNA.
Double Helix: The double spiral shape DNA has.
Adenine: One of the nitrogen bases.
Guanine: One of the nitrogen bases.
Thymine: One of the nitrogen bases.
Cytosine: One of the nitrogen bases.
Complementary Bases: The bases that connect with one other.
Nucleic Acid: Tip of DNA.
Hydrogen Bond: The bonds hydrogen atoms.

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Biotechnology- the manipulation of organisms to produce a desired result.
Vaccines- An injection used to prevent diseases.
Cloning: Copying DNA and using it to make an identical organism.
Nonspecific Immune Response- The first line of defence against invaiders.
Specific Immune Response- A part of the immune system that creates specific antibodys to deal with threats.
Antibody- a protein made by the body to protect against invaders.
Antigen- Proteins used for recognition within the immune system.
Antibiotics- THings that kill bacteria.
Immune System- The body's defense against things that may try to hurt it.
Genetic Engineering- the process of adding DNA to an organism.

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Evolution: The change in a species over time and generations.
Derived Trait: A recent mutation in an organisms gene.
Ancestral Trait: A mutation from many generations ago.
Homologous Structure: Similar body structures that suggest a common ancestor.
Analogous Structure: Structures that have the same function but different origins.
Vestigial Structure: Body parts that are left from ancestors that are not used anymore.
Classification: The organisation of species.
Cladogram: A branching diagram that shows claudistic relationships.
Taxonomy: The study of classifying organisms.
Fitness- How well an organism is suited for its environment.

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Stamen- Male part of the flower.
Anther- Part of the stamen that has pollen.
Style- A slender peice of the pistil inbetween the stigma and the ovary.
Carpel- Reproductive organ that contains the stigma, ovary,  and style.
Ovary- Protects ovules and seeds.
Ovule-Part of the ovary that contains the female gametophyte.
Cuticle- A waxy coating on thhe stem and leaves.
Sepal- A green thing that protects the flower while developing.
Xylem: Tubes that transport water up the plant.
Phloem: The tubes neutrients are transported in.

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Heterotroph- Gets food by consuming other organism.
Autotroph- Use photosynthesis to produce food.
Consumer- Eats other organisms for food.
Carnivore- Animal that eat other animals.
Herbivore- Animal that eat plants.
Producer- An organism that makes its own food.
Omnivore: An organism that eats both plants and animals.
Detrivore: An organism that only eats dead organisms.
Food Chain: One part of a food web.
Food Web: A map of energy transfer within an ecosystem.

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Greenhouse Effect: Build up of grean house gasses and the effects they have.
Density Dependent Factors: Factor that are dependent on population density.
Density Independent Factors: Factor that are not dependent on population size.
Immigration: Organisms that enter a new location.
Emmigration: Organisms leaving a location.
Carrying Capacity: The maximum amount of a species a habitat can support.
Invasive Species: A species that immigrats to a new area and has few or no predators.
Sustainability: The ability to maintain something.
Biodiversity: The biological diversity of an area.
Population Density: The number of a population in an area.

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Morula: Cells formed from ovulation.
Capillary: Distributes oxygen to cells.
Hypertension: High blood pressure.
Atherosclerosis: Arerys blocked by fats.
.Pathogen: An invader that can cause disease
Gastrulation: Early phase of embriodic development.
Hemoglobin: part of blood that binds to oxygen.
Lymphage: A kind of white blood cells.
Veins: MOves blood around the body.
Antibody: The immune systems defence against invaders.

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The scientific process is the way scientists learn about the universe and test idea. The scientific method involves a few steps, these include: question, research, hypothesis, experiment, collect data, analysis, repetition, publishing, and replication. Question is when you form a question that you want answered. Research is where you collect knowledge to help you answer your question. Hypothesis is when you make a testable idea about your question. The experiment is when you put your hypothesis to the test. Collecting data is when you collect data from your experiment. Analysis is when you look at the data collected and determine what it means. Repetition is when you repeat your experiment to make sure data is valid. Publishing is when you make the test available to the public and share what you learned. Replication is when someone else does your experiment to confirm your results.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVfI1wat2y8 this is a helpful video that can help you understand the topic
https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/science-fair/steps-of-the-scientific-method
This link will take you to a website that can provide more information on the topic.

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Q.What is the scientific method.
A. A type of cell
B. Common ancestor
C. A Method used to understand the cell
D. A method used to understand the universe.
Answer D

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In a cell parts works together to make a whole unit. DNA and RNA is the code cells  use and read. The DNA stores information on how to make proteins and how to replicate itself. Proteins instruct cells on what to do. Proteins are made of amino acids. Amino acids are made in the ribosomes. Ribosomes are an organelle that does a lot of different tasks in the cell. The Nucleus is another organelle that protects DNA inside of itself. The mitochondria is the power house of the cell and makes the energy that the cell uses. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zafJKbMPA8 This is a fun video that can help you understand the topic.
https://biology.tutorvista.com/cell/cell-structure.html
This is a website that can help you understand the subject.

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Q.What is DNA
A. A flavor of ice cream
B. An organelle
C. A band
D. A method that cells use to store information
Answer D

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The 2 types of cell transport are active and passive transport.Passive goes down the concentration gradient and doesnt use power. Active uses energy and fights against the concentration gradient. Diffusion and osmosis are types of passive transport. Endocytosis and exocytosis are types of active transport.When a cell shrivels from lack of water it is hypertonic. When a cell expands from too much water it is hypotonic.When equallibrium is maintained the cell is isotonic.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ptmlvtei8hw this is a helpful video.
https://www.ck12.org/biology/cell-transport/lesson/Cell-Transport-Advanced-BIO-ADV/
This is a helpful website

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Q. What is passive transport
A. A type of car
B. Transport that doesn't require energy
C. Transport that requires energy
Answer B

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There are 2 types of reproduction, sexual and asexual. Asexual is where only one parent is involved. Sexual is when 2 parents are involved. Mitosis is how cells copy themselves. Meiosis is how sex cells are made. The cell that is copied is the parent cell while the copy is as daughter cell. Both processes are very similar however there are a few differences between the two and meiosis has several more steps.There are 5 phases of mitosis Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.https://www2.le.ac.uk/projects/vgec/highereducation/topics/cellcycle-mitosis-meiosis
This is a helpful website for more information
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0k-enzoeOM
This is a helpful video on the subject

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What is asexual reproduction
A. Reproduction with 2 organisms
B. Reproduction with 1 organism
Answer B

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DNA is an important part of life. It stores all the information for a cell. It does this by making proteins. DNA is made of deoxyribose, phosphate, and a nitrogen base. Their are four nitrogen bases; thymine, cytosine, adenine, and guanine. These bases have complementary bases that they match with. Thymine matches with Adenine. Cytosine matches with Guanine. The bases are held together with a hydrogen bond which makes it easy to separate and  copy.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oefAI2x2CQM Video
https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/translation-dna-to-mrna-to-protein-393 Website

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Which base pairs with Adenine
A. Thymine
B. Cytosine
C. Guanine
Answer A

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Genetics determine certain traits about an individual.  Theses traits can be anything from hair color to medical problems. Genetics are determined by the parent(s) of an offspring. A tool often used to see the chances of any given trait is a punnet square. A punnetsquare shows all possible out comes given the offspring's parents genetics. Biotechnology is the manipulation of organisms to get a desired outcome. Some examples of biotechnology include phage therapy which can help treat diseases. Another example is genetically changing an organism such as a sheep that can produce spider silk.
https://cbhd.org/content/genetics-biotechnology-and-future Website
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAhjPd4uNFY This is a really interesting video on some aspects of biotechnology

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What is a punnet square
A. A device used to understand mitosis
B. A method used to determine the possible traits of an offspring
Answer B

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Evolution is the theory that states that organisms changed over generations through natural selection. Natural selection is determined by which organism has the highest fitness. Fitness in this sense meaning how well suited an organism is for its environment. Evolution occurs when an adaptation allows an organism to pass on its genes to offspring and this process continues and organisms change and gain and loose adaptations. Adaptations are traits that allow organisms to have a higher fitness which allows them to live longer and have more offspring.
https://www.livescience.com/474-controversy-evolution-works.html Website
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOfRN0KihOU This is a great video that can help you understand evolution.

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What is an adaptation
A. A trait
B. A beneficial trait
Answer B

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Plants are important parts of our ecosystem. They preform photosynthesis which produces food for the plant  in the form of sugar. The sugars are broken down into energy through cellular respiration. Plants get water through their roots. The leave's stomata controls gas exchange.  Plants reproduce through the use of pollen and a pistal and stamen. Most plants are both male and female.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExaQ8shhkw8 Video
https://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookPLANTANAT.html Website

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What part of the plant controls gas exchange
A. stomata
B. Roots
C. flower
Answer A

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Matter and energy in biology refers to the transfer of energy through trophic levels. Trophic levels are different energy levels each containing different amounts of energy.  At the bottom there are producers who make there own food. Next we have primary consumers which are organisms that consume producers for food. One level up we find secondary consumers who consume primary consumers for there energy. The trophic levels keep going up in the same patterns. Each trophic level up has only 10% of the energy of the one prior. For instance Producers have 100% while primary consumers only have 10%. At the very top of the trophic levels we have the organisms that aren't consumed by any other organism these are known as top carnivores.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6ubvEJ3KGM Video
https://www.britannica.com/science/trophic-level Website

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What percentage of the original energy do secondary consumers have.
A. 100%
B. 10%
C. 1%
D. .1%
Answer C

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Population density is the density of organisms in a given area. Population density can be affected by many factors. Emigration is when an organism leaves an area. Immigration is when an organism goes to a new area Imigration can be problematic as it can introduce invasive species to the environment. Invasive species can harm the population already there.  Population dependent factors effect populations depending on there density. Population independent factors don't change based of population density.
http://environment-ecology.com/what-is-ecology/205-what-is-ecology.html Website
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=izRvPaAWgyw Video

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What is emigration
A. Organisms going to a new area
B. Organisms leaving an area
Answer B

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Blood is an important part of the body that transports things throughout the body. Blood can transfer oxygen due to hemoglobin. Blood is transported through blood vessels. Their are three kinds of blood vessels veins, arteries,  and capillaries. The vessels transport crucial components for life. If a vessel gets clogged it can lead to death in the form of a heart attack. Pathogens which are harmful invaders to the body can be transported by the vessels. Antibody can kill the pathogen invader to help protect the body from illness.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Zp6qPIJsAo Video
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-the-human-body-systems.html Website

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What is a pathogen
A. Something that kills harmful invaders
B. A harmful invader
C. A part of the nervous system.
Answer B