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1. He translated the entire New Testament from Greek to German in just 11 weeks
2. Luther's protector, Frederick the Wise, ordered a group of knights to "kidnap" and hide him until the Catholic church had calmed down.
3. He wrote the 95 Theses.

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1. In 1667 he became the personal physician of Anthony Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury and when he persuaded the earl to undergo a dangerous operation that saved his life his reputation as a physician was greatly enhanced.
2. Shaftesbury was the founder of the Whig movement and had a great influence on Locke's political ideas and future.
3. Locke wrote Two Treatises of Government which were an argument against absolute monarchy and argued for consent of the governed as the basis of political legitimacy.

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1. His major work, "Leviathan, " published in 1651, expressed his principle of materialism and his concept of a social contract forming the basis of society.
2.  He was fascinated by the problem of sense perception, and he extended Galileo's mechanical physics into an explanation of human cognition.
3. Hobbes explains the connection between nature, man, and society through the law of inertia.

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1. He would give lectures on anatomy throughout England for a period of seven years
2. While serving at St Bartholomew's and as Lumleian lecturer he became Physician Extraordinary to King James I in 1618.
3. In 1628 he published De Motu Cordis (On the Motion of the Heart and Blood) which described blood circulation.

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1. He developed sundials which was very accurate.
2. Newton worked on diffraction of light, universal gravitation, centrifugal force, centripetal force, and the effects and characteristics of bodies in motion
3.  Newton played a significant role in recovering Britain from financial crises in the 17th century.

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1. The most important of Galileo’s inventions is the telescope.
2. In 1610, Galileo was the first astronomer to discover the four moons of Jupiter.
3.  He is dubbed “the father of observational astronomy,” “the father of modern physics” and “the father of modern science.”

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1. Called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the last monarch of the House of Tudor.
2. In 1554, Elizabeth was tried and imprisoned on suspicion of abetting Wyatt’s Rebellion, an uprising against Queen Mary I that many believed to be motivated by the quest for Protestant liberation.
3. She was compared to Venus, Astraea, and the Greek deity Diana, all in an effort to espouse connotations of divinity and purity.

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1. Henry was the second Tudor monarch, succeeding his father, Henry VII
2. Henry is best known for his six marriages, in particular his efforts to have his first marriage, to Catherine of Aragon, annulled.
3. To thank Henry — who was the first English king to write and publish a book — the Pope named him “Defender of the Faith.”

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1. Founder of Calvinism
2. In 1555, he was given absolute supremacy as leader in Geneva.
3.  Calvin was known for an intellectual, unemotional approach to faith that provided Protestantism's theological underpinnings.

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1. He is best known for his laws of planetary motion.
2. Kepler’s work on planetary motion helped Isaac Newton later devise his own theory of universal gravitation.
3. NASA honored Kepler by naming a mission after him. Launched on March 6 2009, the Kepler Mission involves a high-tech space telescope that will search for other Earth-like planets.

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1.He identified the fact that the sun, rather than our earth, was the center of our universe.
2. Nicolaus Copernicus passed the canon law exam on the first try.
3. It is believed that Nicolaus Copernicus could speak Latin, German, Polish, Greek and Italian.

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1. Charles V was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506.
2. He stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556.
3. He defeated the candidacies of Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, Francis I of France, and Henry VIII of England.