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The study of human body measurements on a comparative basis is known as anthropometrics. Its applicability to the design process is seen in the physical fit, or interface, between the human body and the various components of interior space.Human Dimension and Interior Space is the first major anthropometrically based reference book of design standards for use by all those involved with the physical planning and detailing of interiors, including interior designers, architects, furniture designers, builders, industrial designers, and students of design.

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The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery

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ABSTRACT

Four experimental axillary crutches, along with conventional crutches, were tested by five disabled subjects and five normal subjects, with knees flexible and with knees immobilized to simulate paraplegic conditions. Experimental crutches included a suspension crutch, rocker crutch, spring crutch and prosthetic foot crutch. Active and resting heart rates were recorded, along with average velocity to calculate an energy expenditure index for each trial. No statistically significant energy savings were observed with the experimental designs. However, the suspension crutch was the most energy-efficient of the experimental crutches and is worth exploring further. In addition, immobilizing the knees of normal subjects is judged to be an effective method of simulating paraplegic crutch ambulation.

© 1993 American Academy of Orthotists & Prosthetists

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A Quantitative Comparison of Four Experimental Axillary... : JPO: Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics

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ing crutch and prosthetic foot crutch. Active and resting heart rates were recorded, along with average velocity to calculate an energy expenditure index for each trial. No statistically significant energy savings were observed with the experimental designs. However, the suspension crutch was the most energy-efficient of the experimental crutches and is worth exploring further.

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COMPARISON OF AXILLARY, ELBOW AND CANADIAN CRUTCHES | Rheumatology | Oxford Academic

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Crutches can be used by patients with injuries to the lower extremities in order to perform 'swing-through' gait. Because axillary crutches have been associated with axillary artery thrombosis and crutch palsy, they have to a large extent been superseded by elbow crutches.

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Leg amputees who can't use prostheses and patients with arthritis are often dependent on crutches. Their chronic use can exert significant friction forces. The palmar skin will respond by forming a hyperkeratotic callus. We report for the first time unilateral palmar callus formation caused by friction from using crutches. Another possible adverse effect is the triggering of irritant contact dermatitis by the handholes of crutches. We report two cases with hand dermatitis due to the chronic dependence on crutches and discuss treatment options.

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Unilateral Palmar Callus and Irritant Hand Eczema - Underreported Signs of Dependency on Crutches.

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Abstract: Leg amputees who can't use prostheses and patients with arthritis are often dependent on crutches. Their chronic use can exert significant...

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REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES WITH BRACES AND CRUTCHES: IV.... : American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation

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An abstract is unavailable. This article is available as a PDF only.

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US5282486A - Crutch with power lift and foot and method of using same - Google Patents

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A novel form of crutch is provided which can be used, particularly by paraplegics, to move between sitting and standing positions. The crutch includes a unique foot mechanism which gives added stability to the user of a pair of the crutches during such sitting/standing transitions, and which can be retracted so as to avoid interference with normal crutch-aided walking.

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US4787405A - Convertible crutch - Google Patents

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A convertible crutch is disclosed having a generally L-shaped upper support section to a generally S-shaped central support section connected, in turn, to a substantially straight lower support portion. The connection mechanism between the upper support section and the central support section can be utilized to connect the upper support section to the lower support section and convert the crutch to a cane when the central support section is removed.

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US5954074A - Universal adjustable walking crutch and/or cane - Google Patents

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This disclosure relates to combination adjustable crutches and/or canes that can be converted from a crutch to a cane or vice versa. The present invention includes a main single support shaft made of lightweight-ridged square tubing. A unique handle that clamps onto said square support shaft.

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US4291715A - Foot support crutch - Google Patents

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There is disclosed a lower leg or foot support crutch having a cushion support for engaging the leg below the knee and for transmitting the forces applied through the cushion directly downward to a ground engaging leg. In one embodiment there is shown a dual ground support arrangement having level seeking ability for the leg supports.

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US3901258A - Adapter attachment for crutches, canes and walkers - Google Patents

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An adapter attachment for a crutch, cane or walker having a cylindrical barrel adapted to receive a portion of said crutch, cane or walker and secured thereto. A plunger body is reciprocally positioned within said barrel and normally spaced from an apertured bottom plate with a coiled spring interposed normally retracting said plunger and a spike axially attached thereto and projecting outwardly from said barrel.