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A Holocaust Survivor Recalls The Day He Was Liberated

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The Nazis originally intended for the gas chambers to be used as a means of cleansing their population of disabled people. They later transitioned their gas chambers to be used to execute inmates. Gases including carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and Diesel exhaust fumes were used.

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Auschwitz was the largest Nazi concentration and death camp. Auschwitz was located in southern Poland, it was served as a place where they keep all the political prisoners. They had gas chambers and used them on the Jewish people.

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Dachau, located in Southern Germany, was the first concentration camp opened in Germany. Over the years, the Dachau camp system grew to include over 100 sub-camps. Most of these were work camps and were located throughout Southern Germany and Austria.

“Dachau has been my own lifelong point of no return. Between the moment when I walked through the gate of that prison, with its infamous motto, 'Arbeit Macht Frei,' and when I walked out at the end of a day that had no ordinary scale of hours, I was changed, and how I looked at the human condition, the world we live in, changed ... Years of war had taught me a great deal, but war was nothing like Dachau. Compared to Dachau, war was clean.”
- Martha Gellhorn, Holocost Survivor

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https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007387
https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/auschwitz
http://auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-and-shoah/the-extermination-procedure-in-the-gas-chambers
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/holocaust-index/bergen-belsen-concentration-camp/
http://www.yadvashem.org/holocaust/about/final-solution/death-camps.html

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Located in Northern Germany, Bergen-Belsen served as an exchange camp for prisoners of war and for the Nazi targets. Bergen-Belsen, as it was not an extermination camp, did not have gas chambers. In fact, the camps with gas chambers were located more in the east. However, parts of Bergen-Belsen served as a transport camp to Auschwitz where inmates were gassed. More than 50,000 died at Bergen-Belsen, and the maximum number of prisoners at a single time was 120,000.

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Work Camps:
Before the rise in power of the Nazis, many German citizens believed that forced labor was a productive way of integrating outsiders into the labor force, making them more "accustomed" to social norms and "helping" in developing work ethic. The Nazi regimen claimed that the use of compulsory labor to "educate" outsiders and Jews would be helpful to society, helping in garnering support for the formation of the first work camps. Work camps were primarily formed to meet labor shortages in Germany, and prisoners were forced to build SS-commissioned construction projects. Prisoners additionally produced weapons for the German war effort.

After the formation of death camps, work camps provided an alternative to immediate death. Men capable of work would typically be sent to death camps, while women and children would be directly sent to death camps. Prisoners in work camps were mistreated and forced to work until death. Labor would sometimes have the sole purpose of tiring prisoners and deliberately leading them towards illness and death.

"At the Mauthausen concentration camp, the SS forced prisoners to run up the 186 steps out of the stone quarry carrying heavy boulders until they dropped, and then denied them the food, rest, or medicine necessary to recover." - United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

Death Camps:
Prisoners were sent to death Camps to be swiftly and systematically mass murdered. Millions of Jews, Slavs, Communist, and any others that the Germans considered “Untermenshen”. The Nazis devised a system that was able to kill thousands of people per day at every camp. Conditions in the camp were so  wretched that many prisoners died before being gassed.

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Warsaw
Buchenwald
Dachau
Sachsenhausen
Mauthausen-Gusen
Płaszów
Theresienstadt
Auschwitz-Birkenau
Ravensbrück
Gross-Rosen
Bergen-Belsen

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Camps in which Jews, homosexuals, gypsies, people with disabilities, political dissidents, Soviet prisoners of war, and Afro-Germans were imprisoned and detained under harsh conditions by the Nazis. Schutzstaff (SS) Chief Leader Heinrich Himmler was appointed by Hitler to centralize the administration of the concentration camps. The SS was primarily involved in the regulation of these concentration camps, with one SS Death's Head Unit assigned to each (consisting of the commandant with his personal staff, a Security Police Officer, and an administrative staff in charge of the supply administration). The Gestapo police had the authority to incarcerate people in concentration camps.