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What is likely more relevant is the potential for crop failures in conditions of drought, and its critical effects on government and social instability.

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Although Assyria were surounded by many deserts and mountians, they created many strong trade routes that helped them trade with other civilizations. They Assyrians had different trade routes used at different periods of time. One trade route that was commonly used was the one that traveled

between Anatolia and Mesopotamia. Five hundred years later, a second trade route opened, created by the Assyrian merchants, which traveled from upper Mesopotamia to Kayseri. This trade route was the first to introduce trade between Anatolia and the Middle East, and was later extended south to Nigde and north to Sivas. Later, Persia was eventually connected as well and in turn, caused Kayseri to become the major trading center of its time. Assyria used trade routes to communicate and trade with other civilizations.

The Assyrians traded tin, lead, textiles, and grain for metals and stones. Stones were traded and used as protection and for houses, metals were made into everyday tools and weapons such as swords, and spears. When stone became precious, the Assyrians used mud and bricks to build houses instead.
http://thewondersofassyria.blogspot.com/
_ http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/32.161.46

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Trade in Assyria - Fertile Crescent Trade: Williams 8-3

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Although Assyria were surounded by many deserts and mountians, they created many strong trade routes that helped them trade with other civilizations. They Assyrians had different trade routes used at different periods of time. One trade route that was commonly used was the one that traveled between Anatolia and Mesopotamia.

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Today, modern Assyrians can trace their heritage back to the indigenous descendants of an ancient people who spoke Aramaic and belonged to one of the earliest civilizations to grow in the Middle East. They can look back at a history that stretches across more than 6,750 years.

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What do you think of this Title pg for PPt?

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At the same time that Babylon was rising to greatness in southern Mesopotamia, in Northern Mesopotamia, towards the mountains, another group was growing strong. The Assyrians were a much more warlike people than the Babylonians. They were also known as great traders. Their caravans traveled all over the place, bringing goods to trade as well as food and wine to various cities in Mesopotamia. They had their own language, and their own lifestyle. Their religion was similar to that of Sumer, and then Babylonia, and they worshiped many of the same gods. They did try to take over the south, but they were not successful. The warriors of Babylon were too strong. The Assyrians were much more successful conquering the tribes to the east and west.

Military Camp: The Assyrians were forever at war with somebody. This was expensive. Taxes were terrible in ancient Assyria. But, their geographic expansion was impressive. They advanced quickly in art and sculpture, which they created to tell their stories of battles and to honor their war heroes.

Because so many of the scenes painted on their ceramics and carved on their reliefs show pictures of military camp life, we know a lot about daily life in the military camps. Many pieces of art picture a royal canopy in the center of the military camp. The king's face is usually shown. The chariot of the time was mounted on six wheels. Some art features a camp bakery or soldiers at meals. Others show a servant holding a scoop from which a soldier is taking a drink. A lot of the arts features horses and grooms. And some art show men guarding the entrance to the camp wearing sandals and carrying shields.

Burial Ceremonies: Ceremonies changed over the many thousands of years that this civilization flourished. Bodies were put to rest in cemeteries, and in jars with tight lids, or buried in the desert. The ancient Mesopotamians did not believe in a happy busy afterlife. In the funeral ceremony itself, they would place the deceased hand on a plate of food, so that they would have something for the trip. They would bury their dead with a few of their favorite possessions - weapons, favorite drinking cups, and other small personal items. The Assyrians, however, liked to keep their dead at home. The poor would dig a hole somewhere in the house, and bury their dead at home. The rich would build a room just for the burial. In both cases, an oil lamp would be kept burning near or at the gravesite, to remind everyone that this person is near and cares for them.

Buildings: The Assyrians built huge buildings. Historians are not quite sure what these buildings were for as the Assyrians were nomads. But they do know that the buildings were decorated with huge demons to protect these buildings from evil influence.

The Assyrians sack Babylon! About 1200 BC, the Assyrians finally conquered Babylon. This was a total shock to the people of the time, probably even a shock to the Assyrians. Babylon was the prize - the greatest city of the time. The Assyrians leveled the city. They turned it into rubble.

As was their habit, they made all the people in Babylonia move to other parts of the Assyrian Empire. That's what they always did when they conquered people. That way, conquered people had to learn new ways in a new place, and were much less likely to revolt as a group, as they had no group.After they leveled the city, the Assyrians began to worry. They were not worried about the people they had scattered all over their empire. They were worried about Marduk, chief of all the Babylonian gods. After thinking it over, it occurred to them that Marduk might be a bit upset with them for leveling his city. They were afraid Marduk might punish them. The Assyrians decided the smartest thing to do would be to rebuild the city, and to return the statue of Marduk to his temple. They really did not have any use for the city. And they really hated the Babylonians and everything they built, especially the Babylon. But, they were more afraid of the god Marduk than they were filled with hate for the Babylonians. So, they rebuilt Babylon, but left it an empty city. Eventually, people returned to the city and Babylon rose again.

The Great Library of Nineveh. The Assyrian Empire lasted for about 600 years. Around 600 BC, before the people of ancient Mesopotamia were absorbed into the great Persian Empire, the last Assyrian king started a project. He began collecting a library of clay tablets of all the literature of ancient Sumer, Babylonia, and Assyria. No one knows how many tablets he actually collected, but, when discovered in modern times, over 30,000 tablets still remained in the great library in his capital city of Nineveh. These tablets are our single most important source of knowledge about ancient Mesopotamia.

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Ancient Assyrians - Mesopotamia for Kids

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At the same time that Babylon was rising to greatness in southern Mesopotamia, in Northern Mesopotamia, towards the mountains, another group was growing strong. The Assyrians were a much more warlike people than the Babylonians. They were also known as great traders.

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ASSYRIANS | People | Armenia Travel, History, Archeology & Ecology | TourArmenia | Travel Guide to Armenia

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Tour Armenia is a travel guide to Armenia, with detailed information and direciotns of over 500 destinations, a practical guide to Armenia listing cheap flights, hotels and lodging, eating out, and details on adventure tours, ecology, flower tours, birding, mountain climbing, history, religious tours.

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Until now, our understanding of the Mesopotamian urban crisis had been based on archaeological studies of ceramic artifacts and changes in the size of archaeological sites along with what we know about farming practices popular at the time.

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Do you guys want this to be the backround of PPT?

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Alysha: How many levels of their society 

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Alysha: How many levels of their society 

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Ancient Assyria had many different levels of society, but if one level didn’t handle their responsibilities very well it caused problems for all other levels. Assyrian needed a very organised government to make sure things ran smoothly.

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My Question:

Who did the Assyrians trade with between 3000BCE and 395 CE

Answer (points):

The direct Assyrian routes are to Asshur, Nineveh and Ecbatana. To reach others go through ninveh to  go to haran, then carachemeh. Go through Asshur to reach Mesopotamia, then Ur. More on map.

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Here is the research question sheet jess made. It is a

bit modified because i changed font. It also has my information in it.

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1. The Assyrian empire had very fertile land, which were perfect agriculture.

2. The climate of most of the Assyrian Empire was perfect for agriculture, having cool temperatures and fairly heavy rainfall most of the time.

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Assyria took its name from its chief city, Assur, on the upper Tigris. Lying north of Babylonia, on the great trade route of the Fertile Crescent, the country was frequently invaded from the north as well as from the south.

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Welcome to Britannica School , a safe, up-to-date and age-appropriate information resource for Primary, Middle and High School.

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In antiquity, the Levant or Greater Syria, which includes modern Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestinian territories, part of Jordan, and Kurdistan, was named Syria by the Greeks. At the time, it was a landbridge connecting three continents. It was bounded by the Mediterranean on the west, the Arabian Desert on the south, and the Taurus mountain range to the north. The Syrian Ministry of Tourism adds that it was also at the crossroads of the Caspian Sea, the Black Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Nile.

In this vital position, it was the hub of a trade network involving the ancient areas of Syria, Anatolia (Turkey), Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Aegean.

Ancient Divisions

Ancient Syria was divided into an upper and lower section. Lower Syria was known as Coele-Syria (Hollow Syria) and was located between the Libanus and Antilibanus mountain ranges. Damascus was the ancient capital city. The Roman emperor was known for dividing the emperor into four parts (the Tetrarchy) Diocletian (c. 245-c. 312) established an arms manufacturing center there. When the Romans took over, they subdivided Upper Syria into multiple provinces.

Syria came under Roman control in 64 B.C. Romans emperors replaced the Greeks and Seleucid rulers. Rome divided Syria into two provinces: Syria Prima and Syria Secunda. Antioch was the capital and Aleppo the major city of Syria Prima. Syria Secunda was divided into two sections, Phoenicia Prima (mostly modern Lebanon), with its capital at Tyre, and Phoenicia Secunda, with its capital at Damascus.

Important Ancient Syrian Cities

Doura Europos
The first ruler of the Seleucid dynasty founded this city along the Euphrates. It came under the Roman and Parthian rule, and fell under the Sassanids, possibly through an early use of chemical warfare. Archaeologists have uncovered religious venues in the city for practitioners of Christianity, Judaism, and Mithraism.

Emesa (Homs)
Along the Silk Route after Doura Europos and Palmyra. It was the home of the Roman emperor Elagabalus.

Hamah
Located along the Orontes between Emesa and Palmyra. A Hittite center and capital of the Aramaean kingdom. Named Epiphania, after the Seleucid monarch Antiochus IV.

Antioch
Now a part of Turkey, Antioch lies along the Orontes River. It was founded by Alexander's general Seleucus I Nicator.

Palmyra
The city of palm trees was located in the desert along the Silk Route. Became part of the Roman Empire under Tiberius. Palmyra was the home of the third century A.D Roman-defying queen Zenobia.

Damascus
Called the oldest continually occupied city in the word and is the capital of Syria. Pharaoh Thutmosis III and later the Assyrian Tiglath Pileser II conquered Damascus. Rome under Pompey acquired Syria, including Damascus.
Decapolis

Aleppo
A major caravan stopping point in Syria on the road to Baghdad is in competition with Damascus as the oldest continually occupied city in the world. It was a major center of Christianity, with a large cathedral, in the Byzantine Empire.

Major ethnic groups

The major ethnic groups that migrated to ancient Syria were Akkadians, Amorites, Canaanites, Phoenicians, and Arameans.

Syrian Natural Resources

To the fourth millennium Egyptians and third millennium Sumerians, the Syrian coastland was the source of the softwoods, cedar, pine, and cypress. The Sumerians also went to Cilicia, in the northwest area of Greater Syria, in pursuit of gold and silver, and probably traded with the port city of Byblos, which was supplying Egypt with resin for mummification.

Ebla

The trade network may have been under the control of the ancient city Ebla, an independent Syrian kingdom that exerted power from the northern mountains to Sinai. Located 64 km (42 mi) south of Aleppo, about halfway between the Mediterranean and the Euphrates. Tell Mardikh is an archaeological site in Ebla that was discovered in 1975. There, archaeologists found a royal palace and 17,000 clay tablets. Epigrapher Giovanni Pettinato found a Paleo-Canaanite language on the tablets that was older than Amorite, which had previously been considered the oldest Semitic language.

Ebla conquered Mari, the capital of Amurru, which spoke Amorite. Ebla was destroyed by a great king of the southern Mesopotamian kingdom of Akkad, Naram Sim, in 2300 or 2250. The same great king destroyed Arram, which may have been an ancient name for Aleppo.

Accomplishments of the Syrians

The Phoenicians or Canaanites produced the purple dye for which they are named. It comes from mollusks that lived along the Syrian coast. The Phoenicians created a consonantal alphabet in the second millennium in the kingdom of Ugarit (Ras Shamra). They brought their 30-letter abecedary to the Aramaeans, who settled Greater Syria at the end of the 13th century B.C. This is the Syria of the Bible. They also founded colonies, including Carthage on the north coast of Africa where modern Tunis is located. The Phoenicians are credited with discovering the Atlantic Ocean.

The Aramaeans opened trade to southwest Asia and set up a capital in Damascus. They also built a fortress at Aleppo. They simplified the Phoenician alphabet and made Aramaic the vernacular, replacing Hebrew. Aramaic was the language of Jesus and the Persian Empire.

Conquests of Syria

Syria was not only valuable but vulnerable since it was surrounded by many other powerful groups. In about 1600, Egypt attacked Greater Syria. At the same time, Assyrian power was growing to the east and Hittites were invading from the north. Canaanites in coastal Syria who intermarried with the indigenous people producing the Phoenicians probably fell under the Egyptians, and the Amorites, under the Mesopotamians.

In the 8th century B.C., the Assyrians under Nebuchadnezzar conquered the Syrians. In the 7th century, the Babylonians conquered the Assyrians. The next century, it was the Persians. At the death of Alexander, Greater Syria came under the control of Alexander's general Seleucus Nicator, who first established his capital on the Tigris River at Seleucia, but then following the Battle of Ipsus, moved it into Syria, at Antioch. Seleucid rule lasted for 3 centuries with its capital at Damascus. The area was now referred to as the kingdom of Syria. Greeks colonizing in Syria created new cities and expanded trade into India.

Sources:

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In antiquity, the Levant or Greater Syria, which includes modern Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestinian territories, part of Jordan, and Kurdistan, was named Syria by the Greeks. At the time, it was a landbridge connecting three continents. It was bounded by the Mediterranean on the west, the Arabian Desert on the south, and the Taurus mountain range to the north.

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Here is Kates action plan

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In antiquity, the Levant or Greater Syria, which includes modern Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestinian territories, part of Jordan, and Kurdistan, was named Syria by the Greeks. At the time, it was a landbridge connecting three continents. It was bounded by the Mediterranean on the west, the Arabian Desert on the south, and the Taurus mountain range to the north. The Syrian Ministry of Tourism adds that it was also at the crossroads of the Caspian Sea, the Black Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Nile.

In this vital position, it was the hub of a trade network involving the ancient areas of Syria, Anatolia (Turkey), Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Aegean.

Ancient Divisions

Ancient Syria was divided into an upper and lower section. Lower Syria was known as Coele-Syria (Hollow Syria) and was located between the Libanus and Antilibanus mountain ranges. Damascus was the ancient capital city. The Roman emperor was known for dividing the emperor into four parts (the Tetrarchy) Diocletian (c. 245-c. 312) established an arms manufacturing center there. When the Romans took over, they subdivided Upper Syria into multiple provinces.

Syria came under Roman control in 64 B.C. Romans emperors replaced the Greeks and Seleucid rulers. Rome divided Syria into two provinces: Syria Prima and Syria Secunda. Antioch was the capital and Aleppo the major city of Syria Prima. Syria Secunda was divided into two sections, Phoenicia Prima (mostly modern Lebanon), with its capital at Tyre, and Phoenicia Secunda, with its capital at Damascus.

Important Ancient Syrian Cities

Doura Europos
The first ruler of the Seleucid dynasty founded this city along the Euphrates. It came under the Roman and Parthian rule, and fell under the Sassanids, possibly through an early use of chemical warfare. Archaeologists have uncovered religious venues in the city for practitioners of Christianity, Judaism, and Mithraism.

Emesa (Homs)
Along the Silk Route after Doura Europos and Palmyra. It was the home of the Roman emperor Elagabalus.

Hamah
Located along the Orontes between Emesa and Palmyra. A Hittite center and capital of the Aramaean kingdom. Named Epiphania, after the Seleucid monarch Antiochus IV.

Antioch
Now a part of Turkey, Antioch lies along the Orontes River. It was founded by Alexander's general Seleucus I Nicator.

Palmyra
The city of palm trees was located in the desert along the Silk Route. Became part of the Roman Empire under Tiberius. Palmyra was the home of the third century A.D Roman-defying queen Zenobia.

Damascus
Called the oldest continually occupied city in the word and is the capital of Syria. Pharaoh Thutmosis III and later the Assyrian Tiglath Pileser II conquered Damascus. Rome under Pompey acquired Syria, including Damascus.
Decapolis

Aleppo
A major caravan stopping point in Syria on the road to Baghdad is in competition with Damascus as the oldest continually occupied city in the world. It was a major center of Christianity, with a large cathedral, in the Byzantine Empire.

Major ethnic groups

The major ethnic groups that migrated to ancient Syria were Akkadians, Amorites, Canaanites, Phoenicians, and Arameans.

Syrian Natural Resources

To the fourth millennium Egyptians and third millennium Sumerians, the Syrian coastland was the source of the softwoods, cedar, pine, and cypress. The Sumerians also went to Cilicia, in the northwest area of Greater Syria, in pursuit of gold and silver, and probably traded with the port city of Byblos, which was supplying Egypt with resin for mummification.

Ebla

The trade network may have been under the control of the ancient city Ebla, an independent Syrian kingdom that exerted power from the northern mountains to Sinai. Located 64 km (42 mi) south of Aleppo, about halfway between the Mediterranean and the Euphrates. Tell Mardikh is an archaeological site in Ebla that was discovered in 1975. There, archaeologists found a royal palace and 17,000 clay tablets. Epigrapher Giovanni Pettinato found a Paleo-Canaanite language on the tablets that was older than Amorite, which had previously been considered the oldest Semitic language.

Ebla conquered Mari, the capital of Amurru, which spoke Amorite. Ebla was destroyed by a great king of the southern Mesopotamian kingdom of Akkad, Naram Sim, in 2300 or 2250. The same great king destroyed Arram, which may have been an ancient name for Aleppo.

Accomplishments of the Syrians

The Phoenicians or Canaanites produced the purple dye for which they are named. It comes from mollusks that lived along the Syrian coast. The Phoenicians created a consonantal alphabet in the second millennium in the kingdom of Ugarit (Ras Shamra). They brought their 30-letter abecedary to the Aramaeans, who settled Greater Syria at the end of the 13th century B.C. This is the Syria of the Bible. They also founded colonies, including Carthage on the north coast of Africa where modern Tunis is located. The Phoenicians are credited with discovering the Atlantic Ocean.

The Aramaeans opened trade to southwest Asia and set up a capital in Damascus. They also built a fortress at Aleppo. They simplified the Phoenician alphabet and made Aramaic the vernacular, replacing Hebrew. Aramaic was the language of Jesus and the Persian Empire.

Conquests of Syria

Syria was not only valuable but vulnerable since it was surrounded by many other powerful groups. In about 1600, Egypt attacked Greater Syria. At the same time, Assyrian power was growing to the east and Hittites were invading from the north. Canaanites in coastal Syria who intermarried with the indigenous people producing the Phoenicians probably fell under the Egyptians, and the Amorites, under the Mesopotamians.

In the 8th century B.C., the Assyrians under Nebuchadnezzar conquered the Syrians. In the 7th century, the Babylonians conquered the Assyrians. The next century, it was the Persians. At the death of Alexander, Greater Syria came under the control of Alexander's general Seleucus Nicator, who first established his capital on the Tigris River at Seleucia, but then following the Battle of Ipsus, moved it into Syria, at Antioch. Seleucid rule lasted for 3 centuries with its capital at Damascus. The area was now referred to as the kingdom of Syria. Greeks colonizing in Syria created new cities and expanded trade into India.

Sources:

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In antiquity, the Levant or Greater Syria, which includes modern Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestinian territories, part of Jordan, and Kurdistan, was named Syria by the Greeks. At the time, it was a landbridge connecting three continents. It was bounded by the Mediterranean on the west, the Arabian Desert on the south, and the Taurus mountain range to the north.

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Assyrian Empire - Fertile Crescent Trade: Williams 8-3

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agriculture consists of the deliberate

large-scale practice of domestication.

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The Assyrians traded tin, lead, textiles, and grain for metals and stones.  Stones were traded and used as protection and for houses; metals were made into everyday tools and weapons such as swords, and spears.  When stone became precious, the Assyrians used mud and bricks to build houses instead.

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There was a lot of Kings in Assyria sometimes they would rule for 4 years and others 40 years. They all ruled in BC.

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These are the kings that ruled in the BC ages Sulili, Kikkiya, Akiya, Puzur-Ashur I, Shalim-ahum, llu-shuma

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Go to this website to get the Assyrian Kings

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Go to this website to get the Assyrian Kings

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_kings

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good website! hope this helps!

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In addition to the abundant natural resources of the Assyrian Empire, they had very fertile lands that were perfect for agriculture (Frahm). Assyria, despite having many successful conquests, was mostly made up of farmers who made their living off of the fertile land (Frahm). The climate of most of the Assyrian Empire was perfect for agriculture, having cool temperatures and fairly heavy rainfall most of the time, and many Assyrians worked as farmers (Frahm). The chief crop of farmers in the Assyrian Empire was barley, and some farmers also raised livestock (Frahm). Milk and dairy products were also a major branch of agriculture in the Assyrian Empire, and many livestock farmers made their living off of this (Frahm).

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Agriculture in the Assyrian Empire - Fertile Crescent Trade: Williams 8-3

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In addition to the abundant natural resources of the Assyrian Empire, they had very fertile lands that were perfect for agriculture (Frahm). Assyria, despite having many successful conquests, was mostly made up of farmers who made their living off of the fertile land (Frahm).