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Europe has grown to become the most powerful continent world affairs. The coming of the nineteenth century marked the development of nation-states sovereign countries composed of ethnically similar groups of self governing peoples.

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The root of rivalries between European powers in the 1800 was the rise of nationalism. Nationalism is the shared belief of loyalty to the ethnicity and culture of a nation-state.

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Nationalism brewed tension between nation such as France and Germany, with the defeat of French in the Franco Prussian War in 1870-1871, leading to the formation and strengthening of the German Reich.

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The of Roots of Great War The Rise of Nationalism and Colonial Rivalries

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The of Roots of Great War The Rise of Nationalism and Colonial Rivalries

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Vickers machine gun in the Battle of Passchendaele,September 1917

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Nationalistic feelings also emerged in Italy after her unification in 1871 due to millions of Italian living in areas controlled by the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

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HMS Dreadnought, one of the largest battleship of the British Royal Navy

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The tension brewing caused by growing nationalism worsened interval conflicts brought about by dissent between members of the same nation-state

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Class warfare shook the balance of power held by conservative leadership classes. Nation-states with the worst interval conflicts were on the verge of revolution.

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Between 1870 and 1914, military spending increased, doubling the size of European armies.

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The Germans began an ambitious program of increasing the size of its navy to rival that of the British Royal navy. However, in 1906, the British ended the navel race with Germans with the construction of the HMS Dreadnought.

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Military spending in other European nations also balloned.The Russian army around that time employed 1.3 million men, the largest in Europe. The French also increase the size of its army in 1931, employing around 900,000 able-bodied soldiers.

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In 1800's, the major European powers organized themselves in case war breaks out.

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The German Empire, negotiated the establishment of the League of Three Emperors in 1863

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This created the Dual Alliance between the two remaining powers in 1879, whose main goal is to minimize Russian influence over the Balkans. In 1882, Italy was included in alliance, officially creating the Triple Alliance.

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The conflicts in the Balkan Peninsula became an important turning point in the beginning of World War I.

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The treaty of Berlin of 1878 provided Austria-Hungary a firm succession of power in the region with the right to administer Bosnia and Herzegovina . On October 6, 1908 the Austro-Hungarian Empire officially annexed the nation, giving rise to the conflict known a the Bosnian Crisis.

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The Russian, motivated by their kinship with the Slavs, saw this an opportunity to establish their influence in the region.

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However, the Russians proves to be weak ally after it loss in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, thereby limiting its promise of complete support to the Serbian campaign.

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They attacked the Ottoman Empire on October 8, 1912.This was also known as the First Balkan War.

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Bulgaria attacked Serbia and Greece but lost after 33 days dissolving the Balkan League.

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The Great War: 1914 TO 1918 The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

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The Great War: 1914 TO 1918 The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

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The spark that led to the explosion of the powder keg was the event that transpired in the summer of 1914. On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and his wife Sophia, the Duchess of Hohenberg, visited the Bosnian capital city of Sarajevo to open a state museum following the observation of military maneuvers in the city

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Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophia before the assassination.

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Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophia before the assassination.

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The Black Hand, a terrorist organization who wanted and independent Bosnia, throw a bomb at the archduke's car on the morning of June 28 but failed to assassinate him.

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The Patients at the Sarajevo hospital who were wounded in the failed assassination attempt,The  Archduke and his wife were shot by a 19 year-old Bosnian Serb Gavrilo.

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The assassination of the archduke incited anger among national lines in Europe.Austrian riots in Sarajevo killed many ethnic Serbs.

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Germany responded with a "black check" saying that it fully supports whatever action its ally would take against Serbia even if Russia becomes involved.

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On July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.

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On August 1 Germany declared war against Russian Czar. Germany, foreseeing the possibility of a two-front war, carried out the Schlieffen Plan against bot Russia and France. The plan was send to 75 percent of it troops to France, which would entail marching into Belgium, a neutral territory.

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The Allied Powers, composed of the Triple Entente (France,Russia,and Britain), and The Central Powers, composed of the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy), as they call themselves after August 1914, proved to be unstoppable.

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Trench warfare was a common military tactic in World War I.

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The Schlieffen Plan aimed to surround the French city of Paris, dealing a critical blow to the French Army.

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However, by September 6-10, 1914, French and British troops proved resistant against the German Army.

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These weapons made traditional combat especially difficult since troops can no longer charge at their enemies.

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Most of tactics involved a strong defense under trenches dug-out ditches used as war shelter.

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Life in the Western Front prove even more difficult. Soldiers fortunate enough to live another day at war stayed mostly in the trenches.

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The Battle Of Verdun and the Battle of Somme , both in 1916, proved to be some of the most futile operations, shelling out casualties that number to the hundreds of thousand without any positive result.

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The Eastern Front was larger and more fluid than the Western Front.

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On August 30, 1914 at the Battle of Tannenberg, in Eastern Prussia  and on September 15 at the Battle Of Masurian Lakes respectively, The Germans defeated the Russians.

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Lenin became an important leader in the Russian Revolution.

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Strikes led by around 10,000 working-class women in Russia's capital city of Petrograd (formerly St. Peters berg) ensued.

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The March Revolution, the Russian working class demanded for "Peace and Bread" and the dissolution of the Tsarists government.

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By March 15, the Czar stepped down and the 300-year old Romanov Dynasty came to an end.

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In November 1915, Lenin and the Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government. On March 3, 1918, Lenin negotiated a peace treaty with Germany, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

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https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC510QYlOlKNyhy_zdQxnGYw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbwH1ZBnYds
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P92guhd7d-8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmHxq28440c
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHeMPV5VDR4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f11CKYB2FCA