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Hello i’m alia nazmin but i’d like to be called as alia ⭐️ teamwork makes the dream work 🌿

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Heyyo ! Zahirah Khan is here and i would love to be called Zah ❤ I'm an openbook , u can turn me one page to unravel my stories ~

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What's up? I'm Chahaya Kasih. Here, we will share everything about South Korea; two types of cultures (Folk & Popular), and three types of landscapes (Natural, Rural and Urban). Stay tuned for our next feed, here on Padlet.

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Map of South Korea

South Korea is a country that is located in eastern Asia on the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. It has coastlines along the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea.

South Korea's topography consists mainly of hills and mountains but there are large coastal plains in the western and southern parts of the country. The highest point in South Korea is Halla-san, an extinct volcano, which rises to 6,398 feet (1,950 m). It is located on South Korea's Jeju Island, which is located south of the mainland.

South Korea also has a temperate climate with four distinct seasons which are summer, winter, autumn and spring.

Korea can be divided largely into three biozones by distribution of plants. The groups are warm-temperate forest, temperate forest and subalpine forest.

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Korea is greatly influenced by the Chinese and Japanese cultures. This influence can be seen by Confucianism, which established many traditions that can be seen in modern Korea today. These traditions include the ethical code of conduct in social life and showing respect to the elders and family.

Koreans also believe in sincerity and loyalty and follow certain codes of conduct while meeting, eating, praying and even celebrating. At times when many other cultures would shake hands, Koreans bow. They bow as a sign of gratitude and respect to the person they are meeting.

2(a) Communication style

Communication can be complicated in South Korea due to an inherent dislike of saying ‘no’ as it is considered poor etiquette

Good posture and positive body language is most beneficial in meetings; patience and politeness must be maintained throughout

Use two hands, or support your right arm with your left, when passing on business cards, gifts, or when receiving an item

Respect, trust and satisfaction are displayed through a deeper bow

2(b) Meeting and greeting

Bowing is the traditional way to greet in South Korea

Handshakes often accompany the bow among men

Your left hand should support your right forearm when shaking hands

Korean women do not always shake hands and may slightly nod instead of a full bow

Always bow to individuals when departing

2(c) Holidays
- Korean New Years
- Independence Day
- Chuseok
- Christmas
- Children Day
- Hangul Day
- White Day
- Black Day

2(d) Dress
The traditional dress known as hanbok has been worn since ancient times. The hanbok consists of a shirt (jeogori) and pants (baji). The traditional hat, called gwanmo, has special meaning is attached to this piece of clothing. According to social status, Koreans used to dress differently, making clothing an important mark of social rank. The ruling class and the royal family wore impressive, but sometimes cumbersome, costumes. They used jewelry to distance themselves from the ordinary people.

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So the country that we’ve chosen is South Korea or they called as Daehan minguk (Republic of Korea)

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So the country that we’ve chosen is South Korea or they called as Daehan minguk (Republic of Korea)

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Korea  - A big country that always keep reminded us about kpop especially for today generations that were very fanatic and obsessed over their idols 🙄 yeah , and i'm one of them eventhough i just loved to watch kdramassss . Hehek ~

Back to our topic , the main reason why we choose South  Korea as our model is because of their unique culture and their traditions which attracts us to do a research about it .

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South Korea had histories behind their lucrative performance. South Korea was the most poor country, until they had to do cash loans with United States of America during the Korean War. Since the loan, South Korea was almost bankrupted.

The President of South Korea that time, Kim Dae-Jung, was feeling pity to the citizens, and trying to figure out how to fix the financial problem of South Korea. Until there's one day, he began to be attracted to the Pop and R&B culture from the Western countries. At last, he decided to exist their own popular culture, K-Pop to improve their financial performance.

In his opinion, both North and South Korea should be reunited by entertainment, and not politics.

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FOLK AREA: The Hahoe Folk Village is a traditional village from the Joseon Dynasty. The 'Ha' is short for river and 'hoe' means to turn around, return, come back. The village is located in Andong, Gyeongsabuk-do. The village is organized around the geomantic guidelines of Punsu (Korean Feng Shui) and so the village has the shape of a lotus flower or two interlocking comma shape. 

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FOLK AREA: The Hahoe Folk Village is a traditional village from the Joseon Dynasty. The 'Ha' is short for river and 'hoe' means to turn around, return, come back. The village is located in Andong, Gyeongsabuk-do. The village is organized around the geomantic guidelines of Punsu (Korean Feng Shui) and so the village has the shape of a lotus flower or two interlocking comma shape. 

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1) ANDONG MASK DANCE FESTIVAL

The mask dance festival , hosted once a year in autumn which is at the end of September and beginning of October . The Korean mask show has the typical characters like the Evil Stepmother, the Grandmother, the Monk, the innocent Girl, the Joker, the Wise Men and the Drunken Men. They act out a story in which virtue is rewarded and evil punished. Dancers are accompanied by traditional Korean music, for example melodies by folk percussion instruments known as Pungmul.

2) SUNYU LINE FIRE

'Sunyu Line Fire' is a folk game in which people hang a bag filled with charcoal powder on a long string hanging in the air and enjoy a spectacular event in which flames come on fire. In Andong's Hahoe Village, the aristocrats went boating together with a poem and a song under the full moon in July. At this time, he enjoyed pouring oil on egg shells or buppy pieces and flying them with a wick, or dropping pine tree stems that had been lit on Buyongdae.

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Andong has famous local foods that originated in the city such as heotjesabap, Andong jjimdak, Andong soju (a rice wine), Andong sikhye (a punch) , Geonjin guksu (a noodle dish), and salted mackerel.

a) Heotjesabap
variety of bibimbap, served with soy sauce (gajang) instead of gochujang ( hot pepper paste) that is more commonly used. its also consists mainly in several types of namul (young sprouted vegetables) over white rice. It is also served with grilled fish, shark, and jeon (Korean pancake). The term, Heotjesabap literally means 'dishes for fake jesa' that are ceremonies for death anniversary and ancestor veneration hel in korea.

b) Andong jjimdak
a variety of jjim (a Korean steamed or braised dish) , made with chicken, cellophane noodles, and various vegetables marinated in ganjang ( Korean soy sauce)The name literally means ' steamed chicken of Andong'

c) Mackerel
Caught downstream where the Nakdong river meets the sea, in ancient times the fish would spoil before brought futher inland. Using special salting techniques.

d) Sikhye
A fermented rice punch served across Korea. Sikhye contains lactobacillus, a benign strain of bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract, and often used as a digestive aid in dishes including kimchi, yogurt, and sauerkraut, among others.

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Example of Andong Jjimdak

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Korean traditional food setting in folk culture

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Traditional dining set

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Hanoks is a Korean traditional house which  are made using natural materials, such as wood and earth.  Since Korea has hot summers and cold winters, the 'Ondol (Gudeul),' a floor-based heating system, and 'Daecheong,' a cool wooden-floor style hall were devised long ago to help Koreans survive the frigid winters and to block sunlight during summer. Hanok also used a particularly large quantity of clay, applying it not only to the walls but also to the roof.  Hanok shapes differ by region for example for south korea, hanoks are open and L-shaped  In order to allow good wind circulation, there are open wooden floored living area and many windows.  Korean hanok bring the natural world inside, allowing its human residents to coexist peacefully with the simplicity, beauty and spirit of nature.

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The village itself is beautiful with many lovely thatched roof houses, paddy rice fields, lotus ponds and blooming flower. the village has unique characteristic as the aristocratic tile- roofed house of the ruling class will be on the top of the hill, while the lower class thatched roof houses are built on the ground below . Joseon's Confucian Aristocrats (Yangban) & the Royal Family did not seek to make enormous grand structures, instead they sought greater harmony with man and nature. In addition, one can view Joseon architecture through the lens of Confucianism which places a strong emphasis on elegant simplicity.  “The outstanding ensembles of buildings, their sitting, planning and building traditions, are exceptional reflections of the social and cultural systems of the Joseon Dynasty.”

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Beautiful traditional houses, breathtaking scenery and folk art and traditions – experience Korea of Joseon Dynasty.

Let's check out !

Hahoe Village or Hahoe Maeul is a historic clan village near the city of Andong in North Gyeongsang Province.  Nakdong River is flowing calmly around the village drawing a beautiful shape that’s why Hahoe Maeul is also described as a lotus floating on the water.

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A UNESCO World Heritage site since 2010, Hahoe Folk Village was founded in the 14th-15th century and subsequently expanded to its present size and composition in the late 18th and 19th centuries. The layout and the siting of the village (surrounded by forested mountains and facing out onto rivers and open agricultural fields), reflect the distinctive aristocratic Confucian culture of the early part of the Joseon Dynasty.

The village location had to provide both physical and spiritual nourishment from surrounding landscapes. Just take a walk in the narrow streets and enjoy the beauty of residences of the head families, pavilions, study halls, Confucian academies for learning,  as well as thatched-roofed houses, formerly for commoners. It is easier to understand now why those landscapes of mountains, trees and water surrounding the village inspired so many poets…

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Don’t forget to stop by the divine tree in the village spirit shrine called Samsindang. Residents of the town believe the 600-year-old zelkova tree aids fertility.

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And to enjoy all this serenity and beauty from different view, we strongly recommend to climb to the Buyongdae Cliff located against one of the Nakdong river’s bends.

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Another peaceful and relaxing experience is the visit of Byeongsan Seowon Confucian Academy, located just 4 kilometers from the village.

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The village of Hanoe located in the south-eastern region of the Korean peninsula, the heartland of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), that ruled the Korean Peninsula for more than five hundred years.

Sheltered by forested mountains and facing out onto rivers and open agricultural fields,Hahoe in the landscape settings are seen as the most representative historic, clan villages in Korea.

The villages were located to provide both physical and spiritual nourishment from their surrounding landscapes. They include the residences of the head families, together with substantial timber framed houses of other clan members, also pavilions, study halls, Confucian academies for learning, and clusters of one storey mud-walled, thatched-roofed houses, formerly for commoners. The landscapes of mountains, trees and water around the villages, framed in views from pavilions and retreats, were celebrated for their beauty by 17th and 18th century poets.

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When one overlook from atop of Buyongdae hill just across the river, the village commands a panoramic view with its sandy beach, pine trees along the bank, gently creeping farmlands and hills on the west. The village is split into two parts by the main road built along the ridgeline of the hill. The houses are positioned in such a way to harmonize with its natural environment and face all directions offering undisturbed vista. Village thus creates a winding and semi-circular layout to match its circling river.

Village of Hahoe is also called ‘muldoridong’(a village of water curve) because the Nakdong River circles around the village in the shape of “S” or “Ω” . The feng shui theorists interpret the shape of village as representing a perfect pattern of taeguk (source of dual principle of yin and yang that form universe). They also believe, because of its good location, to be the reason why Hahoe could produce so many great people and enjoy peace over a long time

Confucianism reached deep into the countryside, and this ideology has caused very real imprints on rural agricultural landscape. Hahoe rural settlement is a yangban (Korean hereditary aristocratic family)  dominated clan village with such prominent figure as Ryu Seongryong and his elder brother Ryu Un-ryong (1539-1601). The members of the yangban family continued to study for, and took the state examination and served in the royal court in Seoul. After retirement, they would return to their homeland.

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Okay, I know that most of you know about K-Pop, and some do love their music and so do I. So, let's me explain how it all began.

In 1992, Seo Tae-Ji and The Boys, were said to start the K-Pop music culture. They were a group of three men that waved up their American-style music on radio speakers. Their singing and dance moves were quite a killer that time. Since then, the group got excellent attention in Korea.

However, the group was separated in 1996. One of the members, Yang Hyun-Suk held up his own entertainment company, known as YG Entertainment, where K-Pop groups such as Big Bang, PSY, 2NE1 (disbanded in 2016), and BlackPink were set up.

Another entertainment company which became the cornerstone of K-Pop, is SM Entertainment which was held three years earlier than YG Entertainment. SM Entertainment are responsible to set up idols such as Girls Generation, Super Junior, SHINee, TVXQ, EXO, f(x), and NCT 2018.

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Most of us know that in South Korea, Shamanism and Buddhism are quite the major religions there. However, there are also more religions, as shown below:-
- Confucianism
- Taoism
- Islam
- Catholicism
- Protestantism
- Ch’ondogyo
- Atheism

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Model sketch 💫

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You might want to see how is our progress for the model of our chosen country of the project, South Korea. Don't miss out and stay tuned!

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The Differences between Chinese and Korean Architecture

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The Differences between Chinese and Korean Architecture

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Korean Architecture and Chinese Architecture are similar in their use of the bracket system as well as the pitch roof. The slight difference in roof structure is that the Korean roof seems to curve upwards whilst the Chinese roof is less curved.

The proportion is also different. The Forbidden City was smaller and more in proportion whilst the Gyeongbokgung Palace roof was more dramatic and bigger. The Forbidden City proportions are very obvious and they emphasize on the horizontality and verticality whereas the Gyeongbokgung Palace had less severe proportions.

Another interesting thing was, the roof color is very different. Typical of Chinese Architecture, the Forbidden City used bright colored – orange/gold, whereas the Korean Palace had grey (dull) colored roof tiles. It’s also interesting to note that no Korean house/palace/building uses brightly coloured roof tiles.

An interesting fact I picked up from the internet was that brick was used to construct the Forbidden City, whilst it the Gyeongbokgung Palace was constructed out of wood. Wood was used because at the time Seoul was a large forest.

Forbidden city in China -  Notice the horizontality, verticality, proportion, and bright colours

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Bright Colours & Compare the Roof curviness with the Korean Roof

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Notice the proportion different to that of the Forbidden City

and compare the colors used

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Notice the roof structure to be more curvy than that of Chinese Architecture

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Hanbok style changes from years to years

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Accessories that used together with hanbok ~

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Traditional wedding hanbok during Joseon era

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In this section, we will represent what kind of food that are mostly served inn South Korea. Check it below!

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- Fermented vegetables
One of the oldest and probably the most essential dishes in Korean cuisine, kimchi is a spicy and sour dish made up of fermented vegetables. It is prepared with various kinds of ingredients, but the most common main ingredient is cabbage. Kimchi is popular among foreigners for its unique flavor, as well as its high nutritional value, fiber content and low calorie content. However, for Koreans, it is most popular due to its significant cultural value. Without kimchi, dinner is considered incomplete.

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Green onion kimchi

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- Mixed rice
- A bowl of mixed ingredients including, but not limited to, rice, namul (seasoned and sautéed vegetables), mushrooms, beef, soy sauce, gochujang(chili pepper paste), and a fried egg. The ingredients found in bibimbap vary by region, and the most famous versions of the dish are found in Jeonju, Tongyeong, and Jinju.

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- Marinated beef barbecue
- A juicy, savory dish of grilled marinated beef, bulgogi is one of the most popular Korean meat dishes throughout the world, and was ranked as the 23rd most delicious food in the world according to CNN Travel’s reader’s poll in 2011. It is often grilled with garlic and sliced onions to add flavor to the meat. The meat is usually wrapped in lettuce and it is also traditionally eaten with ssamjang (a thick, red spicy paste).

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- Also known as korean glass noodles
- Stir - fried noodles
-  Often served as a side dish during lunch or dinner, japchae is a traditional Korean noodle dish made up of stir-fried sweet potato, thinly shredded vegetables, beef, and a hint of soy sauce and sugar. Depending on the chef, additional ingredients like mushrooms are added to the mix. Japchae is known for its sweet and flavorful taste and its soft yet slightly chewy texture.

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- Spicy rice cake
-  Ddukbokki, also spelled tteokbokki, is a common spicy Korean food made of cylindrical rice cakes, triangular fish cake, vegetables, and sweet red chili sauce. It is often sold by pojangmacha (street vendors). People enjoy ddeukbokki for the combination of spicy and sweet flavors.

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- Black bean paste noodles

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Rice cake soup

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Korean-style Mochi/rice cake

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Noodles (mostly refer to instant branded one), similar to Ramen in Japan

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- Korean spicy soft tofu stew
- Served in a large stone bowl, sundubu-jjigae is a common spicy Korean stew generally made of dubu (tofu), vegetables, mushrooms, seafood, beef or pork, and gochujang (chili paste). Depending on the chef and region, some ingredients are removed, substituted or added to the mix. Though different variations exist, traditionally, a raw egg is placed on top of the stew and mixed with the soup before serving to add additional flavor to the dish.

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BTS

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- Pork strips
- One of the most popular Korean dishes in South Korea, samgyeopsal consists of grilled slices of pork belly meat that are not marinated or seasoned. They are commonly dipped in seasoning made of salt and pepper mixed in sesame seed oil, and then wrapped in lettuce along with grilled slices of garlic, grilled slices of onion, shredded green onions, and kimchi. It is one of the most common dishes found in any Korean restaurant throughout the world.

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- Ginseng chicken soup
- A common dish particularly during the summer, samgyetang is a traditional soup made of chicken, garlic, rice, scallion, Korean jujube, Korean ginseng, and spices. It is known to have a high nutritional value. Not only is it known for its healthy contents but it also is popular simply for its creamy and meaty flavor.

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EXO

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- Hanbok

A Hanbok (South Korean) or Joseon-ot (North Korean) is a traditional Korean dress for semi-formal or formal attire during traditional occasions such as festivals, celebrations, and ceremonies. It is characterized by vibrant colors and simple lines without pockets. Although the term literally means "Korean clothing", hanbok usually refers specifically to clothing of the Joseon period. Korea had a dual clothing tradition in which rulers and aristocrats adopted different kinds of mixed foreign-influenced indigenous styles while commoners preserved a distinct style of indigenous clothing, today known as hanbok.

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There are two main components of the Korean hanbok. For men, the hanbok is composed of the upper jacket known as 저고리/jeogori and pants known as 바지/baji.

For women, the hanbok is composed of the 저고리/jeogori and the skirt known as 치마/chima.

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BLACKPINK

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TWICE

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Korean hanboks are colored by using natural dyes. The colors of nature are imbued in the cloth. For example: to obtain a red color, one would ground red flower petals in a mortar, then put the grounded petals in a jar, and later rinse them with hot caustic soda.

The colors used to make the 저고리/jeogori and 치마/chima depended on the wearer’s social status.  Royalty, court officials, and the upper class wore bright colored hanboks, while commoners wore light earth colored hanboks such as white, pale pink, light green, and charcoal.

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- Light earth colored hanbok

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- Bright colored hanbok

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Girls' Generation (SNSD)

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Super Junior

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BIGBANG

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SHINee

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GOT7

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Male Hanbok

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VIXX

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The aesthetic elements of the hanbok embody the Korean sense of beauty. The aesthetic framework is based on the Korean preference for naturalness, desire for supernatural protection and blessings, and the Confucian-style dress code. Traditional hanboks boasted the vivid colors based on the basic hues that correspond with the five elements of the yin and yang theory: metal, fire, wood, water, and earth.Therefore, the main colors worn were commonly white (metal), red (fire), blue (wood), black (water), and yellow (earth).

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Koreans often wore white regardless of status, because of its symbolism for purity and modesty. The color white also accentuates the black hair of the Korean people.

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The color red symbolizes good fortune and wealth, thus it was often used for women’s wedding garments.

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According to our group's observation, Koreans celebrate based on their religious beliefs, and traditional. Now, let's see what are the top festivals that are celebrated annually.

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Differences between Korean and Japanese Architecture 

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Differences between Korean and Japanese Architecture 

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Japanese buildings continued to follow the Chinese style of horizontal buildings with heavy tile roofs supported by timber frames, but developed unique characteristics reflecting Buddhist values.

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The color black symbolizes infinity and the fountainhead of all creation. Black was often used for men’s hats.

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- Lunar New Year
- Apparently similar to Chinese New Year, which is based on the Lunar calendar, but the traditions are a bit different.
- Koreans wear their hanboks during this celebration, and the younger generation will bow to their elders.
- There will also Tteokguk or rice cake soup to be served during the celebration. When one eat the rice cake soup, the person will be considered as two years older (based on the Lunar calendar).
E.G - A man who was born in 1992 considered to be 26 years old in 2018 worldwide, but in Seollal, he is considered 27 years old. Followed by his birthday, on December 4th, he will turn 28 years old. In a nutshell, Seollal is considered as a birthday celebration.

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It's about the curve. Japanese architecture has no curve, and is mostly flat and slanted roofs. Korean emphasizes how the curvature of roofs harmonize with environment. Sometimes, the roof "connects" 2 mountains of a valley if you view it from the front.