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Incorporation of sound into America; paints a vivid image of the lack of independence by appealing to human senses, bringing the nature of the time period down to a personal, emotional level.

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I feel like the testimony aspect between these plays is different. In both plays we see how the women react and what their reaction is to their traumas. But the testimony of the husbands is very different. In a Doll's house we see Helmer and how he is feeling and what his reaction is on page 105. The reader is able to understand his point of view, but in Hedda, George's reaction is cut short. We only know of his immediate reaction to Hedda commiting suicide in the final line of the play.

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great question Andrea (:

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how has hedda’s relationship with george shaped her actions and words towards others, especially other women?

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Even though there are stark differences in the personalities of Nora/Hedda and Helmer/George, why does the relationship between the two couples play out relatively similarly?

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When talking about how the female characters keep themselves busy we see that Hedda spent her time being rude and mean to people and complaining about how bored she is. With Nora she is the complete opposite and has people over a lot and goes shopping. This shows the differences between their personalities and is a factor of what lead to their actions.

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What are some ways that Hedda manipulates others to get her way? Do you think other characters notice or does it fly over their heads?

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The concept of struggle coupled with a lack of independence. The use of repetition in London; development of claustrophobic atmosphere within the city.

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The stark differences between Nora and Hedda even though they are written by the same author.

Hedda dealt with the man who had something to blackmail her by suicide. Nora however, tried to appease the man who had evidence to blackmail her with.

Kids are innocence, but Nora does not take care for her kids. What could this imply?

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I didn't think enough about Hedda's background, and that's such a strong influencing factor when it comes to her manipulative behavior. Elyse brought up how she is an aristocrat, and that helps explain why she's so unimpressed with her husband.

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How does working class/financial circumstances affect relationships and power during this time period?

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Do you guys think that any of the main characters really cared about their relationships, or was it just for the appearance of having a successful personal life?

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Looking at the influence of the husbands Helmer is very controlling and he is trying to hold on to it as she is trying to gain freedom. In Hedda George is very oblivious to Hedda and her desire for power. He just kind of goes along with it and doesn't think that he needs to take control because of the gender roles and social norms.

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Hedda's desire for independence and power lead her to do some terrible things and avoid her responsibility for the suicide she caused.

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-What are the struggles one faces to gain independence or a new awakening?

Misery, Bordem, Irratibility: According to Dr. John Eastwood, a psychologist at York University in Toronto, “Boredom has been associated with increased drug and alcohol abuse, overeating, depression and anxiety, and an increased risk of making mistakes.” https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/oct/14/boredom-is-bad-for-health.

Hedda’s bordem and not being able to express her frustrating emotions with anyone who understood her caused her to commit a big mistake: shooting herself. On page 272 Hedda states that she “wants to have power over a human being” and that she “doesn’t have it” she’s “never had it.”

She ended her life without gaining independence but rather falling vistim to boredom and its’ effect of making mistakes.

Nora achieved independence without having such a significant mistake like Hedda; Nora told Torvald that she is independent, capable of raising herself without any male influence, she left, showing her strength of Nora.

Just before independence, there is a SENSE OF POWER.

Doll House: Nora is fed up with Torvald’s amount of disrespect for her and seeks to be independent. Her “sense of power” is illustrated towards the end of act three when she becomes very short with Torvald, stating “No don’t interrupt. You can just listen to what I say...You’re to blame that’s nothing become of me” (108-9)

Nora knows that she must be to the point with him because if she’s not, he will keep overpowering her, thinking nothing is wrong when he idealizes the women by stating, “she’s worth looking at...a dream of loveliness” (98)

-How do males and females overcome these struggles?

Similarities between Hedda and Nora: As the plays develop both strive to gain independence and make a symbol for themselves of power. As for Nora, she illustrates this want as she gets very short with Helmer towards the end of the play: "No. That's exactly it...the way I am now, I'm no wife for you" (112,4). Hedda grows her independence when Tesman mentions he won't have to compete with Lovborg as she states, "Our way? Leave me out of it" (261)

Children are innocence and Hedda doesn't want to have kids and have that burden. Maybe she wants to have independence more than Nora; no responsibilities, nothing to worry about but herself. But then again, Nora got up and left the children with no worries, searching to be independent.

America: 1921- female depends on the male and steals the life from him yet he loves their relationship and the demands that she places on him. “I love this cultured hell that tests my youth”--he loves the innocence that the women has which forces him to test his capability of controlling her.

Singing

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Hedda and Nora's expectations of their relationships were entirely different; embedded within the social norms of the age. Hedda's suicide was her way of freedom; similar to Edna's suicide - resembling freedom through death.

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* The differences between Hedda and Nora - how the intensity of their desires effects the play/the consciousness of where the power lies.
* The idea of a "breadwinner" -  social status coexists with money and financial stability; Hedda being born an aristocrat and marrying a man of lower class drives her to change her situation.
* The struggles of independence correlates with the effects a lack of independence can have - Hedda and Nora struggle to reach independence and because of this, it drives them to misery/boredom since they are under control of the man; specifically Hedda when she constantly says how bored she is with her marriage/life.
* Society doesn't recognize women.
* The small acts of rebellion are more effective than the larger acts? Do you think that if the hunger for power wasn't as intense, then Hedda/Nora would achieve the goal of independence?
* Relationships with their husbands = strained.
* Children - relevant in both plays; A Doll's House very apparent whereas in Hedda Gabler it's a hidden thing - this reflects the situation of the characters.

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Lack of independence in Hedda correlates with a personal desire to acquire power herself. Nora has no power at all; contrast with Hedda who wants to get away from her husband