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Many Southern states secede their self from the Union,such as Sc and 6 other states. They formed the Confederate States of America. In 1861, Confederate troops fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston, Sc. Which resulted in the Civil War.

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Abraham Lincoln is Elected as President 

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Abraham Lincoln is Elected as President 

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Lincoln won the election with 40 percent votes from the North. Southerners feared that slavery would be abolished for good. He was left off the ballot in 10 states.

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Brown planned to seize the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia instead of waiting for congress. He wanted to use weapons to arm slaves for a rebellion that would end slavery.

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Was a series of political debates between Lincoln and Stephen Douglas. They were both candidates in the Illinois race for the U.S. senator, in which slavery was the main issue.

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The Dred- Scott Decision was supreme Court decision i n 1857 that held that blacks could never be citizens of the United states. They believed the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.

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Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts was disturbed by the violence in Kansas. Preston Brooks attacked Sumner with a metal cane which took Sumner over 3 years to recover.

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Settlers started pouring into Kansas, mostly farmers looking for good land. Some settlers moved to Kansas to support or oppose slavery. The South sent young men with weapons. In the North, abolitionists raised money to send weapons to antislavery settlers

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Act passed in 1854 that created the Kansas and Nebraska territories and abolished the Missouri Compromise by allowing settlers to determine whether slavery would be allowed in the new territories.This act outraged the Northerners because it abolished the Missouri compromise.

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In the North and South both areas disagreed on the Fugitive Slave Act but for different reasons. Northerners did not want to enforce the act and the southerners felt the act did not do enough to ensure the return of their lost property. The act states if a person arrested as a runaway slave had almost no legal rights. If a person is caught helping slaves escape or refused to aid slave catchers, could be jailed.

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The agreements made i n order to admit California into the Union as free state. These agreements include allowing the New Mexico and Utah territories to decide whether to allow slavery, outlawing the slave trade in Washington, DC. and creating a stronger fugitive slave law.

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Congress debated what to do about slavery in the territory gained from Mexico. Southerners wanted a bill that would extend the Missouri compromise. Northerners wanted all of it closed. In 1849, California applied for admission to the Union as a free state. Northerners welcomed Cali , Southerners did not. The year ended with Congress deadlocked over California's request.

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James Polk sent a bill to congress asking for funds for the war with Mexico. Pennsylvania representative David Wilmot added an amendment to the bill known as the Wilmot Proviso. The  Wilmot Proviso stated " neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist." in any part of the territory that might be acquired from Mexico. Southerners opposed Wilmot amendment.

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Nat Turners rebellion was one of the largest slave revolts. Slaves still continued to rebel and running  away to freedom in the North. Slaveholders in the North were no better than bank robbers because they saw a slave as a valuable piece of property.

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Abolitionist flooded congress with antislavery petitions but were told that congress had no power to interfere with slavery states. In 1836 congress voted to set aside ( table) all antislavery petitions. Which was called the " Gag Rule". Abolitionist starts to attack slavery in books, newspaper and public meetings. White Southerns deeply resented the abolitionists as an assault on their way of life. Southerns adopted strict new laws to control the movement of slaves.

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Congress was under lots of pressure whether they should admit Missouri and Maine as slave or free states. Which resulted in the  Missouri Compromise which was an agreement made by congress in 1820 under which Missouri was admitted to the Union as a slave state.  Maine was admitted as a free state. The compromise was to balance the power between free and slave states.