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Americans believed in the idea that the US should reach "from sea to shining sea" by any means necessary.

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A popular stopping point for travelers and settlers on the Oregon Trail- Place of the Whitman Massacre. Pg. 356

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Painting by John Gast, 1872

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In 1819, President John Quincy Adams approved the Adams-Onis Treaty with Spain, which agreed to set the limits of Spanish territory and give claims of Oregon Country to US. pg. 352

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Hats and other clothing made of beaver pelts were popular, so the fur trade in the Oregon Territory boomed. Pg. 355

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12,000 People made the journey along the Oregon Trail in the 1840s. pg. 351

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Many Americans used this slogan to support James K. Polk in the Election of 1844 because they  wanted the US to take over the entire land according to Manifest Destiny, pg. 358

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Pioneers along the Oregon Trail traveled using "prairie schooners", covered wagons which carried their entire families and belongings.

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Granted to the United States from Spain in 1821, pg. 359
1824- Tallahassee becomes capitol of new Florida Territory

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Pg. 361, Santa Ana used new weapons technology at the Battle of the Alamo

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Fought for independence 1835-1836. Pg. 362

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Leader of the defense of the Alamo. Pg. 361

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1837- Reported that 48,000 people lived in the territory.  Enslaved people made up about 1/2 of total population. Pg. 360

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Religious movement founded by Joseph Smith to create a perfect society under the "Church of Latter Day SAints"

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pg. 370 Became an independent territory in 1846 known as the "Bear Flag Republic"

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pg. 371 Sam Houston became the leader of the newly independent terrotory

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Discovered in 1849 in California.  Prospectors called "Forty Niners" traveled to mine gold for profit.
- Created boomtowns that grew into large cities overnight.

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Pure gold coins in Mormon Territory

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Miners were from all backgrounds.
- Most found little or no gold.

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Born in Monterrey, California, to Mexican parents. Served as Mexican military but was often critical of the Mexican government. Pg. 373

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(1813-1890) Explorer in the West. Mass Marketer who helped the explorers on the Oregon Trail.

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Leader of the Mormon religion. An angry mob killed him because of the beliefs of the Mormons. pg. 374

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The first American trader to reach the Santa Fe Trail.

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A long-time public servant Albert Gallatin depressed his opposition to Manifest Destiny