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The Emergent Stage is the first developmental stage of reading. Skills that can be expected include reading from memory, using storybook language, writing letterlike forms and scribbling, identifying rhymes, learning letter and number names/sounds, and writing basic words and sentences toward the end of the stage. During this stage, children become familiar with print and display the first signs of literacy. Appropriate activities for this stage are reading aloud, encouraging pretend reading and writing, modeling dictation, learning the alphabet, and sorting objects by their first letters. Book: Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See? By: Bill Martin, Jr.

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Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See  Read Aloud

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During the Beginning Stage, students develop the concept of word in text and can read simple, CVC pattern words out loud. By the end of the stage, they can read between 100 and 150 words by sight. In writing, these students focus most of their energy on spelling and letter-sound correspondance. They begin to write, edit, and illustrate their own stories and experiment with different genres. Initially, they spell words phonetically, but by the end of the stage, they can accurately spell most high frequency words. Appropriate activities for this stage are reading aloud, guided reading, modeling the writing process, teaching letter formation and sounds, and sorting pictures/words based on different literary characteristics. Book: Let's Go for a Drive! By: Mo Willems

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Let's Go for a Drive! by Mo Willems - Read by Joana

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By this time, students are mainly reading silently and they have developed more expression in oral reading.They can self-correct and use comprehension strategies during reading. They can also understand literary devices.Their writing grows in length, voice, and complexity, and they now participate in formal writing processes. They can spell short vowel and single syllable words correctly. By the end of the stage, they have an understanding of the spelling patterns of long-vowel words. Appropriate activities for this stage are interactive read alouds, repeating readings, reading chapter books together, modeling the writing process, writers' workshops, word studies, sorting words by spelling patterns, and examining compound words. Book: Ivy and Bean by Annie Barrows

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The Intermediate Stage is a huge period for reading growth. Students can now read very fluently and with lots of expression, and they prefer to read silently as it is faster. They choose the books that they read voluntarily. They can take a critical stance about what they are reading and back up their opinions with evidence. They also learn new vocabulary words from what they are reading. In writing, students are writing long, sophisticated pieces in a variety of genres. The editing and revising processes become increasingly important to these students. The typical spelling errors that students make in this stage include words with multiple or unaccented syllables; otherwise, they have become proficient at spelling most words. Activities appropriate for this stage are reading aloud, book discussions, practicing studying and notetaking skills, introducing more advanced writing skills, learning how to use primary sources, teaching more complex spelling patterns, and exploring etymology. Book: Wonder by R. J. Palacio

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During the last stage of reading, students read with good expression and explore materials in a wide variety of genres. They analyze what they are reading deeply and thoroughly. Writing reaches peak sophistication during this stage and relies on the writing process to continuing improving. Students are capable of understanding the most complex spelling patterns during this stage as well. Activities appropriate for this stage are refining notetaking and close reading skills, refining language use and writing organization, developing argumentative writing ability, study Latin and Greek roots/affixes, introduce academic vocabulary, and develop etymology knowledge further. Book: To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee